Athira Jayavarma, Preetha Parakkat Kesava Panikker, Manjula G. Nair
Blockchain technology has caused a significant transformation in the global energy sector as it is increasingly applied in producing, distributing, trading, and managing energy. The incorporation of blockchain in the industry presents unprecedented opportunities for creating secure and decentralized systems of trading energy systems that are not only secure and resilient but also transparent. The paper explores a detailed analysis of various blockchain platforms and endeavors to collapse the existing gaps in the advanced research of blockchain systems supporting the development of energy trading applications. Precisely, this paper gives in-depth details of some of the popular blockchain platforms, and it primarily focuses on the platforms’ security, scalability solutions, consensus methods, strategies for mitigating cyberattacks, privacy-preserving mechanisms, regulatory considerations, the integration of artificial intelligence for platform optimization and suitability in energy trading based on the existing information. It helps energy providers select the best blockchain platform for their energy trading projects. The detailed examination aims to further improve energy trading efficiency, reliability, and sustainability via the most suitable blockchain platform.
Blockchain is a transformative technology with the potential to metamorphose industries, including supply chains and logistics, owing to its promise of efficiency, transparency and traceability. However, many blockchain projects have failed, requiring an analysis of the underlying reasons. This research focuses on the failure factors by studying the case of TradeLens, a supply chain platform using Blockchain to improve the visibility and coordination of international shipments. Applying Elinor Ostrom’s theory of the commons, we explored challenges related to governance, participation, interoperability, technological evolution and security. The study reveals that a lack of stakeholder engagement, unclear governance, and confidentiality concerns are major obstacles. Ostrom highlights the importance of participatory governance and a clear definition of boundaries and communities in the management of shared resources. To be successful, blockchain projects must adopt a holistic approach, with transparent governance, encourage collaboration, guarantee interoperability and invest in data security. By incorporating these recommendations and the lessons learned from past failures, future blockchain projects can improve their chances of success and make a positive contribution to the transformation of industries.
Manoj T, Krishnamoorthi Makkithaya, Narendra V. G.
et al.
Agricultural insurance is one of the formal and reliable risk management instruments to cope with agrarian risks. Presently, agricultural insurance products rely heavily on centralized systems that lack transparency and traceability, leading to suboptimal risk assessment and delays in payouts. To address these concerns the fintech industry has started to embrace a popular decentralized technology called blockchain. However, blockchain operates as a deterministic and synchronized state system, which means it cannot directly access real-world data for decentralized applications. A mechanism called oracle is required for the trusted access of agricultural risk factor data to smart contracts from external sources such as Internet of Things (IoT) devices, web services and databases. Hence, the present study proposes a blockchain-based AgriInsureDON framework with a privacy-preserving decentralized oracle for risk factor data access from trusted IoT devices for agricultural insurance. Initially, a method for computing the direct reputation score of IoT devices based on behavioral and data reputation is illustrated. Next, a privacy preserved decentralized oracle mechanism is designed and implemented using a masked secret sharing and secure aggregation scheme. Later, we demonstrate the working of weather-indexed insurance contracts based on decentralized oracle. Finally, a performance analysis of smart contract transactions w.r.t average latency, throughput, average CPU utilization and total memory usage is conducted on Ganache and Sepolia test networks. The evaluation results of privacy-protected decentralized oracle and an indexed insurance contract within AgriInsureDON framework confirms that transactions are efficient and scalable to meet the requirements of expedited claim settlement.
With the advancement of technologies such as 5G, digital twins, and edge computing, the Internet of Things (IoT) as a critical component of intelligent systems is profoundly driving the transformation of various industries toward digitalization and intelligence. However, the exponential growth of network connection nodes has expanded the attack exposure surface of IoT devices. The IoT devices with limited storage and computing resources struggle to cope with new types of attacks, and IoT devices lack mature authorization and authentication mechanisms. It is difficult for traditional data-sharing solutions to meet the security requirements of cloud-based shared data. Therefore, this paper proposes a blockchain-based multi-authority IoT data-sharing scheme with attribute-based searchable encryption for intelligent system (BM-ABSE), aiming to address the security, efficiency, and verifiability issues of data sharing in an IoT environment. Our scheme decentralizes management responsibilities through a multi-authority mechanism to avoid the risk of single-point failure. By utilizing the immutability and smart contract function of blockchain, this scheme can ensure data integrity and the reliability of search results. Meanwhile, some decryption computing tasks are outsourced to the cloud to reduce the computing burden on IoT devices. Our scheme meets the static security and IND-CKA security requirements of the standard model, as demonstrated by theoretical analysis, which effectively defends against the stealing or tampering of ciphertexts and keywords by attackers. Experimental simulation results indicate that the scheme has excellent computational efficiency on resource-constrained IoT devices, with core algorithm execution time maintained in milliseconds, and as the number of attributes increases, it has a controllable performance overhead.
Quality 4.0 is the fusion between the long-standing quality management tenets and Industry 4.0 technologies like AI, Blockchain, IoT, and Big Data. Although it can improve product quality, control operational efficiency, and supply chain transparency for organizations, adopting these technologies comes with high challenges. This study, therefore, carries out a meta-analytic review incorporating 80 peer-reviewed papers from between 2018 to 2024 to exposit the effectiveness, challenges, and prospects of Quality 4.0. Results show that machine learning-based predictive analytics significantly reduce defect rates and production costs, while Blockchain enhances visibility into the supply chain. On the other hand, organizational readiness and workforce training are major barriers. The paper can give much-needed input to practitioners through actionable recommendations and suggest avenues for further research that would advance Quality 4.0 adoption.
Md Abdullah Al Mamun, Mei Li, Bijon Kumar Pramanik
et al.
With the proliferation of meteorological sensor networks, ensuring data quality and reliability has become increasingly challenging. Traditional validation methods often fail to handle complex sensor behaviors, environmental variations, and real-time data verification requirements. This paper presents an innovative approach that leverages blockchain technology with a custom Multidimensional Sensor Validation Algorithm (MDSVA) to comprehensively address these challenges. Our enhanced MDSVA introduces a sophisticated five-component validation function that simultaneously addresses drift and noise compensation, environmental adaptation, periodic variations, dynamic thresholds, and transient adjustments. These components work multiplicatively, ensuring that significant issues in any single aspect substantially affect the overall validation result, while minor variations across multiple components have a more moderate combined effect. The mathematical model employs weighted exponential decay for noise reduction, temperature-based environmental scaling, sinusoidal periodic compensation, logistic threshold transitions, and temporal adaptation functions. This holistic approach significantly improves traditional validation methods by providing more nuanced and context-sensitive data validation. Integration with Hyperledger Fabric blockchain technology is achieved through smart contracts that implement this advanced validation algorithm, ensuring immutable record keeping and distributed consensus on data quality. The experimental results show that our implementation achieved a precision of 94.7% in sensor drift detection, with consistent performance (±1.2% variation) in diverse environments over 24 weeks. The system maintained 99.99% uptime with 4.2 second recovery time and demonstrated robust resilience by handling up to 30% simultaneous node failures while keeping resource utilization below 85%. This research contributes to the field of meteorological data quality assurance by providing a robust, mathematically sound, and technologically advanced solution that meets the growing demands of modern weather monitoring systems.
Shahryar Eivazzadeh, Sravan Mutyala, Jaideep Chinthala
et al.
Blockchain technology is increasingly recognized as a promising solution for managing health-related data, particularly in promoting well-being through physical activity. This is becoming more significant as the Internet of Things (IoT) and sport monitoring sensors continue to expand and become more available, leading to a growing number of users in sports and prolonged usage of these devices, which continuously capture large volumes of physical activity data. The substantial volume of data generated in sports and physical activities, combined with distinct concerns compared to medical and health-related information, makes this domain a unique case for blockchain applications. This paper presents a systematic review of blockchain applications in physical activity, exercise-based rehabilitation, fitness, sport, and exercise-based therapeutics (PARFSET). It specifically focuses on examining their quality attributes, including privacy, security, accountability, personalization, adherence, and extensibility. Our objective is to establish a foundational understanding of the benefits of a blockchain in PARFSET domains, particularly following the decline in initial hype for blockchain technology. We aim to provide a clearer perspective on potential applications, future advancements, and research directions. To this end, we assess the maturity levels of blockchain adoption in these areas and highlight specific examples where a blockchain contributes to enhanced data protection, user-centered customization, trust through accountability, and system scalability. Additionally, we present a hypothetical illustrative case to demonstrate how blockchain applications and their quality outcomes can be effectively integrated. Finally, the paper explores the challenges associated with blockchain implementation and outlines potential directions for future research.
Rahmanwali Sahar, Md. Abu Jahid, Hasan Fauzi
et al.
Abstract This study explores the intersection of organizational sustainability and digital transformation by providing a comprehensive bibliometric and content analysis of existing literature. Using data from the Scopus database, the research employs bibliometric tools such as VOSviewer to analyze trends, identify key themes, and map the intellectual structure of the field. The analysis focuses on publications from 2016 to 2025, highlighting the significant growth of research in this domain, particularly after 2018, indicating a rising scholarly interest in sustainable digital innovation. The Results reveal that most publications are concentrated in high-impact journals, with top contributing countries including the United States, the United Kingdom, China, and Germany. Affiliations are drawn mainly from prestigious academic institutions, underscoring the field’s strong educational foundation. Co-authorship analysis illustrates moderate yet increasing international collaboration, with developed countries leading the partnerships. Keyword co-occurrence analysis identifies five prominent thematic clusters centered around digital transformation, sustainability, innovation, Industry 4.0, and organizational performance. Content analysis of the most highly cited articles reveals a growing emphasis on integrating digital technologies, such as AI, IoT, and blockchain, into sustainable business strategies to enhance efficiency, transparency, and adaptability. These articles underline the importance of aligning digital innovation with environmental and social goals. This study provides Practical recommendations to organizations, managers, and employees. Theoretical implications by showing how digital transformation and sustainability intersect with disruptive innovation, absorptive capacity, network theory, and institutional theory, emphasizing the need for inclusive, knowledge-driven, and ethically grounded organizational change. The study acknowledges limitations, including the exclusive use of the Scopus database, which may omit relevant literature from other sources. Additionally, the rapidly evolving nature of digital technologies may lead to shifts in trends not yet captured by current publications. Despite these constraints, the research provides valuable insights and lays a foundation for future studies at the intersection of sustainability and digital transformation.
Leonardo Juan Ramírez López, Danniel Alejandro Parra Chavarro, Yeison Andres Hernandez Huertas
Digital citizenship in Colombia is a strategic priority to modernize public services through secure, transparent, and citizen-centered interactions. The national model combines Digital Authentication, the Digital Citizen Folder, a Digital Wallet, and Digital Signature under the regulatory framework led by the Ministry of ICT. Yet adoption has been limited by mistrust, especially concerns about information security, identity theft, and limited control over personal data. This article is a narrative Mini-review that offers a curated synthesis of recent literature on blockchain for digital identity, authentication, and citizen data management, drawing on representative studies indexed in Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Prior work suggests that distributed ledgers can enhance immutability, auditability, and data sovereignty, and that Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) with verifiable credentials and decentralized identifiers can enable selective disclosure and stronger user control. However, persistent challenges include scalability and cost, governance and interoperability with legacy systems, and regulatory alignment, which temper expectations. Taken together, the literature indicates that blockchain can be a viable complement to Colombia’s digital government ecosystem when implemented through permissioned or hybrid designs, aligned with open standards and embedded in robust legal and institutional frameworks. Under these conditions, blockchain-based approaches may help rebuild trust and foster broader adoption of citizen-oriented digital services.
Imtiaz Khan, PhD, Mohamed A. Maher, Moderator: Anjum Khurshid, PhD
With the advent of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) of the EU and the development of technologies like blockchain and distributed ledger technologies (DLT), it is now possible to create a new paradigm with a shared economic model where financial Incentivization will be the main driver for data sharing. This can be achieved by setting up a digital health data marketplace (DHDM).
Speakers on s podcast authored a paper in BTHY journal entitled “From Sharing to Selling: Challenges and Opportunities of Establishing a Digital Health Data Marketplace Using Blockchain Technologies,” https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v5.184
Their ongoing work is discussed for the DHDM operation outlined along with current developments and future work. Questions addressed are below:
• What inspired the authors to explore the use of blockchain technology in healthcare data sharing and monetization?
• What are the key challenges and opportunities identified in establishing a digital health data marketplace using blockchain technologies?
• What are the potential socioeconomic impacts of a digital health data marketplace on patients, healthcare providers, and researchers, and how do you see the economics of health data developing into dynamic systems that will reflect in the processes of care delivery and management?
• What are the next steps for the research? Are there ongoing projects or collaborations the audience can expect to be excited about?
Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics
Blockchain technology has garnered significant attention in recent years, prompting researchers, entrepreneurs, and businesses to seek viable ways to validate the application of blockchain within their specific use cases. Blockchain decision schemes (BDSs) can assist in this decision-making process, offering a potentially more cost-effective alternative to domain experts. Flow chart blockchain decision schemes (FC-BDSs) constitute 77.5% of all BDSs, and this paper systematically reviews these by standardising and aggregating the most prominent schemes into an open-source package. Central to our approach is the definition of an FC-BDS as a directed acyclic graph (DAG). Upon this mathematical foundation, we engage in a meticulous exploration and analysis of various elements within FC-BDSs. We present an in-depth analysis of the structure of FC-BDSs, exploring features such as vertex count, question categorisation, and outcome distribution. Notably, the majority of FC-BDS questions ask about data and participation (34.1%) above other domains such as security (18.6%) and performance (10.8%). Observations regarding outcomes shows an overall balance in suggesting the usage or avoidance of blockchains; however, there is a discrepancy between the average questions required to reach these outcomes, revealing potential biases within schemes. Further analysis using similarity metrics (based on both structural and semantic features) identifies significant overlaps between FC-BDSs, with some schemes showing over 90% similarity. These observations could be attributed to a more informal publishing routine for FC-BDSs, and help trace the evolution of FC-BDSs over time. The insights drawn from this research provide valuable insights into the broader BDSs landscape, and stand to make significant strides towards the standardisation of FC-BDSs, thereby promoting a more coherent and effective utilisation of these decision-making tools in the realm of blockchain technology application.
Geospatial technology involves the use of maps, satellite imagery, and spatial databases to collect, analyze, and visualize geographic data. Understanding the link between blockchain and geospatial technology is crucial as it opens the door to innovation and progress in both fields. “The use of Blockchain as a system for managing and verifying geospatial data necessitates accuracy, integrity, and trustworthiness”(Pengxiang et al 2022). Improving data integrity, promoting collaboration, and revolutionizing applications in the geospatial domain are all possible through the combination of these two technologies.</p>
<p>The World Wide Web (WWW) has expanded connections worldwide, but it also makes networks susceptible to multiple attacks from various anonymous sources. Packets of fixed or variable sizes are used for transmitting data across nodes. Data is encrypted using secure algorithms at the application level, then packetized and sent at lower levels in the OSI architecture. The encrypted data can be obtained by an intruder by organizing the data contents of each packet once they have access to all the packets. Intruders may also attempt to break the secured algorithm used by the sender.</p>
<p>This sophisticated approach to Data Security is the content and order of data, ensuring that unauthorized individuals are unable to discern sensitive information during data transmission. The primary objective of this paper is to introduce a novel spatial encryption technique designed to enhance the security of data transfers within networks. This paper, founded on a comprehensive literature review, endeavors to propose a research project focused on exploring futuristic solutions, particularly within the post-quantum era.
This paper analyzes the strategic decisions of fashion brands regarding the development of digital assets based on blockchain technology, with a focus on achieving both sustainability and profitability goals. We first consider foundational factors such as the fashion value of products, their life cycle, and environmental taxes to construct a traditional fashion system involving the government, fashion brands, and consumers. Subsequently, we introduce a blockchain model that incorporates the added value of digital assets, the cost of technology, and the proportion of fashion consumers. Both models—traditional and digital—are solved mathematically, and numerical experiments are conducted to compare and analyze the impact of developing digital assets by fashion brands. The findings suggest that leveraging digital assets to enhance the fashion value of products can increase the profitability of fashion brands while also reducing environmental pollution caused by leftover inventory. Additionally, the development of digital assets may extend the life cycle of a product, although this does not always lead to improved environmental performance, highlighting a trade-off between the two objectives. Ultimately, the development of digital assets by fashion brands can result in a win-win for both profit and environmental performance, but this outcome is contingent on the cost of blockchain technology meeting specific conditions.
Roberto Moncada, Enrico Ferro, Maurizio Fiaschetti
et al.
Blockchain tokens have accumulated tremendous market value but remain highly controversial, given their price volatility and seemingly speculative nature. Ironically, this very characteristic can foster token retention as users wait for occasions of appreciation. In this paper, we conduct an empirical analysis with 58 tokens in two steps: first, an investigation of the drivers of user activity and token price volatility using a new blockchain token classification framework, searching for possible tokenomics links. Our findings suggest that there is an intrinsic relationship between the way tokens are used as a means of exchange and how token usage dynamics influence user engagement oppositely to market stability. Only some features, such as earning potential and voting rights, foster token-holding strategies, while only Ethereum ecosystem membership has positive effects on price volatility. Second, we analyze the direct relationship between price volatility and active users. Results show that, on average, a 10% increase in volatility is related to a decrease in active addresses ranging between 3.96% and 5.88%. The finding is supportive of the hypothesis that token price volatility may be treated as an opportunity to increase token retention.
Based on the practical Byzantine fault tolerance algorithm (PBFT), a grouped multilayer PBFT consensus algorithm (GM-PBFT) is proposed to be applied to digital asset transactions in view of the problems with excessive communication complexity and low consensus efficiency found in the current consensus mechanism for digital asset transactions. Firstly, the transaction nodes are grouped by type, and each group can handle different types of consensus requests at the same time, which improves the consensus efficiency as well as the accuracy of digital asset transactions. Second, the group develops techniques like validation, auditing, and re-election to enhance Byzantine fault tolerance by thwarting malicious node attacks. This supervisory mechanism is implemented through the Raft consensus algorithm. Finally, the consensus is stratified for the nodes in the group, and the consensus nodes in the upper layer recursively send consensus requests to the lower layer until the consensus request reaches the end layer to ensure the consistency of the block ledger in the group. Based on the results of the experiment, the approach may significantly outperform the PBFT consensus algorithm when it comes to accuracy, efficiency, and preserving the security and reliability of transactions in large-scale network node digital transaction situations.