Hasil untuk "Religion (General)"

Ivan E. Kharchenko

Background. Narcissistic personality disorders represent a complex pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy, masking a fragile and vulnerable self. Therapy of patients with narcissistic personality traits is associated with technical difficulties and specific factors of process and outcome. One of the key focuses in the psychotherapy of narcissism is working through the defects of self-concept. However, there is a clear lack of systematic studies on the dynamics of the narcissistic self in the process of therapy. Conceptualization of regular transformations of self-concept in individuals with narcissistic personality traits under the influence of psychotherapy will allow differentiating targets and strategies of therapeutic work, predicting crises and evaluating intermediate results. Purpose – to develop theoretical and methodological foundations for an empirical study of the dynamics of self-concept in the process of psychotherapy of persons with narcissistic personality disorders. Materials and methods. Theoretical and methodological analysis of the concepts of narcissism, models of self-concept, ideas about the dynamics of self in therapy. Systematization, generalization and operationalization of theoretical constructs for building the methodology of empirical research. Results. The specificity of the self-concept of persons with narcissistic personality traits, its polar structure, and conflicting dynamics of self-modalities are theoretically substantiated and described. The main directions and mechanisms of changing the narcissistic self in the process of therapy are considered: destruction of grandiosity, acceptance of the vulnerable self, achievement of self-cohesion. A plan for an empirical study of the dynamics of self-concept of narcissistic patients in the process of undergoing psychoanalytic therapy is presented, including a description of the design, stages, methods and hypothetical results of the work. EDN: NBMAPR

Bahram Mashhoon

In certain general relativistic time-dependent gravitational fields, free test particles can asymptotically line up relative to fiducial static observers and produce a cosmic jet whose speed approaches the speed of light. Two scenarios for the formation of these purely gravitational jets have thus far been theoretically demonstrated: the double-jet collapse scenario and the wave scenario that involves both a cosmic jet in the general direction of wave propagation as well as a counterjet in the opposite direction. These scenarios are briefly reviewed in this paper. Moreover, to elucidate the process of jet formation in these scenarios, we study the propagation of scalar fields in related gravitational fields in connection with the correspondence between the scalar wave perturbations and the motion of free test particles and null rays.

Adriana M. Brodsky

Lenart Škof

This essay is an attempt to propose an outline of a new respiratory animal philosophy. Based on an analysis of the forgetting of breath in Western philosophy, it aims to gesture towards a future, breathful and compassionate world of co-sharing and co-breathing. In the first part, the basic features of forgetting of breath are explained based on David Abram’s work in respiratory ecophilosophy. This part also introduces an important contribution to modern philosophy by Ludwig Klages. The second part is dedicated to reflections on what I understand as an unfortunate transition from soul and pneuma to spirit and Geist. Based on these analyses, I proceed towards an idiosyncratic thought on the nocturnal mystery of pneuma, with references to ancient Upanishadic and 20th-century phenomenological Levinasian thought. Based on these teachings, I argue that, at the bottom of her existence, the subject is a lung partaking in an immense external lung (Merleau-Ponty). In the fourth part of the essay, I extend my reflections toward comparative animal respiratory phenomenology and argue for the immense compassion for all our fellow breathing beings. Finally, in the concluding, fifth part of this essay, I am arguing for a future biocentric and breathful environment, signifying and bringing a new compassionate-respiratory alliance into the world.

Marta GIL

En este artículo se presenta la evaluación eudaimonista como una articulación entre el agente y los objetos del mundo. Sostendremos que, gracias a esta noción, la teoría de las emociones de Nussbaum es adecuada para dar cuenta de la función adaptativa de las emociones, por lo que las teorías no cognitivas no resultarían superiores en este aspecto. Esta noción serviría, asimismo, para no dejar de lado los aspectos cognitivos de la emoción. Veremos cómo las ideas de Nussbaum se basan en las de las teorías evaluativas provenientes de la psicología, para después desplegar su propuesta en detalle. En la exposición, también trataremos otras cuestiones, entre ellas, la racionalidad de las emociones, la relación entre éstas y el florecimiento humano, o la vinculación de las mismas con nuestra condición vulnerable.

An Wang, Mobarakol Islam, Mengya Xu et al.

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) serves as a fundamental model for semantic segmentation and demonstrates remarkable generalization capabilities across a wide range of downstream scenarios. In this empirical study, we examine SAM's robustness and zero-shot generalizability in the field of robotic surgery. We comprehensively explore different scenarios, including prompted and unprompted situations, bounding box and points-based prompt approaches, as well as the ability to generalize under corruptions and perturbations at five severity levels. Additionally, we compare the performance of SAM with state-of-the-art supervised models. We conduct all the experiments with two well-known robotic instrument segmentation datasets from MICCAI EndoVis 2017 and 2018 challenges. Our extensive evaluation results reveal that although SAM shows remarkable zero-shot generalization ability with bounding box prompts, it struggles to segment the whole instrument with point-based prompts and unprompted settings. Furthermore, our qualitative figures demonstrate that the model either failed to predict certain parts of the instrument mask (e.g., jaws, wrist) or predicted parts of the instrument as wrong classes in the scenario of overlapping instruments within the same bounding box or with the point-based prompt. In fact, SAM struggles to identify instruments in complex surgical scenarios characterized by the presence of blood, reflection, blur, and shade. Additionally, SAM is insufficiently robust to maintain high performance when subjected to various forms of data corruption. We also attempt to fine-tune SAM using Low-rank Adaptation (LoRA) and propose SurgicalSAM, which shows the capability in class-wise mask prediction without prompt. Therefore, we can argue that, without further domain-specific fine-tuning, SAM is not ready for downstream surgical tasks.

Noza Aflisia, Afrial Afrial, Asri Karolina

Not infrequently humans ignore the obligations that have been imposed on them. Assuming obligations are just routine. In this paper, the author describes the concept of human obligations, and the implications of human obligations that Allah has determined in the Quran and Hadith for Islamic education. This research is library research by reviewing and analyzing the verses of the Quran, hadith, books, proceeding, and journals related to the concept of human obligation and its implications for Islamic education. The data collection technique is to review the data sources. The data obtained is then processed with data analysis techniques through the stages of analyzing the verses of the Quran and Hadith related to human obligations so as to find the concept of human obligations, understand and analyze the characteristics of Islamic education, analyze and find implications of the concept of human obligations towards Islamic education, and draw conclusions. Through this paper, it can be seen that humans have obligations to God, fellow humans, animals, and nature. To carry out all these human obligations, humans need direction and guidance from Islamic education which always encourages humans to fulfill their obligations properly according to what Islam wants, both in knowing Allah the Creator, forming noble character, and professionalism in managing nature.

Patrick Henz

Abstract The Metaverse is no revolution, but another step in the evolution of the internet. Today we can observe various 3D virtual worlds with different focuses and purposes, like meeting spaces, education, or classic gaming. Most of these applications run on computer or smart phone, some of these 3D platforms support virtual reality glasses, or even further wearables like haptic gloves. Nevertheless, the general interconnection of these platforms is still lacking. Due to this, user information, including avatars, cannot be reused for other applications. Even if the research company Gartner predicts that already “by 2026, 25% of the people will spend at least 1 h a day in the Metaverse for work, shopping, education, social and/or entertainment,” the vision still did not manifest yet. This gives society and academia time to start a productive discussion. The article wants to support this ambition by first discussing a potential definition of what the Metaverse will be, including different types for different purposes. After that this, the text predicts the arrival, including required circumstances, then later the expected psychologic impact of the expected scenarios on the regular users. As human psychology depends on experience, environment and, of course, the contact with other humans, such a scenario will have a relevant impact, up to a different understanding of reality, as people frictionless move from physical to virtual world, and even interact on complete different virtual worlds. Existing articles regarding the connections between online (like video games and social media) and offline behavior focused on particular cohorts. As the Metaverse will change work and private life, wide parts of society are voluntary and non-voluntary affected, which limits the possibility to transfer the insights from earlier scenarios to this topic. This article focuses on shifted Socialization, Roles, Perception, and the relating Humanization of Artificial Intelligence, as it enables the algorithm, consciously or subconsciously, to influence the human mind. Graphical Abstract

Taim A. Muayqil, Ghadah M. Alhaidari, Lamia A. Alkuwaiz et al.

Objectives: Arabs have a right-to-left language and engage in favoring of the right side or limb when implementing daily routine practices. The purpose of this research is to explore the effect this cultural attitude might have on pseudoneglect, by comparing with a southeast Asian sample that has a left-to-right language structure.Methods: Participants were from two separate ethnic groups (Arabs and Filipinos), residing in Saudi Arabia, healthy individals 18 years and above were allowed to volunteer in the study. The participants were recruited at King Saud University Medical City and the general community by both convenience and snowball sampling. Social demographic information such as gender, age, years of education, dominant hand, was also documented. The line bisection task (LBT) contained 36 randomly assorted lines of three different lengths placed at five different locations on a white sheet. The percent deviation score (PDS) was used to quantify pseudo-neglect. Tests of statistical significance including t-tests and mixed-effects regression were performed to determine if differences existed among different demographic variables or among line properties, respectively.Results: A total of 256 were enrolled (Arabs 52.3%). The overall PDS mean and standard deviation (SD) was −0.64 (2.87), p = 0.0004, which shows a significant leftward deviation in the entire cohort. PDS was −1.26 (2.68) in Filipinos, and −0.08 (2.94) in Arabs. The difference was statically significant (p < 0.0001). Mixed effects model showed positive changes in the PDS value as the length of the line increased (p < 0.0001) and as the line was more rightward placed (p < 0.0001). However, Filipino participants would still exhibit negative changes in the PDS value in comparison to Arabs (p < 0.0001); There were no significant associations between PDS and other factors such as age, years of education and gender.Conclusion: Differences found here between two distinct ethnic groups support the hypothesis that certain cultural aspects such as language direction and other cultural practices influence direction and degree of pseudo-neglect.

Anastasia N. Grishanina, Valeria V. Angel’cheva

The article is the result of a study of the significance of expert psychological information, as well as information of a socio-psychological plan for journalistic materials; the work was carried out by the editorial office of Gatchinskaya Pravda newspaper (Leningrad Oblast). Psychological information in the media as an object of linguistic research has not been studied previously, the novelty of the work lies in the psycho-linguistic обapproach to the study of the question and to attempt correlation comparative studies of the authors with the study of peculiarities of perception of media texts of the contemporary audience. The article deals with verbal forms of social and psychological information presentation in the media, mainly in journal publications as a form of dialogue or monologue with the reader on a certain topic; the reasons for the audience’s access to psychological information in a modern magazine and the intent of the demand for texts containing such information are studied. To do this, we first studied the level of readers’ awareness of the types and forms of media information, as well as the degree of demand for knowledge of a socio-psychological orientation. The main object of research is language markers of psychological information. The relevance of the topic is explained by the great interest of magazine readers, as shown by media ratings, to psychological information. As part of the study of modern psychological techniques of media influence, the authors analyzed the results of research by psychologists and psychiatrists, who state an increase in the level of anxiety in the current psychological and emotional state of people. Doctors associate the causes of some anxiety disorders with the consumption of media information, the imposition of advice, recommendations, and lifestyle at the angle of presentation as psychological information. The article describes the results of media research; it is noted that information of a socio-psychological plan plays an important role in shaping the audience’s worldview and has a socio-psychological impact on it. The features and types of this influence are considered; the results of surveys of magazine readers are given, since the magazine is one of the mass media that publishes analytical and informative materials. The authors make an attempt to explain a certain degree of obsession with psychological information to the reader in the media; they indicate the reasons identified in the course of research for this communicative psychological strategy, bordering on and sometimes directly related to the manipulative actions of the author or publisher.

L. V. Sharakhina, A. V. Ranchin

Introduction. The Russian higher education market in the sphere of Public Relations and Advertising is represented in the paper. The basic approach to the market is shaped by the vision on higher education in the frame of service paradigm. The need to analyze and implement professional communication activities while promoting university education organizations is stressed by the authors. A special attention is put to the necessity of professional communication technologies, such as branding, their application to universities, because it influence such institutions managerial efficiency, helps to systemize a share of their voice, and it is already the necessity for the present day society.Methodology and sources. Theoretical and methodological basis of the paper was composed by scientific works of Russian researchers in the field of university branding, brand-management, including papers on Russian Federation regional universities branding. Empirical study base was designed by materials of regional leading universities, which give higher education in PR and Advertising. Underlying rationale for defining the leadership were the following: number of state-funded student places; 1st year students’ unified national exam results; the dynamics of prospective students in PR and Advertising on tuition payment basis enrollment. Russian regions, the most of enrollees are coming from to Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University, were also unveiled. The elements of value-based branding platforms of departments responsible for Public Relations and Advertising education in regional leading higher education institutions are also brought in focus.Results and discussion. Empirical study revealed that PR and Advertising education departments of the universities studied did not fulfill their scientific and methodological potential in practice to the full extent. The education institutions examined in the research mostly communicate their objective quantitative indicators positioning Public Relations and Advertising education rather than core value messages. Thus it does not seem possible to typify these communication components as examples of branding process and brand element of university. It would help to structure the market share and influence positively on university promotion.Conclusion. Following the results of the study the authors conclude the necessity to apply communication technologies of brand development and brand management for structuring the market share and influencing positively on university promotion. It directly impacts on education institutions managerial efficiency and proves its relevance to modern society.

Mahmmoud Yagoubi, Fatahine Moussa

In this paper, we are trying to summarize the peak of achievement of the Arabian logicians of the fifteenth century by making a classification and sketching in familiar terms the conditional and subjunctive syllogisms in Muḥammad Ibn Yusūf al-SSinūsī’s (1426-1490) work, i.e. in his explanation of Kitāb al-Muḫtaşar fī al-Manṭiq of al-Imām Muḥammad Ibn ʿArafa (1316- 1401).

Esra Kılavuz Eser

Osmanlı şeyhülislamları hakkında yapılacak detaylı çalışmalar, Osmanlı hukukunun daha iyi anlaşılması ve yorumlanması için büyük önem arz etmektedir. 17. yüzyılda yaşayan Çatalcalı Ali Efendi hem 13 yıllık şeyhülislamlığı, hem de sonraki dönemde kendisine çokça başvurulan muteber fetvalarıyla dikkat çeken ve üzerinde çalışılması gereken isimlerdendir. Bu makalede Çatalcalı Ali Efendi’nin şimdiye dek tarih ve tabakât eserlerinden hareketle hazırlanmış en geniş biyografisine yer verilmektedir. Makalenin hedeflediği bir diğer husus; Çatalcalı Ali Efendi’nin verdiği fetvalardan oluşan Fetâvâ-yı Ali Efendi adlı eserin derleniş sürecini tespit etmek olup bunun için eserin yazma nüshalarındaki müstensih kayıtlarına başvurulmuştur. Son olarak Fetâvâ-yı Ali Efendi hakkında literatürde yer alan bilgiler tekrar gözden geçilmiş ve en isabetli verilere ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır.

Nedžad Grabus

Muslims and Christians share common values of belief in the One God. Theological foundations in Islam found in the Qur'an and Sunnah encourage Muslims to have a special respect for the Christian devotion and piety shown by priests in their beliefs. A special respect is shown to Mary, Jesus's mother, praise Jesus's ethical dimension and his prophetic wisdom. The Qur'an critically speaks of the Christians' belief in Jesus as a god and the worship of Isa /Jesus. The Qur'an also critically talks about the belief of Muslims who say they are believers but have only accepted formal Islamic teaching. Critical speech and aproach do not mean denying the concept of religiosity or faith in God. In this text, we are going to present theological foundations that support interreligious dialogue between Muslims and Christians.

P. G. Romeo, Sneha K K

In this paper we discuss generalized group, provides some interesting examples. Further we introduce a generalized module as a module like structure obtained from a generalized group and discuss some of its properties and we also describes generalized module groupoids.

Renata Jora

In general relativity the fermions are treated from the perspective of the gauged Lorentz group and by introducing the corresponding gauge fields the spin connection. This procedure is intimately related to the so-called "vielbein" formalism and stems from the general structure that can be associated to a manifold, the affine connection. In this work we derive the correct spin connection based only on the general covariance of the theory, on the gauged Lorentz symmetry and on the known space-time properties of fermion bilinears generalized to the curved space. Our result coincides exactly with the spin connection obtain through the tetrad formalism.

D. D. Amogolonova

The paper ‘Non-Christians in the Orthodox State: Buddhism in Late-Imperial Russia (Evidence from Buryatia)’ discusses the problem of relations between institutionalized Buddhism and the only state religion of the Empire - Russian Orthodoxy. Drawing evidence from various archival and scientific materials, the author examines the history of the competition between Orthodoxy and Buddhism in the late-imperial times on conditions of full support to the state religion on behalf of the state. The author argues that despite recourse to administrative resources, Orthodox clergy failed to achieve significant success in suppressing Buddhism in Transbaikalia. Moreover, despite wide-scale baptizing policy among Buryats, Buddhism found its way in the Prebaikalia areas inhabited by Buryats-shamanists who were the main object of Christianization. Buddhist leaders saw their task in preserving the Buddhist community and strengthening its positions in Russia. The mechanism for this was in the big adaptive ability of Buddhism that allowed it to get incorporated into the Russian political culture. In addition, according to an ancient tradition, the Buddhist clergy promoted upbringing of Buryats in the spirit of loyalty to the monarchy up to deification of the Tsars and their families.

Aida Carrillo, Cordelia Estévez, María Dolores Gómez-Medina

The family is the main context of socialization of the child, which favors the development of emotional skills. Therefore, the family plays an essential role in establishing the basis of the child’s identity, influencing the development of their self-concept and self-esteem (Lila and Marchetti, 1995). In this sense, it is the democratic style of parents (Ramírez-Lucas, Ferrando and Sainz, 2015) that correlates more than others with the level of emotional intelligence of their children during the first years of life. The objective is to describe the relationship between the different practices that make up the different perceived parental educational styles and the level of emotional intelligence in their children. The sample consisted of 249 students between 9 and 12 years old, 53.4% girls and 46.6% boys. The following variables were evaluated through the instruments described. Perceived parenting styles: Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ). Emotional Intelligence: BarOn ICE: NA Abbreviated (Bar-On, R.) We found significant positive correlations between the dimensions Maternal involvement, parental involvement and positive parenting related to the democratic parenting style and the dimensions of emotional intelligence, interpersonal skills, adaptability and positive impression in children, as well as with the level of general emotional intelligence of these. On the other hand, the dimensions of poor supervision, inconsistent discipline and severe discipline correlated negatively with the skills of interpersonal relationships, stress management and positive impression, as well as the total emotional intelligence score.

Joerg Frauendiener

The Sagnac effect can be described as the difference in travel time between two photons traveling along the same path in opposite directions. In this paper we explore the consequences of this characterisation in the context of General Relativity. We derive a general expression for this time difference in an arbitrary space-time for arbitrary paths. In general, this formula is not very useful since it involves solving a differential equation along the path. However, we also present special cases where a closed form expression for the time difference can be given. The main part of the paper deals with the discussion of the effect in a small neighbourhood of an arbitrarily moving observer in their arbitrarily rotating reference frame. We also discuss the special case of stationary space-times and point out the relationship between the Sagnac effect and Fizeau's "aether-drag" experiment.

J. F. da Rocha-Neto, B. R. Morais

In the context of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity the concept of gravitational pressure and gravitational energy-momentum arisen in a natural way. In the case of a Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker space FLRW we obtain the total energy contained inside the apparent horizon and the radial pressure over the apparent horizon area. We use these definitions to written a thermodynamics relation $T_{A}dS_{A} = dE_{A}+P_{A}dV_{A}$ at the apparent horizon, where $E_{A}$ is the total energy inside the apparent horizon, $V_{A}$ is the areal volume of the apparent horizon, $P_{A}$ is the radial pressure over the apparent horizon area, $S_{A}$ is the entropy which can be assumed as one quarter of the apparent horizon area only for a non stationary apparent horizon. We identify $T_{A}$ as the temperature at the surface of the apparent horizon. We shown that for all expanding accelerated FLRW model of universe the radial pressure is positive.