Hasil untuk "Special aspects of education"

W. Zoghbi, John B Chambers, J. G. Dumesnil et al.

D. Coutu

Bojan Obrenovic, Xiaochuan Gu, Guoyu Wang et al.

Sean Savage, N. Sanjay Rebello

Analyzing students' written solutions to physics questions is a major area in PER. However, gauging student understanding in college courses is bottlenecked by large class sizes, which limits assessments to a multiple-choice (MC) format for ease of grading. Although sufficient in quantifying scientifically correct conceptions, MC assessments do not uncover students' deeper ways of understanding physics. Large language models (LLMs) offer a promising approach for assessing students' written responses at scale. Our study used an LLM, validated by human graders, to classify students' written explanations to three questions on the Energy and Momentum Conceptual Survey as correct or incorrect, and organized students' incorrect explanations into emergent categories. We found that the LLM (GPT-4o) can fairly assess students' explanations, comparable to human graders (0-3% discrepancy). Furthermore, the categories of incorrect explanations were different from corresponding MC distractors, allowing for different and deeper conceptions to become accessible to educators.

Sasa Maric, Sonja Maric, Lana Maric

The AI revolution is gathering momentum at an unprecedented rate. Over the past decade, we have witnessed a seemingly inevitable integration of AI in every facet of our lives. Much has been written about the potential revolutionary impact of AI in education. AI has the potential to completely revolutionise the educational landscape as we could see entire courses and degrees developed by programs such as ChatGPT. AI has the potential to develop courses, set assignments, grade and provide feedback to students much faster than a team of teachers. In addition, because of its dynamic nature, it has the potential to continuously improve its content. In certain fields such as computer science, where technology is continuously evolving, AI based applications can provide dynamically changing, relevant material to students. AI has the potential to replace entire degrees and may challenge the concept of higher education institutions. We could also see entire new disciplines emerge as a consequence of AI. This paper examines the practical impact of ChatGPT and why it is believed that its implementation is a critical step towards a new era of education. We investigate the impact that ChatGPT will have on learning, problem solving skills and cognitive ability of students. We examine the positives, negatives and many other aspects of AI and its applications throughout this paper.

Meina Zhu, Lanyu Xu, Barbara Ericson

Given the increasing demands in computer programming education and the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), LLMs play a critical role in programming education. This study provides a systematic review of selected empirical studies on LLMs in computer programming education, published from 2023 to March 2024. The data for this review were collected from Web of Science (SCI/SSCI), SCOPUS, and EBSCOhost databases, as well as three conference proceedings specialized in computer programming education. In total, 42 studies met the selection criteria and were reviewed using methods, including bibliometric analysis, thematic analysis, and structural topic modeling. This study offers an overview of the current state of LLMs in computer programming education research. It outlines LLMs' applications, benefits, limitations, concerns, and implications for future research and practices, establishing connections between LLMs and their practical use in computer programming education. This review also provides examples and valuable insights for instructional designers, instructors, and learners. Additionally, a conceptual framework is proposed to guide education practitioners in integrating LLMs into computer programming education. This study suggests future research directions from various perspectives, emphasizing the need to expand research methods and topics in computer programming education as LLMs evolve. Additionally, future research in the field should incorporate collaborative, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary efforts on a large scale, focusing on longitudinal research and development initiatives.

Margarida Romero

This chapter addresses the citizenship challenges related to AI in education, particularly concerning students, teachers, and other educational stakeholders in the context of AI integration. We first explore how to foster AI awareness and education, along with various strategies to promote a socio-critical approach to AI training, aiming to identify relevant and ethical uses to prioritise. In the second part, we discuss critical thinking and computational thinking skills that can be mobilised within certain AI-supported educational activities, depending on the degree of creative and transformative engagement those activities require.

Balint Varga, Lars Fischer, Levente Kovacs

This paper presents a personalized lecture concept using educational blocks and its demonstrative application in a new university lecture. Higher education faces daily challenges: deep and specialized knowledge is available from everywhere and accessible to almost everyone. University lecturers of specialized master courses confront the problem that their lectures are either too boring or too complex for the attending students. Additionally, curricula are changing more rapidly than they have in the past 10-30 years. The German education system comprises different educational forms, with universities providing less practical content. Consequently, many university students do not obtain the practical skills they should ideally gain through university lectures. Therefore, in this work, a new lecture concept is proposed based on the extension of the just-in-time teaching paradigm: Personalized and Demand-Based Education. This concept includes: 1) an initial assessment of students' backgrounds, 2) selecting the appropriate educational blocks, and 3) collecting ongoing feedback during the semester. The feedback was gathered via Pingo, ensuring anonymity for the students. Our concept was exemplarily tested in the new lecture "Practical Tools for Control Engineers" at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. The initial results indicate that our proposed concept could be beneficial in addressing the current challenges in higher education.

Eman Sharara, C. Akik, H. Ghattas et al.

BackgroundPhysical inactivity is associated with excess weight and adverse health outcomes. We synthesize the evidence on physical inactivity and its social determinants in Arab countries, with special attention to gender and cultural context.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Popline, and SSCI for articles published between 2000 and 2016, assessing the prevalence of physical inactivity and its social determinants. We also included national survey reports on physical activity, and searched for analyses of the social context of physical activity.ResultsWe found 172 articles meeting inclusion criteria. Standardized data are available from surveys by the World Health Organization for almost all countries, but journal articles show great variability in definitions, measurements and methodology. Prevalence of inactivity among adults and children/adolescents is high across countries, and is higher among women. Some determinants of physical inactivity in the region (age, gender, low education) are shared with other regions, but specific aspects of the cultural context of the region seem particularly discouraging of physical activity. We draw on social science studies to gain insights into why this is so.ConclusionsPhysical inactivity among Arab adults and children/adolescents is high. Studies using harmonized approaches, rigorous analytic techniques and a deeper examination of context are needed to design appropriate interventions.

Anike A Arnaud, Carmen Fernandez

O conteúdo de oxirredução envolve reações biológicas e com metais, fundamentais para a sociedade contemporânea. Devido a isso, os documentos curriculares brasileiros têm definido competências e habilidades associadas ao conteúdo a serem desenvolvidas na educação básica. Além disso, a literatura sobre o ensino da oxirredução explica que existem quatro modelos didáticos que podem ser utilizados na definição e abordagem do conteúdo, o modelo de oxigênio, de hidrogênio, de transferência eletrônica e o modelo de número de oxidação. No entanto, alternar entre modelos sem fornecer uma justificativa pode levar à confusão conceitual e ao desenvolvimento de concepções alternativas. De acordo com esse contexto, realizou-se uma análise de texto qualitativa temática em livros didáticos de ciências da natureza do objeto II do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD) 2021, buscando identificar quais modelos redox são utilizados na apresentação do conteúdo. A análise revelou que o modelo de transferência de elétrons é o mais presente, muitas vezes sobrepondo-se ao modelo de número de oxidação, embora alguns autores apontem a inconsistência dessa sobreposição. O modelo de número de oxidação não é utilizado para descrever uma reação redox, embora seja o mais empregado no balanceamento das reações redox. Além disso, discute-se o modelo de número de oxidação como o mais adequado para o ensino das reações redox, embora essa relação não seja estabelecida nos livros didáticos analisados. Portanto, concluiu-se sobre a influência do uso desses modelos nas dificuldades dos alunos, bem como sobre a necessidade de se estabelecer limites e justificativas para a utilização dos modelos e o uso do modelo de número de oxidação no ensino dessas reações.

Soumana C. Nasser, Roy Kanbar, Imad F. Btaiche et al.

Abstract Background The integration of Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) within the professional pharmacy program, contributes to assessing the readiness of pharmacy students for Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences (APPEs) and real-world practice. Methods In a study conducted at an Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE)-accredited Doctor of Pharmacy professional degree program, 69 students in their second professional year (P2) were engaged in OSCEs. These comprised 3 stations: best possible medication history, patient education, and healthcare provider communication. These stations were aligned with Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) and Ability Statements (AS). The assessment aimed to evaluate pharmacy students’ competencies in key areas such as ethical and legal behaviors, general communication skills, and interprofessional collaboration. Results The formulation of the OSCE stations highlighted the importance of aligning the learning objectives of the different stations with EPAs and AS. The evaluation of students’ ethical and legal behaviors, the interprofessional general communication, and collaboration showed average scores of 82.6%, 88.3%, 89.3%, respectively. Student performance on communication-related statements exceeded 80% in all 3 stations. A significant difference (p < 0.0001) was found between the scores of the observer and the SP evaluator in stations 1 and 2 while comparable results (p = 0.426) were shown between the observer and the HCP evaluator in station 3. Additionally, a discrepancy among the observers’ assessments was detected across the 3 stations. The study shed light on challenges encountered during OSCEs implementation, including faculty involvement, resource constraints, and the necessity for consistent evaluation criteria. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of refining OSCEs to align with EPAs and AS, ensuring a reliable assessment of pharmacy students’ clinical competencies and their preparedness for professional practice. It emphasizes the ongoing efforts needed to enhance the structure, content, and delivery of OSCEs in pharmacy education. The findings serve as a catalyst for addressing identified challenges and advancing the effectiveness of OSCEs in accurately evaluating students’ clinical readiness.

Purwoko Haryadi Santoso, Bayu Setiaji, Wahyudi et al.

The force concept inventory (FCI) is one of the research-based assessments (RBAs) established by the physics education research (PER) community to measure students' understanding of Newtonian mechanics. Former works have often recorded the notion of gendered mean FCI scores favoring male students notably in the North America (NA) based studies. Nevertheless, these performance gaps remain inconclusive and unexplored outside the NA context. This paper aims to fill this gap by meta-analyzing the mean FCI scores between gender based on the existing PER literature beyond the NA context. We analyzed the magnitude and direction on the mean FCI scores between gender on the basis of primary international studies published over the last two decades. We also explored the moderating impact of international study characteristics on the meta-analytic findings by performing a subgroup analysis to study the different study regions stratified by two subgroups (NA vs non-NA authors). Thirty-eight studies reporting the mean FCI scores by gender were included in the present meta-analysis. We employed Hedges' g statistic to estimate to what degree the mean FCI scores may be different between male and female students on each study. Under a random effects model, we meta-analyzed the findings and conducted a subgroup analysis to answer the research questions. In summary, our meta-analysis indicated a significantly positive and moderate amount of gendered mean FCI scores in favor of male students both in NA- and non-NA based regions, and the performance gaps were wider in the NA-based studies. Suggestions are discussed for promoting gender fairness in the FCI when interpreting its scores for teaching, learning, and forthcoming studies.

Masoumeh Rostami-Moez, S. Masoumi, Marzieh Otogara et al.

Menopause is one the most crucial stages in a female’s life. Identifying the education gaps regarding menopause is important, thus this study aims to explain the health-related needs of females during menopause. Scopus, PubMed, Scientific Information Database, and Web of Science databases were searched for the available observational (cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional), systematic review, meta-analysis, and clinical trial studies (2007–2021) using keywords, such as ‘Educational Needs Assessment,’ ‘Assessment of Healthcare Needs,’ ‘menopause,’ ‘climacteric,’ ‘premenopause,’ and ‘postmenopause.’ A total of 180 out of 5,705 papers were evaluated after considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The educational needs of females during menopause in the reviewed studies include osteoporosis, oral and dental problems, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, lung diseases, infectious diseases, musculoskeletal problems, urinary problems, breast cancer, defecation problems, genital disorders, special diseases such as eye diseases and hypothyroidism and hormone therapy, mental disorders, cognitive function, sleep disorders, sexual disorders, physical activity, supplement consumption, public health issues, health education, fall, and nutrition. The study results reveal that females during postmenopause require training, counseling, and support in all aspects to get through this challenging time, and providing these services, infrastructure, appropriate policy, and the use and support of the medical team’s capacity are all required.

Hirohisa Fujikawa, Daisuke Son, Mikio Hayashi et al.

Abstract Background Ambiguity is inherent to the medical field; hence, assessing and educating medical trainees regarding ambiguity tolerance is essential. The Tolerance of Ambiguity in Medical Students and Doctors (TAMSAD) scale—a novel instrument that assesses ambiguity tolerance in clinical settings—has been widely used for medical education research in Western countries. However, a version of this scale applicable to the intricate clinical contexts of Japan has not yet been developed. In this study, we developed the Japanese version of the TAMSAD (J-TAMSAD) scale and tested its psychometric properties. Methods In this multicenter study, we collected data through a cross-sectional survey in two universities (medical students) and ten hospitals (residents) across Japan, and evaluated the structural validity, criterion-related validity, and internal consistency reliability of the J-TAMSAD scale. Results We analyzed the data of 247 participants. The sample was randomly divided in half, with exploratory factor analysis (EFA) performed on one half and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the other. EFA led to an 18-item J-TAMSAD scale comprising five factors. CFA showed acceptable fit for this five-factor model (comparative fit index = 0.900, root mean square error of approximation = 0.050, standardized root mean square residual = 0.069, goodness of fit index = 0.987). There was a positive correlation between the J-TAMSAD scale scores and total reverse scores on the Japanese version of the Short Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.41). The internal consistency was found to be satisfactory (Cronbach’s alpha 0.70). Conclusions The J-TAMSAD scale was developed, and its psychometric properties were confirmed. The instrument can be useful for assessing tolerance of ambiguity among medical trainees in Japan. With further validation, it could be used to verify the educational effectiveness of curricula that foster ambiguity tolerance in medical trainees, or even in research assessing the relationship with other variables.

Claudia Raquel Screpnik, Javier Cabrera Mejia , Francisca Negre Bennasar et al.

En la actualidad, uno de los principales retos para los docentes e instituciones educativas es contar con recursos digitales que fomenten la inclusión en el aula. Con el objetivo de identificar los avances en la creación de recursos educativos digitales para la enseñanza de las matemáticas, se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de estudios publicados en español e inglés entre 2018 y 2022, consultando bases de datos como Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, IEEE y PsycINFO. Para realizar este trabajo, se siguieron los lineamientos de la declaración PRISMA (Ouzzani et al., 2016; Page et al., 2021), así como los pasos propuestos por Sánchez-Meca (2022) y las recomendaciones de Marín (2022). Se identificaron las características utilizadas en los recursos digitales y se extrajeron inferencias para proponer principios rectores en la creación de videojuegos educativos enfocados en la enseñanza de las matemáticas. Además, se evaluaron los resultados obtenidos en dichas experiencias y se encontraron evidencias que respaldan el uso de estos recursos digitales, aunque los autores reconocen las limitaciones de su trabajo. Tras la lectura y análisis de los estudios, se destacan ciertos elementos que deben ser considerados en el diseño de estos recursos digitales para garantizar el éxito en su implementación como estrategias didácticas en la enseñanza de las matemáticas.

Selma Dündar-Coecke, Lia Yeh, Caterina Puca et al.

Quantum theory is often regarded as challenging to learn and teach, with advanced mathematical prerequisites ranging from complex numbers and probability theory to matrix multiplication, vector space algebra and symbolic manipulation within the Hilbert space formalism. It is traditionally considered an advanced undergraduate or graduate-level subject. In this work, we challenge the conventional view by proposing "Quantum Picturalism" as a new approach to teaching the fundamental concepts of quantum theory and computation. We establish the foundations and methodology for an ongoing educational experiment to investigate the question "From what age can students learn quantum theory if taught using a diagrammatic approach?". We anticipate that the primary benefit of leveraging such a diagrammatic approach, which is conceptually intuitive yet mathematically rigorous, will be eliminating some of the most daunting barriers to teaching and learning this subject while enabling young learners to reason proficiently about high-level problems. We posit that transitioning from symbolic presentations to pictorial ones will increase the appeal of STEM education, attracting more diverse audience.

Maria Violaris

Thought experiments are where logical reasoning meets storytelling, catalysing progress in quantum science and technology. Schrödinger's famous cat brought quantum science to the public consciousness, while Deutsch's thought experiment to test the many-worlds and Copenhagen interpretations involved the first conception of a quantum computer. I will show how presenting thought experiments using quantum circuits can demystify apparent quantum paradoxes, and provide fun, conceptually important activities for learners to implement themselves on near-term quantum devices. Additionally, I will explain how thought experiments can be used as a first introduction to quantum, and outline a workshop based on the "quantum bomb tester" for school students as young as 11. This paper draws upon my experience in developing and delivering quantum computing workshops in Oxford, and in creating a quantum paradoxes content series with IBM Quantum of videos, blogs and code tutorials.

Bihong Huang, Peter J. Morgan

Elis Nurhayati, Dessy Afriyani, Citra Kusuma Dewi

The purpose of this study was to describe the management of the Tahfidz Al-Qur'an Ma'had Al-jami'ah STIT program in Bekasi Regency. The research method used is a qualitative research in the form of descriptive evaluation, namely an evaluation evaluation that identifies educational values or practices by collecting information and analyzing data systematically. Based on the results of the study, the management of the Tahfidz Al-Qur'an Ma'had Al-jami'ah STIT Bekasi Regency program includes program planning, program implementation and program control. The planning stage begins with deliberation or meetings between supervisors, setting the planned goals, formulating methods, and implementing the implemented strategies. The implementation of the tahfidz program is carried out by determining the time and place of program implementation, the stages of program activities which include coordination with related parties and orientation between the committee, supervisors and tutors, as well as orientation among students participating in tahfidz Al Qur'an. And the system and pattern of program implementation which includes the person in charge, supervisor, examiner, and participants. The control of the tahfidz program is carried out by directing the students who are carried out after the planning and implementation are determined.

Nelli Ujhelyi

The largest population movement in the history of Europe since the Second World War has been the migration process of recent years, which also appeared in Hungary in 2015. The significant demographic movement has resulted in important social reactions and has developed different narratives in the civil and also in the power fields. In Hungary, the refugee issue has become a decisive topic of political discourse since 2015, and the party coalition was among the first in Europe to represent the security policy. As a result, the refugees appeared as a source of danger, so the government has rejected them. In spite of this, the grassroots volunteer groups were organized in the civil sphere, who helped the refugee masses passing through Hungary in 2015. This paper analyses a very brief but very intense manifestation of Hungarian civil society involvement as a social response to current conflicts. We will look at how the 2015 migration wave grassroots crisis management took place in Debrecen. This cultural anthropological research is based on online and offline participatory observations and semi-structured interviews and informal conversations with volunteers who helped refugees in Debrecen. This study focuses on the motivations, attitudes, social responsibility of volunteers and their voluntary activity embedded in broader socio-political conditions. The first part of the article shows the formation and operational peculiarities of solidarity philanthropic organization with refugees in Debrecen. Then follows the individual aspects of volunteering. Finally, it will be discussed the socio-political context of the civil voluntary movement, the political interpretations of refugee assistance, and its impact on volunteering. With outlining a segment of the contemporary volunteer phenomenon we can get closer to provide a framework for understanding the possibilities of the recent civil sphere.