Society is undergoing rapid transformation, posing significant challenges to legal systems worldwide. A central aspect of this transformation is the development of artificial intelligence (AI). At the same time, the right to a healthy environment, guaranteed by the constitution worldwide, is a fundamental human right and concerns all citizens, because everyone affects the state of the environment. The authors in this paper, after introducing the concept of artificial intelligence itself, first deal with the current normative state of the art in this area, both at the level of international public law and at the level of domestic legal orders. After that, the importance of environmental protection, the legal framework for its protection, and the norms regarding the use of artificial intelligence in environmental protection are presented, with an appropriate conclusion.
This Trends article reviews recent scholarship (2020-2024) on the relationship between economic inequality and political participation. For decades, research has been guided by two dominant theories: Conflict Theory (CT), which posits that inequality stimulates political engagement, and Relative Power Theory (RPT), which conversely predicts that inequality depresses participation. Despite their prominence, empirical studies seeking to adjudicate between both theories have produced contradictory results. Synthesizing the recent literature, this article argues that such inconsistencies have prompted a shift away from assessing whether inequality uniformly increases (CT) or decreases (RPT) political participation. Instead, contemporary scholarship has turned to investigating the conditions under which inequality mobilizes or demobilizes citizens. Three major trends drive this reorientation: (1) the expansion of economic inequality measures beyond national-level income indicators to include finer-grained and subjective operationalizations; (2) the broadening of the concept of political participation beyond voter turnout to encompass diverse participatory behaviors; and (3) the growing examination of mediating and moderating variables that condition the inequalityparticipation relationship. Collectively, this article argues that these developments demonstrate that RPT and CT are best conceptualized as conditional rather than universal explanatory frameworks.
Fithriyyah Shalihati, Ujang Sumarwan, Hartoyo Hartoyo
et al.
Customer relationship management (CRM) has become a critical strategy for higher education institutions (HEIs) to enhance student engagement, institutional efficiency, and digital transformation. Despite its growing adoption, the evolution of CRM research in HEIs, including key contributors, dominant themes, and emerging trends, remains underexplored. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of Scopus-indexed publications (2014–2024) to map the intellectual landscape of CRM research in higher education. Using Biblioshiny with Bibliometrix version 4.0 and VOSviewer version 1.6.20, this study analyzes publication trends, influential authors and institutions, keyword networks, and thematic developments. The findings indicate a transition from early research on service quality and academic reputation to advanced themes such as AI-driven CRM strategies, multi-channel communication, and social media analytics. While the United Kingdom, India, and Indonesia emerge as leading contributors, gaps persist in cross-cultural CRM applications, the integration of emerging technologies, and the development of standardized evaluation frameworks. This study contributes to CRM scholarship by mapping research trajectories, identifying underexplored areas, and offering actionable insights for future studies. It highlights the expanding role of CRM beyond student engagement, encompassing education quality, labor market, employment growth, technological progress and AI-driven decision-making. These findings emphasize the need for interdisciplinary approaches and robust academic performance to maximize CRM’s strategic potential in higher education.
Political institutions and public administration (General)
This study provides an in-depth analysis of problems and policy proposals related to the Black Lives Matter (BLM) Movement in light of public administration (PA) theories. We examine the extant literature focusing on three PA paradigms: Classical, New Public Management (NPM), and Postmodernism (combined with New Public Administration—NPA). Based on a content analysis of BLM activists’ demands, Congressional bills, and resolutions, this study categorizes the problems and solutions according to the area of concern and PA paradigms. Results indicate that postmodern theories offer crucial lenses to understand BLM activists’ demands. However, Congressional bills and resolutions align more with Classical and NPM paradigms. We conclude that BLM policy proposals are more likely to be implemented if framed within NPM and “soft” postmodern perspectives. Similarly, policymakers and practitioners should know that the BLM movement reflects a postmodern approach. This study provides contributions that are relevant to both practitioners and academics.
Social Sciences, Political institutions and public administration (General)
Este artículo busca aportar a las deliberaciones sobre los campesinos como
sujetos de derecho diferenciados, que pretenden que estos sean considerados
como comunidades étnicas en igual proporción que los pueblos indígenas y las
comunidades negras. Esta pretensión puede realizarse, debido a que la
Declaración de las Naciones Unidas sobre Derechos de los Campesinos y de
Otras Personas que Trabajan en las Zonas Rurales impulsa esa posibilidad. A
esto se suma que la jurisprudencia de las altas cortes y los jueces
constitucionales han tendido paulatinamente a ese reconocimiento de diversidad
e identidad cultural. Así mismo, hace algún tiempo los académicos de las
distintas ciencias sociales han aportado desde sus reflexiones e investigaciones a
identificar el campesinado con sus respectivas cosmovisiones, lo cual es una
determinación esencial para la convivencia rural
El artículo toma como punto de partida acontecimientos de las campañas políticas más recientes para detallar el funcionamiento de las estructuras paralelas en el sistema de financiamiento electoral de Costa Rica. A través de tales ejemplos, se sintetizan las principales características de estos mecanismos, los rasgos que las convierten en estrategias contrarias al ordenamiento electoral, así como las implicaciones políticas y jurídicas que reflejan en el sistema de partidos en el país. Finalmente, se indican las pautas regulatorias que son propias y aplicables a este tipo de estructuras de financiamiento, las respuestas sancionatorias del ordenamiento y los puntos álgidos de la fase procedimental de investigación y sanción en el pleno desarrollo de la campaña electoral.
Law, Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence
Reduction of government spending and decline in the number of high school graduates accelerated university reforms in Japan. The reforms have serious impact on access, quality and financing of university education. The Japan’s experience in university reforms could be useful in several countries, including Russia.
This article is an attempt to demonstrate that the media policy of the PiS government after 2015 has had a systemic quality. It is aimed at altering the principles of how the media in Poland is organised and how it is functioning, which will facilitate the media’s instrumental exploitation in the government’s information policy. These findings emerge from a structured comparison based on the management theory of a classifier of goals with the concepts of public interest as a guideline of media policy as accepted in various forms of democracy and the corresponding media doctrines.
Objective: to study the Constitution as a stabilizing factor of social development.Methods: dialectical approach to the cognition of social phenomena that allows analyzing them in their historical development and functioning in the context of a set of objective and subjective factors, which determined the choice of the following research methods: formal-logical, comparative-legal, sociological.Results: the article attempts to comprehend the role of the Constitution as a stabilizing factor of social development. The reason for the theoretical analysis was the amendments to the text of the current Russian Constitution initiated by the President of the Russian Federation and approved by the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. The author proposes a threefold vision of the Constitution, recognizes the probable dissonance between the image of the Constitution in public opinion, the legal and actual (valid) Constitution, and focuses on those fundamental provisions of the Law of the Russian Federation on the amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation of 14 March 2020 No. 1-FKZ “On improving the regulation of certain issues of organization and functioning of public authorities”, which reveal the dynamic or static function of law. The Constitution in all its manifestations is conditioned by the statics and dynamics of political and legal life, and science is obliged to discover, again and again, the symbolic (linguistic) means of the harmonious and relatively stable development of the material and ideal.Scientific novelty: for the first time, the article analyzes the provisions of the Law of the Russian Federation on the amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation of 14 March 2020 No. 1-FKZ “On improving the regulation of certain issues of organization and functioning of public authorities”, identifies their strengths and weaknesses in view of the upcoming nationwide voting on approval of amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, and formulates proposals on improving the constitutional norms for the progressive development of the Russian society and state.Practical significance: the conclusions and provisions of the article can be used in scientific, law-making and law enforcement activities, as well as in the educational process of higher educational institutions.
Economics as a science, Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence
Background: The most essential aspect to reduce the number of maternal and newborn mortality is midwife competence. Midwives have a great role to be able to handle variety of health services (antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum) to avoid or decrease the maternal and infant mortality rate. Performance of health workers, particularly midwives, is the most crucial in affecting the quality and quantity of midwives’ services to enhance the national health development.
Aim: This study analyzed factors affecting village midwife performance for reducing maternal and infant mortality in seek for achieving Bone Bolango cemerlang or bright Bone Balango as the vision of Bone Bolango District in 2021.
Methods: This study was an analytical survey with a cross-sectional approach. It was conducted from March to June 2019 in the working area of Bone Bolango District Health Office. There were 227 people from 19 primary healthcare centers as the population, and the sample size was 227 selected by using the total sampling technique. The data were collected by distributing questionnaires to the respondents and using secondary data. The data processing was done through chi-square test and multiple logistic regression with backward wald method.
Results: Midwife performance in Bone Bolango District was assessed based on several variables. Most of them were ≥ 25 years old (80.6%); worked for ≥ five years (58,6%); mostly had not participated in any normal childbirth care training (76.7%); had a good competence (96.5%); had good resources/equipment (79.7%); had a good reward (92.5%); had a good attitude (76.2%); had a good motivation (90.7%). There were 12 maternal mortalities from 2017 to 2019 handled by only 11 midwives (4.8%). On the other hand, infant mortality rate (IMR) reached 25 cases in the same years; of 227 midwives, these cases were handled by only 21 midwives (9.3%).
Conclusion: A midwife as a part of the health workers has an important role to increase the quality of maternal and child well-being program. Some variables that became indicators of midwife performance and had an effect on reducing the MMR and IMR included work period, reward, and motivation. This study recommends that all midwives have to be provided with a normal childbirth care training in the working area and increased rewards in the process of labor and delivery.
Keywords: midwives, performance, maternal mortality rate, infant mortality rate.
Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, Public aspects of medicine
Abdourahmane Coulibaly, Lara Gautier, Laurence Touré
et al.
Le financement basé sur les résultats (FBR) compte parmi les expérimentations récentes mises en place au Mali pour améliorer les indicateurs de santé maternelle et infantile. À partir d’une analyse basée sur la théorie des courants de Kingdon (1984) et d’une approche inspirée de l’anthropologie du développement, l’article présente une étude qualitative qui vise à décrire les formes d’appropriation nationale du FBR et à comprendre si, à ce stade, on peut parler d’émergence d’une politique publique de FBR dans ce pays. L’apport de cette étude se situe au double plan théorique (comprendre l’émergence d’une politique) et empirique (rôles des acteurs locaux et des acteurs internationaux). Les données proviennent de 33 entrevues qualitatives réalisées auprès de personnes représentant diverses institutions, notamment le Ministère de la santé. Les résultats suggèrent une absence d’émergence d’une politique publique de FBR au Mali à cause d’une myriade de contraintes : peu d’entrepreneurs politiques, peu de fenêtres d’opportunités et de partenaires financiers intéressés ainsi que de trop courtes durées de mise en œuvre des projets pilotes.
Political science, Economic growth, development, planning
The National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus as legislative authority representation mainly plays a legislative role. However, both Chambers of the Belarusian Parliament are also involved in the process of implementing the country foreign policy. They perform it through the activities within the framework of multilateral cooperation or bilateral cooperation. They consider legislative issues related to international agreements or the approval of foreign policy orientations. The presentation of the above issue required an analysis of the Belarusian Parliament constitutional status in the context of international relations, as well as normative acts that regulate the political and legal aspects of activities in the discussed area. Therefore, an institutional and legal analysis, as well as a comparative method were mainly used. The analysis of legal bases of the Belarusian Parliament activities within the framework of foreign policy allowed to present the aspects related to the organisation of these activities, as well as to characterise competence, and to assess the Parliament role within this area. The results of the carried-out studies showed that the position of the National Assembly in foreign policy, despite its entitled competence, is small or not fully exploited.
In the last few decades, the practice of paradiplomacy in Indonesia has increased across the country. The paradiplomacy policy was commonly conducted by local governments in Indonesia since the collapse of the centralized-New Order regime followed by political reformation in various sectors. Decentralization is the main issue that demand local government to be more active and to manage the region properly. The opportunity to boost international partners is very open under the new norm that pave the way to the practice of paradiplomacy including in the frontier areas in Indonesia. This research focuses on the thwo important areas in the frontier Indonesia namely, Riau Island, West Kalimantan and Maluku. Nevertheless, in fact, the so-called “ceremonial†paradiplomacy blatantly practiced amid of the tighten and very bureaucratic barrier including obstacles on the budget implementation. This is qualitative research with discourse analysis which so important to understand paradiplomacy practices notably in the frontier areas in Indonesia that in some extent are vulnerable to the separatism issues in the central government in Jakarta.
Political science, Social sciences and state - Asia (Asian studies only)
Omar Barghouti’s call for an academic and cultural boycott, “Resisting Israeli apartheid: Why the academic and cultural boycott?”, is a sustained attempt to demonize Israel, intended to bring about its destruction.