The article is devoted to the study of the creative heritage of the famous domestic specialist in the field of philosophy and methodology of science Vadim Nikolayevich Borisov – the formation and structuring of his scientific program and the explication of its ideological and theoretical sources. The authors pay special attention to the formation of the scientific school of the scientist, associated with the consistent thematization of the theoretical construct «reflection». The authors proceed from the fact that the priority trend in the modern philosophy of science is to comprehend the cultural and historical nature of cognition and analyze its complex structured context. These dominant directions have been implemented in a large number of studies on scientific communication, power interactions in the scientific community, the effectiveness of science as a special social institution, etc. Consistent thematization of issues of this type is associated with the works of B. Latur, R. Merton, St. Fuller, M. Foucault and many other authors. In this context it seems relevant to consider the social organization of the cognitive process, which can be expressed (1) in a comprehensive study of the mechanisms of functioning of various types of scientific communities (central/regional), (2) analysis of the processes of formation, development and degradation of scientific schools, (3) thematization of issues related to the quantitative and qualitative consolidation of advantages in science (scientific production), (4) establishing the originality of scientific capital and the relationship of the latter with symbolic capital. The study of the above problem complexes is quite new in Russian philosophical literature. The authors see the novelty of the proposed way of considering the issue in the following: (1) in the scientific literature, mainly, attention is paid to scientific schools that have taken shape on the basis of existing philosophical faculties (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Rostov-on- Don, Yekaterinburg), (2) as a result of which very frequent cases of «migration» of scientific schools themselves remain outside the analysis, which is associated with the relocation of their leaders; (3) virtually no consideration is given to the contradictory processes of rooting in the new place of the scientific leaders themselves and their followers in the new cultural and intellectual environment. For a detailed discussion of the above tasks, the scientific fate of the Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Professor Vadim Nikolaevich Borisov, a famous methodologist of science, one of the graduates of Moscow University of the historical period when studied at it: B. A. Grushin, A. A. Zinoviev, E. V. Ilyenkov, M. K. Mamardashvili, G. P. Shchedrovitsky. The methodological basis of the study was the heuristic ideas of P. Bourdieu (scientific field as a power institution, concepts of scientific production and scientific capital, authority as a special type of capital in science, cognitive and institutional strategies in science), R. Merton (ethos of science, mechanism for transferring norms and values in the scientific community, reputation in science, accumulation of advantages in science), M. Foucault (concept of an episteme, the ratio of power and knowledge) In their study, the authors distinguish three stages in the development of the methodological doctrine of V. N. Borisov: formation (Kalinin city), registration (Novosibirsk) and institutional rooting in a new place (Kuibyshev/Samara). In conclusion, the authors reveal the originality of V. N. Borisov, the main content of which was quantitative (opening new departments, holding methodological seminars and scientific conferences) and qualitative growth (development of graduate school, creation of dissertation councils) of regional scientific communities.
In order to improve the efficiency of transportation infrastructure maintenance, it is proposed to introduce an insurance fund that performs two functions: accumulation of payments with different frequency and cost for performing various types of maintenance; pays for these types of maintenance as necessary. To mathematically describe the state of the insurance fund, it is proposed to use a special type of risk process. This approach allowed us to introduce maintenance performance indicators in the form of resource-cost and financial risks, taking into account the possibility of non-performance of maintenances due to lack of financial resources. A modeling program based on the event approach was created in the MATLAB environment to study these indicators. Computational experiments with the modeling program allowed us to draw conclusions that, in order to minimize the risk values, preference should be given to the option when the shares and frequency of payments to the insurance fund are determined based on the type of maintenance and initial data.
Ali Ghasemi Ghasemvand, Vahid Chenari, Mehrdad Hamari
et al.
Abstract
The aim of the current research is to explain and design mentoring in order to improve human resources activities in the National Company of Southern Oil Regions. The current research is of mixed type (qualitative-quantitative). In the qualitative part, the necessary factors and infrastructures of the model were identified through interviews with 11 experts who were selected using the snowball sampling method; and in the quantitative part, the community consisted of 105 experts and human resource managers of the southern National Petroleum Regions Company, and stratified random sampling method was used. In the qualitative stage, the theme analysis method is used. Experts' opinions were used to check the validity of the qualitative data collection tool, and thematic analysis was uded to check the reliability of the findings. MAXQDA 10 software was used to analyze the qualitative data; and in the quantitative stage, data analysis has been done through questionnaires and structural equations using SPSS, SmartPLS software. Based on the results of the research, 16 themes and in fact the necessary infrastructures for the design of the model were obtained, which are: organizational communication, mentoring evaluation, organizational trust, organizational training, employee development, organizational commitment, employee empowerment, employee socialization, organizational structure, organizational factors, knowledge management, career path management, human resources management, organizational implementation barriers, organizational performance results, and mentor's individual characteristics. Finally, based on the obtained results, the mentoring model was designed in order to improve human resources activities.
Extended abstract
Introduction
Today, organizations have well understood that in order to succeed in the complicated global economy and to survive in the competitive business environment, they need to have the best talents. At the same time as understanding the need to recruit, develop and maintain talents; organizations have realized that talents are critical resources (Abadeh et al, 2023).
Today, at least half of the top 1000 leading companies in the world provide mentoring in various forms to their employees. Organizations such as NASA, Vodafone, Coca-Cola, etc. are among the organizations that have included mentoring in their human resources training activities. Even associations and institutions active in the field of training and improvement, such as the American Training and Improvement Association, the Personnel and Improvement Association, the American Management Association, or the International Federation of Coaches, carry out extensive activities in the field of mentoring (Kosariye et al., 2020).
Official mentoring programs in organizations are implemented with a special focus on organizational development. Organizational development and culture change; Mentoring can help establish a connection between the organization's values, mission and duty. One-to-one communication helps employees understand the organizational culture and implement any necessary changes. Educational support; the mentoring method helps fill the gap between theory and practice through more transfer of knowledge and learning. Formal education and learning is completed by the practical knowledge and experience of a professional and skilled worker. Retention and maintenance of employees; The mentoring method creates a motivated and encouraging environment through interactions, training and role modeling that facilitates the internal progress of the organization and increases the welfare of employees. Mentors increase success, satisfaction, promotion and job opportunity (Tyler & MMckenzie, 2011).
Therefore, the current research is looking for the answer of following question: How is the explanation and design of mentoring in order to promote human resources activities in the National Company of Southern Oil Regions?
Theoretical Framework
Human resources
Human resources are a valuable intangible asset in an organization. Their wants and needs are different and difficult to understand. Due to the increase in the size of the industry and the complexity related to its operations and human factors, a number of organizations have used mentoring programs. Mentoring helps to increase the morale of employees and motivates them to achieve the goals of the organization. Through mentoring, organizations see their employees as better people and gain knowledge about the work needs and personal needs of employees. Just like a discipline that integrates organizational goals and personal goals, organizations gain many benefits through mentoring (Daneshmandi et al, 2018).
Mentoring
Mentoring is a type of learning process in which individual and mutual helping relationships are achieved through a focus on success (Rajabpor et al, 2015). In this type of learning, emotional support is a key component (Haran & Jeyaraj, 2019). In the mentoring relationship, the mentee learns and grows through conversations with experienced mentors who share their knowledge and experience, and this Learning is integrated with their thinking and action (Rajabpor, 2020).
Abdollahi & Heshmati Navabi (2023) investigated coaching as an appropriate strategy for the development of medical faculty members in higher education: a systematic review. The results showed that the mentoring program consists of three stages: "targeting and familiarization with the implementation of the mentoring program", "implementing the mentoring program" and "evaluating the mentoring program." Implementation approaches included a traditional one-on-one coaching program, a peer coaching program, and a distance learning coaching program. By identifying the stages and types of mentoring programs, this study showed that their use, especially the distance education guidance program, has led to the advancement of faculty members in various fields. A mixed approach to program evaluation can provide more appropriate views of the effects of these programs.
Gholipur et al, (2022) investigated the presentation of the mentoring model and analyzed the factors affecting its successful implementation in the Hamrah-e Avval company. The results of the interviews were analyzed by theme analysis and using Brown and Clark's approach. Factors affecting the implementation of the mentoring process in 17 sub-categories and 3 main categories; included planning, implementation and evaluation and feedback. Then, in the quantitative phase of the research, the main and subcategories were evaluated using the fuzzy hierarchical analysis technique. The results in the second step of the research showed that the category of implementation is the most important among the three main categories of implementing the mentoring process in the Hamrah-e Avval Company; and after that, the categories of "planning" and "evaluation and feedback" are in the second and third ranks.
Research methodology
The current research is of mixed type (qualitative-quantitative). In the qualitative part, the necessary factors and infrastructures of the model were identified through interviews with 11 experts who were selected using the snowball sampling method; and in the quantitative part, the community consisted of 105 experts and human resource managers of the Southern National Petroleum Regions Company, and stratified random sampling method was used.
Research findings
The Max Kyuda software was used to analyze the qualitative data, and in the quantitative stage, the data analysis was done through questionnaires and structural equations using (SPSS, SmartPLS) software. Based on the results of the research, 16 themes and in fact the necessary infrastructures for the design of the model were obtained, which are: organizational communication, mentoring evaluation, organizational trust, organizational training, employee development, organizational commitment, employee empowerment, employee socialization, organizational structure, organizational factors, knowledge management, career path management, human resources management, organizational implementation barriers, organizational performance results, and mentor's individual characteristics. Finally, based on the obtained results, the mentoring model was designed in order to improve human resources activities.
Conclusion
The current research has been carried out with the aim of explaining and designing mentoring in order to improve human resources activities in the National Company of Southern Oil Regions. The results of this research corresponds with the results of Derex (2021), Bas et al, (2018), Ebrahimpour et al, (2021), Perasad et al, (2019), Mendez et al, (2017), Safdari & ghrone (2022), Deipite & Shalin (2017), Zarabi et al, (2018), Maghboli et al, (2019), Perasad et al, (2019), Safdari & Ghoroneh (2022), Daneshmand et al, (2018), Bass et al, (2018), Pourhossein (2018), Safdari & ghrone (2022), and Deipite & Shalin (2017). From the review of researchers' opinions, it is concluded that the necessary factors and infrastructures for the implementation of mentoring are: The structure of mentoring, determining the supervisor of mentoring implementation, training, creating a mentoring culture, mentoring evaluation, and service compensation. It can be concluded that, according to the background of the research and by studying the opinion of the researchers and by studying the researches, mentoring improves the activities of Human resources include: socialization of training and development, performance management, career path and succession, and preservation and maintenance of human resources.
According to the findings of the research, for the optimal use of human resources in planning in the field of mentoring evaluation, it is suggested:
- Due to the fact that the human resources activities in the National Company of Southern Oil-bearing Regions need to be improved and the use of management systems and attention to these activities will improve the human resources activities, and if human resource activities are performed well; the performance of human forces and human resources of the organization will improve, and the achievement of the organization's goals depends on the performance of its human resources, and the proper performance of the organization's human resources will make the organization's goals effective and efficient. It is recommended to use mentoring system in order to improve human resource activities.
Chagan Sag is one of the most significant tectonic unit in the Yin'e Basin. The special component of the organic macerals and biomarkers in the Chagan sag suggests great difference of its hydrocarbon generation process. In this paper, forty samples of source rocks are subjected to carry out on the geochemical characteristics by methods of rock-eval analysis, organic petrology and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to reveal the origin, depositional environment and maturity of organic matter in Chagan Sag, Yin'e Basin of Inner Mongolia. The total organic matter of the analyzed samples ranges from 0.4 wt%∼3.89 wt% with an average of 1.12 wt%, indicating fair to excellent hydrocarbon generation potential. The rock-eval results show that the S1+S2 and hydrocarbon index range from 0.03 mg/g∼16.34 mg/g (avg.3.6 mg/g) and 6.24–521.32 mg/g (avg. 199.63 mg/g), suggesting most of the kerogen types are type II and III, with small amount of type I. The Tmax ranges from 428 to 496 °C, suggesting low mature to mature stage. The macerals component of morphological macerals presents with certain amount of vitrinite, liptinite and some inertinite. However, the amorphous component takes the dominant part of the macerals with account of 50%–80%. The amorphous components are dominated by sapropelite in the source rock, indicating bacteriolytic amorphous promote the organic generation process. Hopanes and sterane are widely distributed in the source rocks. The biomarker results suggest a mix of planktonic-bacterial and higher plant origins, with wide range of thermal maturity and relatively reducing depositional environment. Abnormal high content of hopanes were observed in the biomarkers, and some special biomarkers such as monomethylalkanes, long-chain-alkyl naphthalenes, aromatized de A-triterpenes, 8,14-seco-triterpenes, and A, B-cyclostane are detected in Chagan Sag. The presence of these compounds suggests that bacterial and microorganisms are of great significance to the generation of hydrocarbon in the source rock in Chagan Sag.
The need to preserve the environment for future generations determines the importance of scientific research in the field of sustainable development. The concept of sustainable development, formulated by the UN in 1987, the sustainable development goals, formulated by 2015, determined the main parameters of the economic development of countries, regions, and companies. Formation of the ESG agenda (Environmental, Social, and Corporate Governance) made companies report specifically on sustainable development and invest in ESG, which suggests special preferences for investors to companies that comply with the principles of sustainable development; all this has resulted in new benchmarks in building and maintaining the reputation of companies. Goodwill characterizes the level of the company's reputation, it is known to business appraisers, but financial statements reflect it only under certain circumstances. Various types of goodwill are discussed (zoological, colored, external/internal), but the existing classifications of goodwill do not imply its functional varieties. In the context of the implementation of the ESG agenda, a new content of goodwill is also expected, it is necessary to identify new components of goodwill for their operational assessment and management. The purpose of this study is to substantiate the new content, new components of goodwill in the context of sustainable development and the implementation of the ESG agenda. In the course of the study, the main provisions of the concept of sustainable development and the ESG agenda, the theory of enterprise management, the theory of estimating the value of goodwill, intangible assets, set out in the works of famous Russian and foreign scientists were used. We analyzed the goals and objectives of sustainable development and the implementation of the ESG agenda; on the basis of a comparative analysis of definitions, the concepts of "brand", "image", "reputation", "business reputation", "goodwill" were differentiated. It was revealed that sustainability reporting currently determines the value of the company's business reputation, the value of goodwill. It is determined that only goodwill can testify to the successful business reputation of the company, can be evaluated and measured, and, accordingly, managed. As the main scientific result, we developed a new goodwill architecture called "House of ESG-goodwill" in the context of sustainable development and the implementation of the ESG agenda, which included basic types of goodwill (environmental goodwill, social goodwill and managerial goodwill), as well as digital goodwill and innovative goodwill "penetrating through the basic components of goodwill". The definition of a new composition, the content of goodwill will make it possible to more clearly define the goals and objectives of sustainable development, evaluate the components of goodwill and manage them. Directions for further research: development of principles for the formation of basic and "penetrating" types of goodwill in the context of sustainable development and the implementation of the ESG agenda, the formation of methods for differentiating types of goodwill and their evaluation.
The defence and security of Hungary is a national matter, on which the survival and development of the nation, the community and individual rights are based. It is a priority objective to enhance the security of the country and the nation and to fulfil Hungary's obligations in the international alliance system. In view of this, the continuous functioning of the State organisation, the performance of security and defence tasks and, if necessary, the restriction of citizens' rights within the constitutional framework must be ensured with adequate operational efficiency and in full compliance with the guarantees of the rule of law, even in the context of the peacetime and special legal order periods defined in Fundamental Law, and in the course of coordinated preparation and defence against various threats, harmful, influencing and offensive behaviour based on natural and civilizational events and human actions. The security challenges of the 21st century and the rapidly changing environment call for a new regulatory framework that can provide a flexible, transparent way in which defence and security system can operate in peacetime and in times of special legal order. A framework for the preparation of state bodies needs to be provided and measures along which the competent bodies can act in a period of special legal order need to be defined in detail, so that the country's functioning and its legal order can return to normal as soon as possible after the reason of the special legal order has been lifted. It is an important pillar of stability of a democratic state that the freely elected legislature, Parliament, determines the content and the form of cases in which it is possible to derogate from the general rules. There are different types of special status, so the concentration of power should be implemented only to the extent strictly necessary to resolve the situation, in accordance with the principle of proportionality. The institutions of special legal order are therefore institutions of a temporary and urgent nature which can be deployed as ultima ratio of state instruments in a situation of necessity, provided that their constitutional conditions are met.
The article is dedicated to the current problem connected with the improvement of Ukrainian language proficiency level of the specialists in the field of public administration. The author aims to outline and scientifically substantiate some ways to optimize the speech activity of future civil servants within the environment of a higher education institution. The author outlines the main ways of this process: to increase the requirements to the volume, content and structure of textbooks and manuals; to deepen connections of the Ukrainian language course with such disciplines as Rhetoric, Psychology and Ethics; to increase the volume of communicative tasks on professional topics; to rationalize the usage of e-learning platforms to meet the professional and communicative needs of the students. The article states that the teacher considers language as a means of linguistic and cultural identity tool as well as an instrument of the socio-political interaction in society. The interaction between students and teachers is the main requirement to all types of speech activity (listening, reading, speaking and writing) to be efficient. The analysis of linguodidactic, psychological, pedagogical and linguistic sources carried out by the author provided the theoretical basis of the research. In particular, the definitions of the terms «speech activity», «types of speech activity» have been given. The article also names the guiding principles that should be followed in the process of learning the Ukrainian language. A set of the prime methods of teaching the Ukrainian language to future civil servants in a higher education institution was selected according to a number of the outlined criteria. The author emphasizes the subjective aspect in the teacher's creative activity − the ability to choose and combine the best methods and techniques while teaching. A special place in the publication is given to the description of the structure and content of the educational and methodological complex of the discipline «Ukrainian (for Professional Purposes)» for bachelor-course students specialized in 281 «Public Management and Administration». The methods and techniques that have proven their effectiveness in the process of testing are listed. The obtained results prove the achievement of the research goal and allow us to outline its prospects.
<p>Dry–rewetting perturbations are natural disturbances in
the edaphic environment and particularly in dryland cultivation areas. The
interaction of this disturbance with glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) deserves special attention in the soil environment due to the
intensification of agricultural practices and the acceleration of climate
change with an intensified water cycle. The objective of this study was to
assess the response of microbial communities in a soil with a long history of GBHs to a secondary imposed perturbation (a single dry–rewetting event). A
factorial microcosm study was conducted to evaluate the potential
conditioning effect of an acute glyphosate exposure on the response to a
following dry–rewetting event. A respiratory quotient (RQ) based on an ecologically relevant substrate (<span class="inline-formula"><i>p</i></span>-coumaric acid) and basal respiration was
used as a physiological indicator. Similarly, DNA-based analyses were considered, including quantitative PCR (qPCR) of functional sensitive microbial groups linked to cycles of carbon (<i>Actinobacteria</i>) and nitrogen
(ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms), qPCR of total bacteria and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Significant effects of herbicide and of dry–rewetting perturbations were observed in the RQ and in the copy number of the <i>amoA</i> gene of AOB, respectively. However, no significant interaction was observed between them when analyzing
the physiological indicator and the copy number of the evaluated genes.
PCR–DGGE results were not conclusive regarding a potential effect of
dry–rewetting <span class="inline-formula">×</span> herbicide interaction on AOB community structure, suggesting further analysis by deep sequencing of the <i>amoA</i> gene. The results of this study indicate that the perturbation of an acute glyphosate exposure in a
soil with a long history of this herbicide does not have a conditioning effect on the response to a subsequent dry–rewetting disturbance according
to a physiological indicator or the quantified bacterial/archaeal genes.
This is particularly relevant for the sustainability of soils in rainfed
agriculture, where frequent exposure to GBHs along with intensification of
hydrological cycles are expected to occur. Further studies considering
multiple dry–rewetting disturbances and in different soil types should be
conducted to simulate those conditions and to validate our results.</p>
Since The Limits to Growth study in 1972 scores of studies have concluded that, without a dramatic reduction
in human numbers and per-capita consumption and thus ecosystem destruction, and absent concomitant
transformation of technological, economic, political, and value systems, widespread collapse of Earth’s
socioecological systems will commence and accelerate during the 21st century. Although apocalyptic end-of-theworld-as-we-know-it expectations are historically longstanding and typically entangled with religious beliefs such
expectations are now firmly grounded in the sciences. The apocalyptic imagination, whether traditionally religious
or fueled by science typically avers that after the envisioned cataclysm a better existence is possible (if not certain),
at least for the survivors (who are sometimes assumed to be the religiously devout). Science-based apocalypticism,
however, increasingly projects an utterly bleak, biologically and socially impoverished future. Nevertheless, it
remains possible that apocalyptic sciences and the imaginaries they have kindled, including as expressed by
environmental humanities scholars and amplified by the voices (speaking metaphorically) of Earth’s suffering
organisms and ecosystems, will precipitate a new era of cooperation and innovation and thus, not only avert
widespread socioecological collapse, but kindle ecotopian visions futures.
Environmental protection, Special types of environment
George Koutitas, Varun Kumar Siddaraju, Vangelis Metsis
This article presents a novel methodology for predicting wireless signal propagation using ray-tracing algorithms, and visualizing signal variations in situ by leveraging Augmented Reality (AR) tools. The proposed system performs a special type of spatial mapping, capable of converting a scanned indoor environment to a vector facet model. A ray-tracing algorithm uses the facet model for wireless signal predictions. Finally, an AR application overlays the signal strength predictions on the physical space in the form of holograms. Although some indoor reconstruction models have already been developed, this paper proposes an image to a facet algorithm for indoor reconstruction and compares its performance with existing AR algorithms, such as spatial understanding that are modified to create the required facet models. In addition, the paper orchestrates AR and ray-tracing techniques to provide an in situ network visualization interface. It is shown that the accuracy of the derived facet models is acceptable, and the overall signal predictions are not significantly affected by any potential inaccuracies of the indoor reconstruction. With the expected increase of densely deployed indoor 5G networks, it is believed that these types of AR applications for network visualization will play a key role in the successful planning of 5G networks.
Abstract: The purpose: Find out actions, causes, and efforts to resolve bullying in SDN A and SDN B. Techniques for collecting data were observation, interviews, and document studies. The results: (1) the form of bullying is categorized into 3 types are physical, verbal and relational bullying, (2) causes of bullying: negative effects of the home environment, students feel powerful and feared in class, jealous of other students, and lack of empathy for students with special needs, (3) efforts: teachers approach the students involved in bullying, put up placards about prohibiting acts of bullying, and collaborate with Babinkamtibmas and the Social Service.
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui tindak, penyebab, dan upaya mengatasi perundungan di SDN A dan SDN B. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumen. Hasil penelitian (1) bentuk perundungan dikategorikan menjadi tiga jenis perundungan, yaitu perundungan fisik, verbal, dan relasional, (2) penyebab perundungan pengaruh negatif dari lingkungan rumah, siswa merasa berkuasa dan ditakuti di kelas, siswa merasa iri dengan siswa lain, dan kurangnya empati terhadap siswa berkebutuhan khusus, (3) upaya: guru melakukan pendekatan kepada siswa yang terlibat perundungan, memasang plakat tentang larangan melakukan tindak perundungan, dan melakukan kerjasama dengan Babinkamtibmas dan Dinas Sosial untuk mengatasi tindak perundungan yang terjadi.
The present article focuses on studying metacommunication as a multi-dimensional self-reconfiguration endless symbolic process and its mechanisms of realising and optimising dynamic speech influence in German dialogue discourse within the anthropocentric framework of pragmalinguistics. Special emphasis has been laid on revealing the functional nature of metacommunication as phatic communication and as communication about communication, sustainably enhancing speech impact in a dialogue discourse environment. On the methodological basis of contextual, intentional, speech act and discursive implicature analyses the authors determine and define speech means that prove to be conducive to interlocutors’ succeeding in speech acts as perlocutionary optimisers. The research material is represented by fragments of the dialogue discourse containing such tools of perlocutionary optimisation, collected by continuous sampling from German works of literature, where characters’ speech is close to day-to-day conversational communication. The procedure of the given research comprised the analysis of discursive fragments in which the realisation of speech acts of various illocutionary types (potentially) results in communicative failures followed by studying metacommunicative utterances produced by the speaker to correct (or to prevent) the undesirable effects of his/her (potential) unsuccessful speech acts as perlocutionary optimisers. Realising the metacommunicative contactive speech act, they solve two blocks of tasks that contribute to the effective implementation of speech impact in the discourse: technically ensuring the uninterrupted flow of communication and additional intensifying the intended speech influence on the interlocutor, which is referred to as perlocutionary intensification. Based on this, the article offers a brief overview of the main technical tasks of perlocutionary optimisers, as well as a detailed analysis of the pragma-discursive features of perlocutionary intensifiers, namely: determining the way of their discursive realisation; distinguishing their pragmatic types depending on the object of influence; substantiating their position relative to other speech acts in verbal interaction, and describing the relevant situations of their functioning in the contemporary German dialogue discourse.
The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the main tasks of the Russian industrial policy at the beginning of the XXI century and at the present stage. Special attention in the research process was paid to the conceptual basis of the national industrial policy, which determined the formation of key guidelines for the development of enterprises and industries. It also highlights the goals, directions and tools for the implementation of industrial policy. The results allow us to conclude that industrial policy in the early 2000s. was caused by the main problems of the industrial sector of the country related to systemic deficiencies in the economic environment and focused on state support of enterprises, independent development of industry without coordinating strategic priorities with the socio-economic development of the country, and also focusing on creating greenhouse conditions for national producers, which led to inefficient management and use of resources, as well as the inability to compete enterprises in world markets. Now the task of industrial policy in Russia lies in the selective formation and improvement of the competitiveness of certain types of industrial activity and products in the domestic and foreign markets based on the transition to a qualitatively new - innovative - development model.
Plasma membranes are complex entities common to all living cells. The basic principle of their organization appears very simple, but they are actually of high complexity and represent very dynamic structures. The interactions between bioactive molecules and lipids are important for numerous processes, from drug bioavailability to viral fusion. The cell membrane is a carefully balanced environment and any change inflicted upon its structure by a bioactive molecule must be considered in conjunction with the overall effect that this may have on the function and integrity of the membrane. Conceptually, understanding the molecular mechanisms by which bioactive molecules interact with cell membranes is of fundamental importance. Lipid specificity is a key factor for the detailed understanding of the penetration and/or activity of lipid-interacting molecules and of mechanisms of some diseases. Further investigation in that way should improve drug discovery and development of membrane-active molecules in many domains such as health, plant protection or microbiology. In this review, we will present complementary biophysical approaches that can give information about lipid specificity at a molecular point of view. Examples of application will be given for different molecule types, from biomolecules to pharmacological drugs. A special emphasis is given to cyclic lipopeptides since they are interesting molecules in the scope of this review by combining a peptidic moiety and a lipidic tail and by exerting their activity via specific interactions with the plasma membrane.