Résumé : Le témoin est un enfant algérien : il raconte Pierre Sang Papier Ou Cendre , avec ses mots porteurs d’une histoire collective de la grande guerre d’Algérie , il fait revive à nos yeux , de façon tragique et précise , cette guerre d’indépendance, ainsi il s’efforce de distinguer dans son information ce face à face historique, cette narration embrasse tout un siècle, il raconte un temps violent et unique , nourrie de grands cris, de son d’artillerie , de jet bombardiers, de sifflement des balles , et il décrit les visages ravagés et les regards absents avec une narration vivante et étonnante d’un caractère alerte et tragique , nous revisitons l’histoire de cette guerre en mettant l’accent sur chaque mot à fort pouvoir vibratoire et des métaphores qui revêtent des fonctions rhétoriques. En s’appuyant sur l’approche rhétorique qui repose comme nous venons de la voir sur une force de frappe sémantique qui éclot au fil des pages. Cette analyse a pour but de démontrer combien Pierre Sang Papier ou cendre est différent des autres récits historiques par sa valeur littéraire.
Mots-clés : Pierre Sang Papier ou Cendre, écriture métaphorique, sensibilité poétique, guerre.
Arts in general, Computational linguistics. Natural language processing
Artykuł jest pierwszym omówieniem archiwum fotograficznego Działu Rękopisów dawnej Pruskiej Biblioteki Państwowej (Preußische Staatsbibliothek), odnalezionego w ostatnich latach w zbiorach Muzeum Narodowego w Warszawie. Analiza genezy i złożonej historii tej fototeki jest punktem wyjścia do szerszych rozważań nad mało rozpoznanym zagadnieniem niemieckich archiwów fotograficznych w polskich zbiorach. W artykule proponowane jest szersze, wychodzące poza polsko-niemiecką perspektywę spojrzenie przez pryzmat roli przypisanej tego typu kolekcjom w międzynarodowej współpracy naukowej. Artykuł pokazuje również, że analizowana fototeka pełniła w Berlinie i w Warszawie podobne funkcje: w naznaczonych przez kryzys gospodarczy i utrudnione kontakty międzynarodowe międzywojennych Niemczech i powojennej Polsce była dla uczonych narzędziem odbudowy międzynarodowego statusu prowadzonych badań. Artykuł stawia również tezę, że nieformalne archiwum, z którego zbiorów po II wojnie światowej korzystali polscy historycy sztuki, mogło wpłynąć na znaczenie, jakie w polskiej historii sztuki zyskały badania ikonograficzne.
A growing interest in Immersive Analytics (IA) has led to the extension of computational notebooks (e.g., Jupyter Notebook) into an immersive environment to enhance analytical workflows. However, existing solutions rely on the WIMP (windows, icons, menus, pointer) metaphor, which remains impractical for complex data exploration. Although embodied interaction offers a more intuitive alternative, immersive computational notebooks and embodied data exploration systems are implemented as standalone tools. This separation requires analysts to invest considerable effort to transition from one environment to an entirely different one during analytical workflows. To address this, we introduce ICoN, a prototype that facilitates a seamless transition between computational notebooks and embodied data explorations within a unified, fully immersive environment. Our findings reveal that unification improves transition efficiency and intuitiveness during analytical workflows, highlighting its potential for seamless data analysis.
Modern machine learning solutions require extensive data collection where labeling remains costly. To reduce this burden, open set active learning approaches aim to select informative samples from a large pool of unlabeled data that includes irrelevant or unknown classes. In this context, we propose Sharpness Aware Minimization for Open Set Active Learning (SAMOSA) as an effective querying algorithm. Building on theoretical findings concerning the impact of data typicality on the generalization properties of traditional stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and sharpness-aware minimization (SAM), SAMOSA actively queries samples based on their typicality. SAMOSA effectively identifies atypical samples that belong to regions of the embedding manifold close to the model decision boundaries. Therefore, SAMOSA prioritizes the samples that are (i) highly informative for the targeted classes, and (ii) useful for distinguishing between targeted and unwanted classes. Extensive experiments show that SAMOSA achieves up to 3% accuracy improvement over the state of the art across several datasets, while not introducing computational overhead. The source code of our experiments is available at: https://anonymous.4open.science/r/samosa-DAF4
Abstract Rapid advancements in bioengineering call for broad public literacy to help individuals better understand the changes these technologies bring to our lives. However, making bioengineering concepts accessible and relevant, especially to non-science majors, is often challenging. To address this challenge, we designed a general education course aimed at demystifying bioengineering through an inclusive, interdisciplinary approach. Grounded in STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics), sociocultural learning frameworks, and inquiry-based learning, the course integrates artistic perspectives with scientific instruction to encourage creativity and critical thinking. Students explore core bioengineering concepts, ethical considerations, and societal impacts through a combination of art, hands-on making, and collaborative learning. We observed high engagement and interdisciplinary connections in the classroom and the practical experiences shared here highlight the potential for such an approach to enhance scientific literacy and appreciation of bioengineering’s role in society.
This study attempted to measure whether there is a difference in the impact of teaching presence and social presence on learning outcomes in university liberal arts classes according to online and offline class types. In addition, based on the differences found according to class type, this study attempted to propose a plan to improve online classes. For this purpose, a survey was conducted among 422 students who took the class ‘Anthropology Ⅱ’. The results were as follows. </br>First, there was a difference in the average of teaching presence and social presence according to the type of class, but no difference in learning outcomes. Second, the correlation between all variables was statistically significant in both online and offline classes, and both variables showed a high positive correlation. Thirdly, this study found that the types of presence that affected learning outcomes differed according to the type of class. The influence of teaching presence in online classes and social presence in offline classes on learning outcomes was relatively high. Based on the research findings, this study suggests some pedagogical implications that can promote a sense of teaching presence and social presence when running liberal arts classes online.
Romanian film music of the 20th century was a very well-developed field, especially in terms of symphonic music. However, research and musicology studies on this cinematic period are at the beginning, as there is little information on this area. Dumitru Capoianu is among the composers with an already established career in concert music who have also taken the step towards film music. Its adaptability to the script was realized in soundscapes of extended durations or in melodic themes that became a sound exponent of the characters and the action, transposing in them moral valences, particularities of age, tensions and also musical illustrations of the video landscape. All these qualities and the compositional patterns that he and other Romanian composers followed can also be observed in the feature film Adventures in the Danube Delta (1973), part of the particularities of the musical language elements used closely related to the script being presented and analyzed in this article.
Recent studies have revealed that GNNs are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. To defend against such attacks, robust graph structure refinement (GSR) methods aim at minimizing the effect of adversarial edges based on node features, graph structure, or external information. However, we have discovered that existing GSR methods are limited by narrowassumptions, such as assuming clean node features, moderate structural attacks, and the availability of external clean graphs, resulting in the restricted applicability in real-world scenarios. In this paper, we propose a self-guided GSR framework (SG-GSR), which utilizes a clean sub-graph found within the given attacked graph itself. Furthermore, we propose a novel graph augmentation and a group-training strategy to handle the two technical challenges in the clean sub-graph extraction: 1) loss of structural information, and 2) imbalanced node degree distribution. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of SG-GSR under various scenarios including non-targeted attacks, targeted attacks, feature attacks, e-commerce fraud, and noisy node labels. Our code is available at https://github.com/yeonjun-in/torch-SG-GSR.
Atli Jasonarson, Hinrik Hafsteinsson, Bjarki Ármannsson
et al.
This paper presents the submission of the Árni Magnusson Institute's team to the WMT24 General translation task. We work on the English->Icelandic translation direction. Our system comprises four translation models and a grammar correction model. For training our models we carefully curate our datasets, aggressively filtering out sentence pairs that may detrimentally affect the quality of our system's output. Some of our data are collected from human translations and some are synthetically generated. A part of the synthetic data is generated using an LLM, and we find that it increases the translation capability of our system significantly.
In this study, we explore the accelerated expansion of the universe within the framework of modified $f(Q)$ gravity. The investigation focus on the role of bulk viscosity in understanding the universe's accelerated expansion. Specifically, a bulk viscous matter-dominated cosmological model is considered, with the bulk viscosity coefficient expressed as $ζ= ζ_0 ρH^{-1} + ζ_1 H $. We consider the power law $f(Q)$ function $f(Q)=αQ^n $, where $α$ and $n$ are arbitrary constants and derive the analytical solutions for the field equations corresponding to a flat FLRW metric. Subsequently, we used the combined Cosmic Chronometers (CC)+Pantheon+SH0ES sample to estimate the free parameters of the obtained analytic solution. We conduct Bayesian statistical analysis to estimate the posterior probability by employing the likelihood function and the MCMC random sampling technique, along with the AIC and BIC statistical assessment criteria. In addition, we explore the evolutionary behavior of significant cosmological parameters. The effective equation of state (EOS) parameter predicts the accelerating behavior of the cosmic expansion phase. Further, by the statefinder and $Om(z)$ diagnostic test, we found that our viscous model favors quintessence-type behavior and can successfully describe the late-time scenario.
Jon McCormack, Maria Teresa Llano, Stephen James Krol
et al.
Image generation using generative AI is rapidly becoming a major new source of visual media, with billions of AI generated images created using diffusion models such as Stable Diffusion and Midjourney over the last few years. In this paper we collect and analyse over 3 million prompts and the images they generate. Using natural language processing, topic analysis and visualisation methods we aim to understand collectively how people are using text prompts, the impact of these systems on artists, and more broadly on the visual cultures they promote. Our study shows that prompting focuses largely on surface aesthetics, reinforcing cultural norms, popular conventional representations and imagery. We also find that many users focus on popular topics (such as making colouring books, fantasy art, or Christmas cards), suggesting that the dominant use for the systems analysed is recreational rather than artistic.
The purpose of this study was to design and implement an issue-centered character curriculum for university students in order to explore its educational effectiveness. To this end, a four-stage model of the issue-centered character education curriculum was designed, cycling through ‘topic recognition,’ ‘diachronic issue consideration,’ ‘synchronic issue analysis,’ and ‘practical decision-making.’ This model is designed to integrate knowledge, attitude, and practice. The ‘topic recognition’ stage focuses on knowledge, the ‘diachronic issue consideration’ stage focuses on knowledge and attitude, the ‘synchronic issue analysis’ stage focuses on attitude and practice, and finally, the ‘practical decision-making’ stage focuses on practice. According to the designed model, teaching and learning materials were organized into nine topics: freedom and responsibility, human dignity, personal relationships, ethics, self-identity, human origins, body and soul, mature love, and life. In order to explore the effectiveness of the issue-centered character curriculum, it was implemented into basic liberal arts courses at universities in the metropolitan area for one semester. The effectiveness of the curriculum was analyzed for a total of 321 university students, and both character competencies and value recognition showed statistically significant improvement. Based on the results, pedagogical implications for the design and practice of character curriculum in universities were proposed.
We have determined the most probable date for the catalog of 34 stars that was used in the construction of a Latin astrolabe originally owned by the Dominican preacher friars and presently at Musée des Arts précieux Paul-Dupuy (Toulouse, France). To this end we digitized a photograph of the rete and the rule of the astrolabe, computed the equatorial coordinates of the ends of the 34 star pointers of the rete, and produced a list of 113 reference stars taken from several lists of stars on astrolabes. We then compared the coordinates of the ends of the pointers and those of the reference stars for dates between 1400 and 1700. The most probable date for this astrolabe is 1550.
We study the staggered introduction of a generative AI-based conversational assistant using data from 5,172 customer support agents. Access to AI assistance increases worker productivity, as measured by issues resolved per hour, by 15\% on average, with substantial heterogeneity across workers. Less experienced and lower-skilled workers improve both the speed and quality of their output while the most experienced and highest-skilled workers see small gains in speed and small declines in quality. We also find evidence that AI assistance facilitates worker learning and improves English fluency, particularly among international agents. While AI systems improve with more training data, we find that the gains from AI adoption are largest for relatively rare problems, where human agents have less baseline training and experience. Finally, we provide evidence that AI assistance improves the experience of work along two key dimensions: customers are more polite and less likely to ask to speak to a manager.
Recent advances in deep neural language models combined with the capacity of large scale datasets have accelerated the development of natural language generation systems that produce fluent and coherent texts (to various degrees of success) in a multitude of tasks and application contexts. However, controlling the output of these models for desired user and task needs is still an open challenge. This is crucial not only to customizing the content and style of the generated language, but also to their safe and reliable deployment in the real world. We present an extensive survey on the emerging topic of constrained neural language generation in which we formally define and categorize the problems of natural language generation by distinguishing between conditions and constraints (the latter being testable conditions on the output text instead of the input), present constrained text generation tasks, and review existing methods and evaluation metrics for constrained text generation. Our aim is to highlight recent progress and trends in this emerging field, informing on the most promising directions and limitations towards advancing the state-of-the-art of constrained neural language generation research.
Michael Bishop, Joey Contreras, Peter Martin
et al.
The existence of a small, non-zero cosmological constant is one of the major puzzles in fundamental physics. Naively, quantum field theory arguments would imply a cosmological constant which is up to 10$^{120}$ times larger than the observed one. It is believed a comprehensive theory of quantum gravity would resolve this enormous mismatch between theory and observation. In this work, we study the ability of generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) models, which are phenomenologically motivated models of quantum gravity, to address the cosmological constant problem. In particular, we focus on how these GUP models may change the phase space of QFT, and how this affects the momentum space integration of the zero-point energies of normal modes of fields. We point out several issues that make it unlikely that GUP models, in their current form, would be able to adequately address the cosmological constant problem.
A cidade de São Paulo conforma território de múltiplos valores e vicissitudes decorrentes das alterações de uso dos espaços públicos, interferindo diretamente na conservação material de seu acervo de obras públicas. Compartilhando o espaço com outros elementos urbanos sempre renováveis, as obras artísticas, assim como a sua ambiência se atualizam para os fruidores; podem ser preservadas ou destruídas. Analisando o processo degradativo e as categorias de ação conservativa operadas na Fonte Monumental da Praça Júlio Mesquita (1927), da escultora Nicolina Vaz, esse artigo objetiva suscitar reflexões sobre a efetividade das operações de conservação física das esculturas públicas como ato desconectado da leitura das mudanças de uso dos espaços. Pesquisas arquivísticas, registros imagísticos e visitas de campo, corroboram a história conservativa da fonte, associando-a às alterações urbanas. Espera-se contribuir para a qualificação das discussões da necessidade de interação dos órgãos públicos em ações voltadas à preservação das praças e monumentos paulistas.