Pablo Elipe-Lorenzo, Pablo Elipe-Lorenzo, Pelayo Diez-Fernández
et al.
IntroductionDespite advances in inclusive policies and social awareness, the participation of people with disabilities (PwD) in mainstream sports remains limited due to numerous barriers. This systematic review seeks to identify and critically analyse the main obstacles hindering equitable participation of PwD in conventional sports, while proposing evidence-based strategies to overcome these challenges.MethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted on Web of Science and SCOPUS databases, covering studies published between 2000 and 2024. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 17 studies were selected for analysis.ResultsThe findings highlight major barriers, including insufficient training for coaches and sports club managers, negative and discriminatory attitudes, an entrenched ableist mindset, limited access to information, and a lack of accessible facilities. These factors collectively impede the active participation of PwD in sports.DiscussionTo overcome these challenges, a coordinated approach is essential, encompassing attitude transformation, targeted training for sports personnel, the implementation of inclusive policies, economic incentives, and enhanced communication strategies. Additional recommendations include integrating universal design principles into sports facilities, establishing support networks and fostering a cultural shift in societal perceptions of disability.
Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO (CRD42024544589).
With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, its application in college physical education has gradually shifted from marginal exploration to system integration. Based on literature review, case study and empirical data analysis, this paper systematically explores the multi-dimensional application of AI technology in college physical education, including sports performance analysis, personalized training, teaching management optimization and intelligent evaluation. The results show that AI can effectively improve teaching efficiency, scientific training and objectivity of evaluation, while promoting the precision and fairness of physical education. Through surveys and data comparisons of multiple colleges and universities, this paper verifies the significant effectiveness of AI in improving students' sports performance, reducing sports injury rates, and improving classroom organization efficiency. At the same time, the article also points out the challenges of current applications, such as infrastructure shortage, insufficient digital literacy of teachers, low algorithm transparency and data ethics concerns. Based on this, this paper proposes a path to promote the deep integration of AI into physical education from four dimensions: system construction, teacher empowerment, technology development and data governance. The study believes that AI will play the role of "intelligent engine" in future college physical education, promoting the transformation of the education paradigm from experience-driven to data-driven.
Konrad Strużek, Kornelia Karamus, Rafał Rejmak
et al.
Advances in the understanding of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathophysiology, along with the development of neuroimaging and biomarker analysis, have enabled the detection of neurodegenerative changes even before clinical symptoms appear. This article explores the evolution of AD diagnostic criteria, with a particular focus on the pivotal role of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (Aβ42, t-tau, p-tau) and brain imaging techniques (MRI, PET). The A/T/N classification system and the concept of compensatory brain mechanisms are also discussed, emphasizing their relevance in early disease detection. The modern diagnostic approach, introduced by the Dubois criteria and further developed by the NIA-AA framework, allows for the identification of AD in its preclinical phase. The presence of biomarker abnormalities in asymptomatic individuals suggests a long latent period and the activation of neuroplastic compensatory processes that may delay symptom onset. The integration of biomarkers has significantly improved diagnostic accuracy, enhanced clinical trial participant selection, and enabled more precise disease monitoring. Despite these advances, effective treatments to halt or reverse disease progression remain elusive, highlighting the urgent need for further research into compensatory mechanisms, individual variability, and early therapeutic strategies.
Deep learning (DL) is ubiquitous in remote sensing analysis with continued evolution in model architectures and advancement of model types. However, DL is still constrained by the need for extensive training datasets, which are costly and time-consuming to produce. One potential solution is adapting training data annotations from different spatial resolutions, though the feasibility of such an application has yet to be tested. In this study, we explore the effects of using forest boundary training data derived from the 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) at 1.5m resolution and the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) at 30m to compare the effects on DL model performance. Our research covers diverse landscapes across 11 counties in Indiana (∼11,636 km2), developing 36 DL models to assess the impact of spatial resolution, model architectures, land cover, and training chip sizes. Our results show that higher-resolution training data yield more accurate models, regardless of imagery resolution, though the performance gap (F1 score) was limited to ∼2.7% even at its most extreme. We also found significant variation in performance based on land cover, with average F1 scores of 0.923 in homogeneous forested areas compared to 0.684 in complex urban settings. Despite similar training times between data sources, chipping 3DEP data took roughly five times longer. We expect that the findings from this study will assist future research in optimizing the development of DL training datasets, selection of source imagery at the proper resolution given training data availability, and application of appropriate model tuning depending on landscape complexity.
In the present era, teachers must go beyond traditional lecture-based teaching methods to create engaging learning experiences and motivate students to actively participate in the educational process. Through classroom observations, it was identified that third-grade students at SDK Lemuel 1 school often experienced feelings of boredom and lacked enthusiasm during the learning sessions, consequently hindered their progress in mastering vocabulary. This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach to examine the effectiveness of incorporating learning media as a means of support for elementary students, as well as to comprehend the challenges faced by teachers when using video as a learning media in the classroom. The results of this study demonstrate a remarkable improvement in the average scores of students’ pre-test and post-test assessments, indicating an approximate increase of 20,63 points. Thus, it can be inferred that integrating the Little Fox Chinese video as a supplementary learning media for third-grade students at SDK Lemuel 1 school not only enhances their enthusiasm and active participation in the learning process, but also leads to improved learning outcomes and enhances their proficiency in mastering Mandarin vocabulary.
The problem of strengthening weak or overloaded bases is an important objective of underground space development. It is especially urgent if there are alternating weak layers in the base. The paper presents a practical geotechnical case of strengthening the overloaded base of a reinforced concrete foundation plate for a 25-storey residential building under construction. Combined soil piles that consist of Jet (type 1) soil concrete piles reinforced along the longitudinal axis with drilled injection piles made by electric discharge technology (EDT piles) are used as buried structures. This method of arrangement of a combined buried reinforced concrete structure is conditioned by the need to increase the load-bearing capacity of a pile in soil by two or more times.
From mental maps and interviews based upon a field survey conducted at Sao Paulo's French International School in August 2014, this paper deals with the perception and representation of the city through the eyes of expatriate teenagers. This paper stresses and underlines the construction of an emotional and sensory territoriality and the perception of a symbolic space freed from any situational logic.
O “princípio da capacidade contributiva” ou “princípio da capacidade econômica”, vem determinado no art. 145, § 1o, da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988 (CRFB), e é um dos alicerces do Direito Tributário. Este princípio estabelece que cada cidadão deverá contribuir para os gastos públicos na medida de sua possibilidade financeira. Ao tratar de tributos ambientais, o Direito Ambiental alia-se ao Direito Tributário em prol de um objetivo comum: a proteção ambiental. Contudo, diante deste cenário, verifica-se que o “princípio da capacidade contributiva” tem seu protagonismo deslocado, cedendo lugar para o princípio ambiental do “poluidor-pagador”, conforme o art. 225 da CRFB, a Lei 6.938/81 e diversos acordos internacionais. Sem negar a aplicação dos princípios tributários, em especial o “princípio da capacidade contributiva”, a partir de revisões doutrinárias e legais, o presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar um inovador princípio tributário-ambiental, o “princípio da capacidade poluidora”, que insere um novo paradigma no sistema tributário.
Environmental sciences, Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence
Radar inference of the bulk properties of glacier beds, most notably identifying basal
melting, is, in general, derived from the basal reflection coefficient. On
the scale of an ice sheet, unambiguous determination of basal reflection is
primarily limited by uncertainty in the englacial attenuation of the radio
wave, which is an Arrhenius function of temperature. Existing bed-returned
power algorithms for deriving attenuation assume that the attenuation rate is
regionally constant, which is not feasible at an ice-sheet-wide scale. Here we
introduce a new semi-empirical framework for deriving englacial attenuation,
and, to demonstrate its efficacy, we apply it to the Greenland Ice Sheet. A
central feature is the use of a prior Arrhenius temperature model to estimate
the spatial variation in englacial attenuation as a first guess input for the
radar algorithm. We demonstrate regions of solution convergence for two input
temperature fields and for independently analysed field campaigns. The
coverage achieved is a trade-off with uncertainty and we propose that the
algorithm can be "tuned" for discrimination of basal melt (attenuation loss
uncertainty ∼ 5 dB). This is supported by our physically
realistic ( ∼ 20 dB) range for the basal reflection coefficient.
Finally, we show that the attenuation solution can be used to predict the
temperature bias of thermomechanical ice sheet models and is in agreement
with known model temperature biases at the Dye 3 ice core.
The oceans are a key source of a number of atmospherically important
volatile gases. The accurate and robust determination of trace gases
in seawater is a significant analytical challenge, requiring
reproducible and ideally automated sample handling, a high efficiency
of seawater–air transfer, removal of water vapour from the sample
stream, and high sensitivity and selectivity of the analysis. Here we
describe a system that was developed for the fully automated analysis
of dissolved very short-lived halogenated species (VSLS) sampled from
an under-way seawater supply. The system can also be used for
semi-automated batch sampling from Niskin bottles filled during CTD
(conductivity, temperature, depth) profiles. The essential components
comprise a bespoke, automated purge and trap (AutoP & T) unit
coupled to a commercial thermal desorption and gas chromatograph mass
spectrometer (TD-GC-MS). The AutoP & T system has completed five
research cruises, from the tropics to the poles, and collected over
2500 oceanic samples to date. It is able to quantify >25 species over
a boiling point range of 34–180 °C with Henry's law
coefficients of 0.018 and greater (CH<sub>2</sub></sub>2l</sub>, <i>k</i><sub>H</sub><sup>cc</sup>
dimensionless gas/aqueous) and has been used to measure organic
sulfurs, hydrocarbons, halocarbons and terpenes. In the eastern tropical
Pacific, the high sensitivity and sampling frequency provided new
information regarding the distribution of VSLS, including novel
measurements of a photolytically driven diurnal cycle of
CH<sub>2</sub></sub>2l</sub> within the surface ocean water.
Drawing primarily on fieldwork in Greece, Italy, and Thailand, I examine the use of historic conservation to justify gentrification. This commoditization of history expands into urban design a classification that serves the goals of neoliberal modernity. By thus refocusing the classic anthropological concern with taxonomy on the analysis of the bureaucratic production of everyday experience and knowledge, I explore a new global habitus in which dominant interpretations of history spatially reinforce current ideologies. Historic conservation often provides an excuse for intervention into urban life. In a revision of high modernism’s focus on science, logic, and efficiency, this trend invokes “the past.” But which past? The concept of “heritage” is grounded in culturally specific ideologies of kinship, residence, and property, but the universalization of the nation‐state as a collectivity of similar subunits has given those concepts globally hegemonic power. In consequence, phenomena that governments treat as “merely” cultural or symbolic are not taken seriously as sources of poverty and subjection. By juxtaposing historic conservation and gentrification with a critique of the public management of knowledge, I thus sketch a critical trajectory for anthropological engagement in “the politics of mereness” by asking who defines what matters in residents’ lives.
This entry takes on two subjects. First, it addresses the influence that anthropology had on the work of the mid-twentieth century French philosopher Gilles Deleuze, and second, the influence that Gilles Deleuze’s work has subsequently exerted on anthropology. In Deleuze’s encounter with anthropology, he ended up seeing anthropological structuralism as a limit to thought. However, he saw Anglo-American anthropology, and some later French anthropology, as powerful tools for conceiving different arrangements of the world, and he ended up relying heavily on these materials when he constructed his own Nietzschian longue durée speculative anthropology. As a discipline, anthropology has had little interest in Deleuze’s speculative anthropology; however, it has seen both Deleuze’s overall aesthetics and many of his concepts as theoretical engines that could be used piecemeal at will, with little concern for the role they played in Deleuze’s overall thought, or for how having these ideas reterritorialised in anthropology might affect them. In the end, this entry suggests that despite the outsized reception of Deleuze in anthropology, a real encounter with Deleuze’s thoughts have yet to occur; despite this lack of a true, sustained engagement, anthropological use of Deleuzian concepts has still been incredibly productive in the discipline.
Paulo Víctor Laguardia Mejía, Fabiana de Nadai Andreoli, Cleverson Andreoli
et al.
A introdução de produtos nocivos no ambiente tem ocasionado situações de risco a saúde humana e ambiental. O presente artigo define as principais técnicas de fitorremediação e sua relação com a remediação de contaminantes orgânicos e inorgânicos. Os mecanismos utilizados nestes processos utilizam as bases teóricas das técnicas biológicas in-site, que estão sendo amplamente estudadas devido à sua eficiência e baixo custo quando comparadas com as técnicas de remediação tradicionais. Pesquisas na área de fitorremediação têm sido direcionadas para remediação de contaminantes específicos e situações especiais onde as técnicas podem ser implantadas. Este estudo descreve as técnicas de fitorremediação e os contaminantes específicos para os quais são apropriadas. A fitodegradação, fitoestabilização, fitoextração, rizofiltração e a rizodegradação apresentam-se como novas alternativas estratégicas para a revitalização de áreas contaminadas, otimizando os custos de implantação e monitoramento e direcionando as técnicas de forma a amenizar alterações nas condições ambientais locais.
Este trabalho visa demonstrar a importância da luz natural para a eficiência das edificações escolares através de simulações computacionais de estratégias captação de luz natural. Visa demonstrar em rápido exercício o desperdício, econômico e energético e apresentar propostas para reduzir o consumo da energia elétrica em uma escola pública. Pretende demonstrar como a luz natural poderá aumentar a eficiência das tarefas visuais exercidas nestes espaços, utilizando-se de elementos arquitetônicos utilizados na região tropical brasileira. Esta potencialidade climática tem sido pouco explorada principalmente, em regiões tropicais quentes - úmidas, como é o caso da cidade de Maceió–AL, foco deste trabalho.