Hasil untuk "Physical anthropology. Somatology"

Jihae Jeong, DaeYeop Lee, DongGeon Lee et al.

Existing physical commonsense reasoning benchmarks predominantly focus on Western contexts, overlooking cultural variations in physical problem-solving. To address this gap, we introduce EPiK (Everyday Physics in Korean Contexts), a novel benchmark comprising 181 binary-choice problems that test physical reasoning within Korean cultural contexts, ranging from kimchi (Korean food) to traditional fermentation. EPiK is constructed using a two-stage generation and verification pipeline to create culturally-authentic problems across 9 reasoning subtasks and 84 scenarios. Unlike approaches based on simple translation, our method generates problems organically from Korean contexts while upholding rigorous physical reasoning standards. Our evaluations show that Korean-specialized models consistently outperform general-purpose models of comparable size. This performance gap highlights the limitations of culturally-agnostic models and demonstrates the critical need for culturally-aware benchmarks to truly measure language understanding. Our EPiK is publicly available at https://huggingface.co/datasets/jjae/EPiK.

Cong Zhou, Changsheng You, Chao Zhou et al.

In this paper, we propose a new frequency-switching array (FSA) to enhance the physical-layer security (PLS) in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers (Eves), where the carrier frequency can be flexibly switched and small frequency offsets can be imposed on each antenna at the secrecy transmitter (Alice).First, we analytically show that by flexibly controlling the carrier frequency parameters, FSAs can effectively form uniform/non-uniform sparse arrays, hence resembling existing mechanically controlled movable antennas (MAs) via the control of inter-antenna spacing and providing additional degree-of-freedom in the beam manipulation.Although the proposed FSA suffers from additional path-gain attenuation in the received signals, it can overcome several hardware and signal processing issues incurred by MAs, such as limited positioning accuracy, extra hardware and energy cost.Then, a secrecy-rate maximization problem is formulated under the constraints on the frequency control.To shed useful insights, we first consider a secrecy-guaranteed problem with a null-steering constraint for which maximum ratio transmission beamformer is considered at Alice and the frequency offsets are set as uniform frequency increment.Interestingly, it is shown that the proposed FSA can flexibly realize null-steering over Eve in both the angular domain and range domain, thereby achieving improved PLS performance.Then, for the general case, we propose an efficient algorithm to solve the formulated non-convex optimization problem by using the block coordinate descent and projected gradient ascent techniques. Finally, numerical results demonstrate that the proposed FSA achieves superior secrecy rate performance over conventional fixed-position array, while it only suffers a slight secrecy rate loss than the existing mechanically controlled MA.

Eva Kundtová Klocová, Radek Kundt, Pushkar Varma Puryag et al.

Humans often participate in physically harmful and demanding rituals with no apparent material benefits. Although such behaviours have traditionally been explained using the lens of costly signalling theory, we question whether the canonical theory can be applied to the case of human cooperative signals and introduce a modification of this theory based on differential benefit estimation. We propose that along with cooperative benefits, committed members also believe in supernaturally induced benefits, which motivate participation in extreme rituals and stabilize their effects on cooperative assortment. Using Thaipusam Kavadi as a prototypical costly ritual, Tamil (ingroup) and Christian (outgroup) participants in Mauritius (N = 369) assessed the cost and benefits of Kavadi participation or hiking. We found that ingroup participants estimated material costs as larger than outgroups, physical costs as lower, and benefits as larger. These findings suggest that estimated costs may vary by modality and cultural expectations (e.g. Kavadi participants are not supposed to display pain), while supernaturally induced benefits were consistently reported as larger by ingroups compared to outgroups. We conclude that differential estimation of ritual benefits, not costs, are key to the persistence of extreme rituals and their function in the assortment of committed members, underscoring the role of differential estimation in the cognitive computation of signal utility.

Miriam A. Camacho Martínez, Lourdes Márquez Morfín, Patricia O. Hernández Espinoza

¿Qué importancia y significado tenían los niños zapotecas durante el periodo Clásico (200-700 d.C.)? El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo principal reconstruir las breves historias de vida de los niños inhumados en Monte Albán, Oaxaca, México, en dos unidades domésticas (Casa estacionamiento A y A’). Se aplicó la historia de vida y osteobiografía para entrelazar la observación macroscópica de lesiones óseas (criba orbitalia, hiperostosis porótica y reacciones periostales) con el contexto arqueológico de los individuos. Se analizaron un total de 20 niños e infantes menores de cinco años, todos depositados en hoyos simples de tierra. Los menores de tres años fueron localizados debajo de patios y dos niños de cinco años fueron registrados bajo cuartos. En todos se observó reacción perióstica, lo que podría indicar la presencia de infecciones por el entorno insalubre de la ciudad urbana de Monte Albán. Se identificaron lesiones compatibles con deficiencias nutricionales como escorbuto (deficiencia de vitamina C), raquitismo (deficiencia de vitamina D), anemia (deficiencia de vitamina B12 o ácido fólico) y deficiencia de vitamina A. Se describen con mayor profundidad tres casos por su contexto arqueológico y por las lesiones óseas y dentales observadas en ellos. La importancia de los niños e infantes zapotecas se demuestra en el tratamiento funerario que recibieron.

Jiaqi Chen, Jonas Frey, Ruyi Zhou et al.

Identifying the physical properties of the surrounding environment is essential for robotic locomotion and navigation to deal with non-geometric hazards, such as slippery and deformable terrains. It would be of great benefit for robots to anticipate these extreme physical properties before contact; however, estimating environmental physical parameters from vision is still an open challenge. Animals can achieve this by using their prior experience and knowledge of what they have seen and how it felt. In this work, we propose a cross-modal self-supervised learning framework for vision-based environmental physical parameter estimation, which paves the way for future physical-property-aware locomotion and navigation. We bridge the gap between existing policies trained in simulation and identification of physical terrain parameters from vision. We propose to train a physical decoder in simulation to predict friction and stiffness from multi-modal input. The trained network allows the labeling of real-world images with physical parameters in a self-supervised manner to further train a visual network during deployment, which can densely predict the friction and stiffness from image data. We validate our physical decoder in simulation and the real world using a quadruped ANYmal robot, outperforming an existing baseline method. We show that our visual network can predict the physical properties in indoor and outdoor experiments while allowing fast adaptation to new environments.

Fiona Schenk, Ulrich Hambach, Sarah Britzius et al.

We analyzed mineralogical characteristics, and major as well as rare earth element concentrations, from a cryptotephra layer in sediments of the infilled maar of Auel (Eifel, Germany). The results of detailed geochemical analyses of clinopyroxenes and their glassy rims from the Auel cryptotephra layer showed that they are similar to those from the thick Campanian Ignimbrite tephra occurrence in a loess section at Urluia (Romania). Both tephras show idiomorphic green clinopyroxenes and formation of distorted grains up to millimeter scale. The cryptotephra in the Auel core has a modelled age of around 39,940 yr b2k in the ELSA-20 chronology, almost identical to the latest ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dates for the Campanian Ignimbrite/Y-5 (CI/Y-5) eruption. These observations suggest that parts of the CI/Y-5 ash cloud were transported also northwestward into Central Europe, whereas the main branch of the CI/Y-5 ash plume was transported from southern Italy towards the NE, E, and SE. Based on pollen analyses, we conclude there was no direct effect on vegetation from the CI/Y-5 fallout in the Eifel area. Trees, shrubs, and grasses remained at pre-tephra-airfall levels for roughly 240 years, but changed around 39,700 yr b2k when thermophilic woody plants (e.g., <i>Alnus</i> and <i>Carpinus</i>) disappeared and <i>Artemisia</i> spread. This change in vegetation was well after the Laschamp geomagnetic excursion and also after the GI9 interstadial and quite probably represents the onset of the Heinrich Event 4 (H4) cold spell, when climatic conditions over the North Atlantic, and apparently also in Central Europe, deteriorated sharply.

Menachem Stern, Arvind Murugan

Learning is traditionally studied in biological or computational systems. The power of learning frameworks in solving hard inverse-problems provides an appealing case for the development of `physical learning' in which physical systems adopt desirable properties on their own without computational design. It was recently realized that large classes of physical systems can physically learn through local learning rules, autonomously adapting their parameters in response to observed examples of use. We review recent work in the emerging field of physical learning, describing theoretical and experimental advances in areas ranging from molecular self-assembly to flow networks and mechanical materials. Physical learning machines provide multiple practical advantages over computer designed ones, in particular by not requiring an accurate model of the system, and their ability to autonomously adapt to changing needs over time. As theoretical constructs, physical learning machines afford a novel perspective on how physical constraints modify abstract learning theory.

Kenji Kunita, Katsuo Fujiwara

Abstract Background Previous studies indicated that substantial individual variation exists in the distribution of pro-saccade reaction times under gap condition. To investigate the influence of sports experience on the distribution, we examined distribution of the pro-saccade reaction time under overlap and gap conditions, for the basketball club, table tennis club, and non-sporting control groups. Methods Subjects performed pro-saccade tasks under the overlap and gap conditions, in which the intentional and reflexive disengagement of fixation are important, respectively. Under the overlap condition, the central fixation point was illuminated for a random duration of 1–3 s, then the fixation point was turned off. Just after the switch-off of the fixation point, one of the peripheral targets was illuminated for a duration of 1 s. The visual stimulus under the gap condition was almost the same as that under the overlap condition. However, only the temporal gap between the switch-off of the fixation point and the onset of the target differed between those conditions. The gap duration in the gap condition was set at 200 ms. The mean of median value of the bandwidth showing the earliest peak in the histogram was calculated for each group. Thereafter, for each subject, the bandwidth showing the earliest peak under the gap condition was defined as the criterion bandwidth (0 ms bandwidth). Based on this criterion bandwidth, the mean of the relative frequency was calculated for every 10 ms of bandwidth, for the overlap and gap conditions, in each group. Results Under the overlap condition, for all subjects, the pro-saccade reaction times showed unimodal distribution. The means of the median value of the bandwidth showing the earliest peak for the basketball and table tennis groups (approximate 170 ms) were significantly earlier than that for the control group (approximate 190 ms). Under the gap condition, the distribution was bimodal for 11 of 15 subjects in the basketball group and for 5 of 15 subjects in the control group. In the table tennis group, the distribution was not bimodal but unimodal for all 15 subjects. For the basketball group, mean of the relative frequency showed bimodal distribution with approximate 120 ms and 170 ms peaks. For the table tennis and control groups, the mean of the relative frequency showed unimodal distribution with approximate 130 ms and 140ms peak, respectively. Conclusions The present study indicated that under the gap condition, the sports experience influenced on the distribution of the pro-saccade reaction time. The pro-saccade reaction time under the condition would show a distinct bimodal distribution for the basketball group and show a distinct and early unimodal distribution for the table tennis group. It was suggested that the physiological factor leading the group difference in the distribution was the effect of sports experience on the disengagement function of fixation.

Sebastián Apesteguía, Pablo Ariel Gallina, Paula Muzzopappa

El Área de Paleontología de la Fundación Azara funciona en la Universidad Maimónides. En 17 años se ha afianzado con solidez en las publicaciones, los encuentros de colegas y en los medios. En la faceta de exploración ha aportado más de 10 nuevas localidades paleoherpetológicas, algunas tan importantes como el Área Paleontológica de La Buitrera, La Bonita, La Escondida, El Pueblito y el campo de Violante, todas en la provincia de Río Negro, y Bajada Colorada en la provincia de Neuquén. Fuera del país ha aportado las nuevas localidades icnológicas de Tunasniyoj y Ruditayoj (Bolivia) y explorado por primera vez la localidad de Yamana en Ecuador. En la etapa de investigación se han aportado cerca de 50 nuevas especies paleoherpetológicas y visiones novedosas como la existencia de serpientes 70 millones de años más antiguas de las conocidas, la relación entre esfenodontes jurásicos al sur del desierto pangéico, las sucesiones en las faunas de dinosaurios sudamericanos, la presencia de picos y mandíbulas cuadradas entre los titanosaurios y la extinción de los terópodos carcarodontosáuridos y su coincidencia con la extinción de los saurópodos rebaquisáuridos. Desde la formación de recursos humanos se han concretado con temas propios unas 10 tesis doctorales y otras tantas tesinas formando un grupo de investigadores hoy distribuido por el país. Finalmente, desde la divulgación, se han llevado a cabo series de ficción, programas informativos y publicado una decena de libros además de iniciado o retomado publicaciones seriadas sobre temas de ciencias naturales.

Emma Ben Ayoun

Disability and documentary have a complex, intertwined history; the cinematic apparatus itself developed in tandem with Western contemporary medicine, with medical instruments whose function was to surveil, regulate, and ultimately transform the body (Cartwright 1995; Brylla and Hughes 2017). On a representational level, as myriad scholars have argued (e.g. Norden 1994; Snyder and Mitchell 2006; Riley 2005), disability is not so much cinematically underrepresented as it is chronically and dangerously mis-represented: in narrative film, disabilities are everywhere, as markers of irrevocable difference, as grotesque externalizations of characters’ personal failings, as strategies to invoke pathos, terror or grief. Martin Norden’s description of disability media as “the cinema of isolation” reveals accurately the extent to which disability on screen has been depicted as a solitary and somehow “extreme” identity, a kind of permanent outside against which the normative affirms itself. In documentary cinema, while the burden of metaphor placed on disabled people is perhaps not as immediately visible, there are nevertheless a number of tropes that continue to extend a dehumanizing and ableist gaze. In part this phenomenon results from a number of institutional, financial and cultural barriers to access (in terms of production and distribution) for disabled filmmakers; it is also the heir to a long tradition, one that predates the cinema, that posits physical anomaly as a semiotic problem, one to be solved, always, from without. As Rosemarie Garland Thomson writes, “the exceptional body seems to compel explanation, inspire representation, and incite regulation ... it is always an interpretive occasion” (Garland Thomson 1996, 1). Jeffrey A. Weinstock, in the influential anthology Freakery, suggests that the ableist cultural trope of the “freak,” one of the most pervasive cultural signifiers of physical disability, can best be understood as “a locus defined by the convergence of nineteenth-century scientific and anthropological discourse” (Weinstock 1996, 329). The visual language around disability remains inherently marginalizing, at the same time that it is capable of shielding itself behind the “objectivity” of medical knowledge. For scholars and teachers of documentary,

N. Berdnikova, E. Lipnina

Mikhail Gerasimov, a well-known Soviet anthropologist, the creator of a unique method of plastic reconstruction of the face from the skull, was born on September 15, 1907 in St. Petersburg. In 1912, the Gerasimov family moved to Irkutsk, where his father received the post of doctor of the Irkutsk resettlement center. Irkutsk, as the capital of the vast Siberian region from the Yenisei to the Pacific Ocean, had a multifaceted socio-cultural life. In 1851, a department of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society was organized in Irkutsk as the first scientific organization to study all aspects of the nature, history, and peoples of Siberia. In 1918 Irkutsk University was opened, which became the main center of scientific and educational activities. With Irkutsk are connected the discoveries of the first Paleolithic site, the first Neolithic burial ground, the first multilayered site in Russia. At Irkutsk University, Berngard Petri created the multidisciplinary Irkutsk School of Archaeology (Paleoethnology). Mikhail Gerasimov was formed as a researcher in the system of this school, where he received archaeological, anthropological, geological, and paleontological training. He made the first face reconstructions from the skull in 1927 and 1929. The archaeological activity of Mikhail Gerasimov relates to Irkutsk, where he was engaged in research of Stone Age campsites and burials. It distinguishes two periods: pre-war (1919–1937) and post-war (1956–1960). He studied burials in Irkutsk and its vicinity, as well as at the mouth of the Selenga River, participated in excavations of the Paleolithic site Verkholenskaya Gora, discovered the Paleolithic site Pereselenchenskii Punkt in Irkutsk, the multilayered site Ust-Belaya, and a number of Stone Age campsites in Khabarovsk. His biggest achievement was the discovery and excavation of the Malta Paleolithic site with unique dwelling complexes and bone sculptures. The socio-political situation in the country forced Mikhail Gerasimov in 1937 to engage in physical anthropology to develop and implement the method of reconstruction of the face from the skull. Archaeology has faded into the background. Mikhail Gerasimov was able to return to Irkutsk for the excavations of Malta, Ust-Belaya, Fofanovo burial ground in 1956–1960. In the process of these works, under his influence, a team of young archaeologists was formed at the Irkutsk State University, which made up a new generation of the Irkutsk School of Archaeology.

A. Arnaiz-Villena, Ignacio Juarez, José Palacio-Gruber et al.

Greeks have a Sub-Saharan gene input according to HLA and other autosomic markers. Iberians, Canarians, and North Africans show a close genetic relatedness. This is concordant with a drying humid Sahara Desert, which may have occurred about 6,000 years BC, and the subsequent northwards emigration of Saharan people may have also happened in Pharaonic times. Present study confirms this African gene input in Greeks according to 12th HLA International Workshop data, which was studied some years before by us. This genetic input into Atlantic and Mediterranean Europe/Africa is also supported with Lineal Megalithic Scripts in Canary Islands (as well as in Iberia) together with simple Iberian semi-syllabary rock inscriptions both at Canary Islands and Ti-m Missaou (Algeria, Central southern Sahara). Lineal African/European scripts are found in some language scripts like Berber/Tuareg, Iberian, Runes, Etruscan, Bulgarian (Sitovo and Gradeshnitza, 6,000 years BP), Italian Old Scripts (Lepontic, Venetic, Raetic), Minoan Lineal A, and other Aegean scripts. The possibility that Megalithic Lineal Scripts have given rise to these languages lineal writing is feasible because admixture of languages rock scripts and Megalithic Lineal Scripts may be found. Thus, resistance of Canarian aborigines (Guanches) to Cartago, Rome and Arabs left a bulk of Canarian-Saharan information which is used to study both Saharan and Canarian Prehistory, and also Atlantic and Mediterranean beginning of European and other civilizations: this preserved prehistoric inheritance may be named the “Saharo-Canarian Circle” of prehistoric knowledge. Also, linguisticsepigraphy, physical anthropology ,archaeology and domesticated cattle shows a close North Africa-Iberia Mesolithic/Neolithic relationship and demonstrates that the demic diffusion model does not exist in Iberia. Also, Tassili Sahara paintings of domesticated cattle appear 1,000 years before that agricultural practices started at Middle East. Keywords: Greeks, Macedonians, Sahara, Africa, Iberia, HLA, Genetics, Spaniards, Portuguese, Berbers, Algerians, demic, diffusion, Canary Islands, Lanzarote, Malta, Cart-ruts, Quesera, Cheesboard, Iberian, language, Guanche, Usko-Mediterranean, Phoenicians

Bharath Ramsundar, Dilip Krishnamurthy, Venkatasubramanian Viswanathan

Differentiable physics provides a new approach for modeling and understanding the physical systems by pairing the new technology of differentiable programming with classical numerical methods for physical simulation. We survey the rapidly growing literature of differentiable physics techniques and highlight methods for parameter estimation, learning representations, solving differential equations, and developing what we call scientific foundation models using data and inductive priors. We argue that differentiable physics offers a new paradigm for modeling physical phenomena by combining classical analytic solutions with numerical methodology using the bridge of differentiable programming.

José Luis Prado, María Teresa Alberdi, Jonathan Bellinzoni

The Pampean Region contains sedimentary sequences with abundant mammal fossil records, which constitute the chronological outline of the Plio–Pleistocene of South America. These classic localities have been used for more than a century to correlate with other South American regions. Throughout this time, a series of misinterpretations have appeared. To understand the stratigraphic significance of these localities and the geochronological situation of each unit referring to the Pleistocene, a critical historical study of the antecedents was carried out, evaluating the state of each unit. The biostratigraphic studies of the Pampean Region’s mammalian faunas improved the understanding of biogeographic changes taking into account the environmental fluctuations of the Pleistocene.

Mamoun T. Mardini, Subhash Nerella Amal A. Wanigatunga, Santiago Saldana et al.

Wrist accelerometers for assessing hallmark measures of physical activity (PA) are rapidly growing with the advent of smartwatch technology. Given the growing popularity of wrist-worn accelerometers, there needs to be a rigorous evaluation for recognizing (PA) type and estimating energy expenditure (EE) across the lifespan. Participants (66% women, aged 20-89 yrs) performed a battery of 33 daily activities in a standardized laboratory setting while a tri-axial accelerometer collected data from the right wrist. A portable metabolic unit was worn to measure metabolic intensity. We built deep learning networks to extract spatial and temporal representations from the time-series data, and used them to recognize PA type and estimate EE. The deep learning models resulted in high performance; the F1 score was: 0.82, 0.81, and 95 for recognizing sedentary, locomotor, and lifestyle activities, respectively. The root mean square error was 1.1 (+/-0.13) for the estimation of EE.

Maciej Pindakiewicz, Mateusz Tałanda, Tomasz Sulej et al.

unique functional adaptation to herbivory within early ray-finned fishes is exemplified by the late Permian actinopterygians within the family Eurynotoidiidae with policuspid teeth strongly modified with respect to the primitive actinopterygian conditions. Here we report additional finds of multidenticulated teeth from the fluvial latest Permian deposits of Russia. The teeth belong to the members of endemic Eurynotoidiidae and show rather high morphological diversity. We confirm that the Russian forms are the earliest known ray-finned fishes with substantial modifications of teeth adapted to the processing of food. These finds confirm some previous suggestions that the adaptation to herbivory first developed in freshwater fishes, not marine. We found very similar dental adaptations in some groups of Recent freshwater teleosts, especially in characiforms and cichlids. It suggests that sympatric species of Permian Eurynotoidiidae explored various herbivorous niches like modern fish in East African lakes. Apparently, this first pulse of adaptive radiation in ray-finned fishes was probably caused by diversification of Permian aquatic vertebrate community.

Frédéric Santos, Alizé Lacoste Jeanson

The cross-sectional geometry (CSG) of long bone diaphyses is used in bioanthropology to evaluate their resistance to biomechanical constraints and to infer life-history-related patterns such as mobility, activity specialization or intensity, sexual dimorphism, body mass and proportions. First limited by technical analytical constraints to the analysis of one or two cross sections per bone, it has evolved into the analysis of cross sections of the full length of the diaphyseal part of long bones. More recently, researchers have developed analytical tools to map the cortical thickness of entire diaphyses to evaluate locomotor signatures. However, none of these analytical tools are easy to use for scientists who are not familiar with computer programming, and some statistical procedures-such as mapping the correlation coefficients of the diaphyseal thickness with various parameters have yet to be made available. Therefore, we developed an automated and open-source application that renders those analyses (both CSG and cortical thickness) in a semiautomated and user friendly manner. This application, called "Diaphysator", is associated with another free software ("Extractor", presented in Dupej et al. (2017). American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 164, 868-876). Diaphysator can be used as an online application (https://diaphysator.shinyapps.io/maps) or as a package for R statistical software. Along with the mean maps of cortical thickness and mean CSG parameter graphs, the users can evaluate the correlations and partial correlations of both CSG parameters at every cross section along the diaphyseal length, and cortical thickness data points of the entire diaphysis, with any factor such as age, sex, stature, and body mass.

Miguel Jaques, Michael Burke, Timothy Hospedales

We propose a model that is able to perform unsupervised physical parameter estimation of systems from video, where the differential equations governing the scene dynamics are known, but labeled states or objects are not available. Existing physical scene understanding methods require either object state supervision, or do not integrate with differentiable physics to learn interpretable system parameters and states. We address this problem through a physics-as-inverse-graphics approach that brings together vision-as-inverse-graphics and differentiable physics engines, enabling objects and explicit state and velocity representations to be discovered. This framework allows us to perform long term extrapolative video prediction, as well as vision-based model-predictive control. Our approach significantly outperforms related unsupervised methods in long-term future frame prediction of systems with interacting objects (such as ball-spring or 3-body gravitational systems), due to its ability to build dynamics into the model as an inductive bias. We further show the value of this tight vision-physics integration by demonstrating data-efficient learning of vision-actuated model-based control for a pendulum system. We also show that the controller's interpretability provides unique capabilities in goal-driven control and physical reasoning for zero-data adaptation.

Francisco J. Sevilla, Pavel Castro-Villarreal

We analyze the statistical physics of self-propelled particles from a general theoretical framework that properly describes the most salient characteristic of active motion, $persistence$, in arbitrary spatial dimensions. Such a framework allows the development of a Smoluchowski-like equation for the probability density of finding a particle at a given position and time, without assuming an explicit orientational dynamics of the self-propelling velocity as Langevin-like equation-based models do. Also, the Brownian motion due to thermal fluctuations and the active one due to a general intrinsic persistent motion of the particle are taken into consideration on an equal footing. The persistence of motion is introduced in our formalism in the form of a \emph{two-time memory function}, $K(t,t^{\prime})$. We focus on the consequences when $K(t,t^{\prime})\sim (t/t^{\prime})^{-η}\exp[-Γ(t-t^{\prime})]$, $Γ$ being the characteristic persistence time, and show that it precisely describes a variety of active motion patterns characterized by $η$. We find analytical expressions for the experimentally obtainable intermediate scattering function, the time dependence of the mean-squared displacement, and the kurtosis.

Flavio Del Santo, Nicolas Gisin

Classical physics is generally regarded as deterministic, as opposed to quantum mechanics that is considered the first theory to have introduced genuine indeterminism into physics. We challenge this view by arguing that the alleged determinism of classical physics relies on the tacit, metaphysical assumption that there exists an actual value of every physical quantity, with its infinite predetermined digits (which we name \emph{principle of infinite precision}). Building on recent information-theoretic arguments showing that the principle of infinite precision (which translates into the attribution of a physical meaning to mathematical real numbers) leads to unphysical consequences, we consider possible alternative indeterministic interpretations of classical physics. We also link those to well-known interpretations of quantum mechanics. In particular, we propose a model of classical indeterminism based on \emph{finite information quantities} (FIQs). Moreover, we discuss the perspectives that an indeterministic physics could open (such as strong emergence), as well as some potential problematic issues. Finally, we make evident that any indeterministic interpretation of physics would have to deal with the problem of explaining how the indeterminate values become determinate, a problem known in the context of quantum mechanics as (part of) the ``quantum measurement problem''. We discuss some similarities between the classical and the quantum measurement problems, and propose ideas for possible solutions (e.g., ``collapse models'' and ``top-down causation'').