Hasil untuk "Journalism. The periodical press, etc."

Richard Keeble

EN. This essay examines the representation of Marie Colvin (1956-2012), the distinguished war reporter, as a case study in the depoliticization of celebrity. It first outlines the major features of her career, stressing her remarkable bravery (amounting at times to recklessness) and her genuine commitment to the victims of war and violent oppression. The essay moves on to consider, in particular, both the contents of In Extremis (Hilsum, 2018), the biography of Colvin written by her friend and fellow war correspondent Lindsey Hilsum and its reception by the international media. More specifically, it examines in detail the failure of both Hilsum and the book’s reviewers to acknowledge the deep political underpinning of Colvin’s reporting and celebrity status. The essay, then, highlights the power of the dominant ideology to silence certain political perspectives. At one point in her biography, Hilsum claims that Colvin never practiced “partisan journalism” of the kind that “adopts a cause and reports only the facts that advance it”. Yet, as this essay concludes, her reporting was profoundly political and partisan, in fact, for it tended to favor the “humanitarian” interventions of Western powers. In contrast, the reporting of John Pilger, Robert Fisk, Michael Kelly, Janine di Giovanni, Tom Engelhardt and Jonathan Steele over this period incorporated appropriate critiques of Western militaristic adventures, highlighting the myths and lies on which the “human rights” rhetoric was based. Moreover, the conclusion highlights the way in which, throughout the period in which Colvin’s reporting helped her acquire celebrity status, the newspaper for which she worked, the Rupert Murdoch-owned Sunday Times, also gave rabid editorial support for all those military interventions. *** FR. Cet article propose une analyse de la représentation de Marie Colvin (1956-2012), grande reporter de guerre, en tant qu’étude de cas de la dépolitisation de la célébrité. Il retrace d’abord les principaux traits de sa carrière, mettant en lumière son courage exceptionnel – parfois à la limite de l’inconscience – ainsi que son engagement sincère envers les victimes de guerre et d’oppression violente. L'article s’attarde ensuite sur le contenu de In Extremis (Hilsum, 2018), biographie de Colvin rédigée par son amie et collègue correspondante de guerre Lindsey Hilsum, ainsi que sur la réception de cet ouvrage par les médias internationaux. Il met particulièrement en évidence l’incapacité, tant de l’autrice que des critiques, à reconnaître les fondements politiques profonds du travail journalistique de Colvin et de sa célébrité. Cet article souligne ainsi le pouvoir des idéologies dominantes à occulter certaines lectures politiques. Dans sa biographie, Hilsum affirme que Colvin ne pratiquait pas un « journalisme partisan », entendu comme une forme d’engagement où seules sont retenues les informations allant dans le sens d’une cause. Pourtant, nous arrivons à la conclusion que son journalisme était bel et bien profondément politique et partisan, dans la mesure où il tendait à soutenir les interventions dites “humanitaires” des puissances occidentales. Par contraste, les travaux de journalistes contemporains tels que John Pilger, Robert Fisk, Michael Kelly, Janine di Giovanni, Tom Engelhardt ou encore Jonathan Steele intégraient une critique des interventions militaires occidentales, en déconstruisant les mythes et les mensonges sur lesquels reposait la rhétorique des “droits humains”. Enfin, l’article rappelle qu’au moment même où Colvin gagnait en notoriété grâce à ses reportages, le journal pour lequel elle travaillait – The Sunday Times, propriété de Rupert Murdoch – soutenait ardemment, sur le plan éditorial, l’ensemble de ces interventions militaires. *** ES. Este artículo analiza la representación de Marie Colvin (1956-2012), reconocida corresponsal de guerra, como estudio de caso del proceso de despolitización de la celebridad. En primer lugar, se repasan los principales aspectos de su trayectoria profesional, destacando su valentía excepcional –a veces cercana a la temeridad– así como su compromiso genuino con las víctimas de la guerra y de la opresión violenta. A continuación, el artículo se centra en el contenido de In Extremis (Hilsum, 2018), biografía de Colvin escrita por su amiga y también corresponsal de guerra Lindsey Hilsum, así como en la recepción de la obra por parte de los medios internacionales. Se examina, en particular, la incapacidad tanto de Hilsum como de los críticos del libro para reconocer los profundos fundamentos políticos del trabajo periodístico de Colvin y del carácter político de su notoriedad. El artículo destaca el poder de las ideologías dominantes para invisibilizar determinadas perspectivas políticas. En un pasaje de la biografía, Hilsum afirma que Colvin no practicaba un "periodismo partidista", entendido como aquel que “adopta una causa y presenta únicamente los hechos que la favorecen”. No obstante, este ensayo concluye que su trabajo periodístico era, en realidad, profundamente político y partidista, ya que tendía a favorecer las intervenciones “humanitarias” de las potencias occidentales. En contraste, el trabajo de periodistas contemporáneos como John Pilger, Robert Fisk, Michael Kelly, Janine di Giovanni, Tom Engelhardt o Jonathan Steele incorporaba críticas pertinentes a las intervenciones militares occidentales, desenmascarando los mitos y las falsedades en los que se apoyaba la retórica de los “derechos humanos”. Por último, el artículo destaca que, durante el mismo periodo en que Colvin alcanzó el estatus de celebridad gracias a sus reportajes, el periódico para el que trabajaba –The Sunday Times, propiedad de Rupert Murdoch– brindaba un apoyo editorial incondicional a todas esas intervenciones militares. *** PT. Este artigo analisa a representação de Marie Colvin (1956-2012), uma renomada correspondente de guerra, como um estudo de caso do processo de despolitização da celebridade. Primeiramente, traçam-se as principais características de sua carreira, destacando sua coragem excepcional – às vezes beirando a imprudência – e seu engajamento genuíno com as vítimas da guerra e da opressão violenta. Em seguida, o artigo se debruça sobre o conteúdo de In Extremis (Hilsum, 2018), a biografia de Colvin escrita por sua amiga e colega correspondente de guerra Lindsey Hilsum, bem como sobre a recepção da obra pela mídia internacional. Em particular, examina-se detalhadamente como tanto Hilsum quanto os críticos do seu livro falharam em reconhecer o profundo fundamento político do trabalho jornalístico de Colvin e de sua notoriedade. O artigo, portanto, ressalta o poder das ideologias dominantes de silenciar certas perspectivas políticas. Em um trecho da biografia, Hilsum afirma que Colvin nunca praticou o “jornalismo partidário”, entendido como aquele que “adota uma causa e relata apenas os fatos que a promovem”. No entanto, chegamos aqui à conclusão de que suas reportagens eram, de fato, profundamente políticas e partidárias, pois tendiam a apoiar as intervenções “humanitárias” das potências ocidentais. Em contraste, os trabalhos de jornalistas contemporâneos como John Pilger, Robert Fisk, Michael Kelly, Janine di Giovanni, Tom Engelhardt e Jonathan Steele incorporavam críticas pertinentes às investidas militares ocidentais, desvendando os mitos e as mentiras em que se baseava a retórica dos “direitos humanos”. Por fim, o artigo lembra como, em todo o período em que Colvin ganhava notoriedade por meio de suas reportagens, o jornal para o qual trabalhava – The Sunday Times, de propriedade de Rupert Murdoch – apoiou com veemência, em sua linha editorial, todas essas intervenções militares. ***

Leticia Rodríguez-Fernández, María-José Establés, Sergio Arce-García

Carolina Moreno-Castro

En este ensayo se valora el papel que desempeñaron los medios de comunicación como servicio público durante el episodio de precipitaciones e inundaciones extremas ocurrido el 29 de octubre de 2024. Se examinan las noticias difundidas desde las 07:00 hasta las 20:11 horas, momento en que la Generalitat Valenciana emitió una alerta oficial a la población. Cuando se recibe el mensaje en los dispositivos móviles, las comarcas de l’Horta Sud y la Ribera Alta, al sur de Valencia, ya estaban completamente inundadas. No obstante, los medios de comunicación, tanto tradicionales como digitales, habían advertido sobre el riesgo al menos con 72 horas de antelación y ofrecieron una cobertura continua desde primeras horas del día. La revisión se basa en la selección de noticias publicadas antes del aviso institucional, utilizando las bases de datos FACTIVA, NEXIS y MyNews. Los resultados evidencian que los medios ejercieron una función de servicio público eficaz, en contraposición con la tardía activación del sistema oficial de alertas. Se reflexiona asimismo sobre la coordinación durante la comunicación de catástrofes, destacando -en este caso- que, a pesar de la disponibilidad previa de la evidencia científica y de la calidad, precisión y amplia difusión de la información periodística, esta no fue tenida en cuenta por las autoridades para alertar a la población con antelación. Como recomendación, se subraya la necesidad de integrar la labor informativa de los medios de comunicación en los protocolos institucionales de gestión de emergencias.

Wazeer Zulfikar, Treyden Chiaravalloti, Jocelyn Shen et al.

People inherently use experiences of their past while imagining their future, a capability that plays a crucial role in mental health. Resonance is an AI-powered journaling tool designed to augment this ability by offering AI-generated, action-oriented suggestions for future activities based on the user's own past memories. Suggestions are offered when a new memory is logged and are followed by a prompt for the user to imagine carrying out the suggestion. In a two-week randomized controlled study (N=55), we found that using Resonance significantly improved mental health outcomes, reducing the users' PHQ8 scores, a measure of current depression, and increasing their daily positive affect, particularly when they would likely act on the suggestion. Notably, the effectiveness of the suggestions was higher when they were personal, novel, and referenced the user's logged memories. Finally, through open-ended feedback, we discuss the factors that encouraged or hindered the use of the tool.

Kai-liang Lu

In many scientific and engineering (e.g., physical, biochemical, medical) practices, data generated through expensive experiments or large-scale simulations, are often sparse and noisy. Physics-informed neural network (PINN) incorporates physical information and knowledge into network topology or computational processes as model priors, with the unique advantage of achieving strong generalization with small data. This study aims to investigate the performance characteristics of the soft-constrained PINN method to solving typical linear and nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) such as primer, Van der Pol and Duffing oscillators, especially the effectiveness, efficiency, and robustness to noise with minimal data. It is verified that the soft-constrained PINN significantly reduces the need for labeled data. With the aid of appropriate collocation points no need to be labeled, it can predict and also extrapolate with minimal data. First-order and second-order ODEs, no matter linear or nonlinear oscillators, require only one and two training data (containing initial values) respectively, just like classical analytic or Runge-Kutta methods, and with equivalent precision and comparable efficiency (fast training in seconds for scalar ODEs). Furthermore, it can conveniently impose a physical law (e.g., conservation of energy) constraint by adding a regularization term to the total loss function, improving the performance to deal with various complexities such as nonlinearity like Duffing. The DeepXDE-based PINN implementation is light code and can be efficiently trained on both GPU and CPU platforms. The mathematical and computational framework of this alternative and feasible PINN method to ODEs, can be easily extended to PDEs, etc., and is becoming a favorable catalyst for the era of Digital Twins.

Eduard Petiska

ChatGPT (GPT) has become one of the most talked-about innovations in recent years, with over 100 million users worldwide. However, there is still limited knowledge about the sources of information GPT utilizes. As a result, we carried out a study focusing on the sources of information within the field of environmental science. In our study, we asked GPT to identify the ten most significant subdisciplines within the field of environmental science. We then asked it to compose a scientific review article on each subdiscipline, including 25 references. We proceeded to analyze these references, focusing on factors such as the number of citations, publication date, and the journal in which the work was published. Our findings indicate that GPT tends to cite highly-cited publications in environmental science, with a median citation count of 1184.5. It also exhibits a preference for older publications, with a median publication year of 2010, and predominantly refers to well-respected journals in the field, with Nature being the most cited journal by GPT. Interestingly, our findings suggest that GPT seems to exclusively rely on citation count data from Google Scholar for the works it cites, rather than utilizing citation information from other scientific databases such as Web of Science or Scopus. In conclusion, our study suggests that Google Scholar citations play a significant role as a predictor for mentioning a study in GPT-generated content. This finding reinforces the dominance of Google Scholar among scientific databases and perpetuates the Matthew Effect in science, where the rich get richer in terms of citations. With many scholars already utilizing GPT for literature review purposes, we can anticipate further disparities and an expanding gap between lesser-cited and highly-cited publications.

David Jewitt

We identify a sample of 27 long-period comets for which both non-gravitational accelerations and Lyman-alpha based gas production rates are available. Seven of the 27 comets (i.e. 25 percent) did not survive perihelion because of nucleus fragmentation or complete disintegration. Empirically, the latter nuclei have the smallest gas production rates and the largest non-gravitational accelerations, which are both indicators of small size. Specifically, the disintegrating nuclei have a median radius of only 0.41 km, one quarter of the 1.60 km median radius of those surviving perihelion. The disintegrating comets also have a smaller median perihelion distance (0.48 au) than do the survivors (0.99 au). We compare the order of magnitude timescale for outgassing torques to change the nucleus spin, tau, with the time spent by each comet in strong sublimation, Dt, finding that the disrupted comets are those with tau < Dt. The destruction of near-Sun long-period comets is thus naturally explained as a consequence of rotational break-up. We discuss this process as a contributor to Oort's long mysterious ``fading parameter''.

Silja Nikula

Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan kuvaristikoiden piirroksia visuaalisen viestinnän näkökulmasta. Huomio kiinnitetään piirrosten ilmaisukeinoihin. Empiirinen aineisto koostuu piirroksista, jotka sisältyvät 18 kuvaristikkoon. Ne on julkaistu sanoma- ja aikakauslehdissä, jotka olivat myynnissä 13.4.2019. Teoreettisen viitekehyksen muodostavat Gunther Kressin ja Theo van Leeuwenin (1996) esittämä kuvan kielioppi ja siihen pohjautuva multimodaalisuuden teoria. Merkityksiä puretaan sosiosemioottisen lähestymistavan kautta. Tutkimuskysymykset ovat: Miten ilmaisukeinoja on käytetty ristikkopiirroksissa ja millaisia merkityksiä ne luovat? Millaista kulttuurista ymmärrystä vihjekuvien tulkinta edellyttää ristikon ratkojalta? Tutkimus osoittaa, että viivan käyttö, kuvakulman valinta ja kohteen rajaaminen ovat keinoja, jotka saavat piirroksen muistuttamaan kohdettaan. Ne ovat muovanneet piirroksen muodon ja ohjaavat sen merkitystä. Samankaltaisuus perustuu suurelta osin esittämisen konventioon. Kuvien tulkitseminen on mahdollista myös laatijan ja ratkojan yhteisen kategoria-ajattelun sekä kokemusmaailman perusteella. Lisäksi ilmaisuja tunnistetaan muiden kulttuuritekstien, varsinkin sarjakuvien ilmaisun perusteella. Tutkimus korostaa materiaalisuutta multimodaalisen artefaktin ominaisuutena ja havainnollistaa, miten käytetyt ilmaisukeinot ovat muotoutuneet viestinnän tilannekohtaisten tavoitteiden mukaisesti.

Pham The Song

Developing Bogoliubov theory of weakly interacting Bose gas in uncompacted three-dimension space, quantum fluctuation energy of one component dilute gas of Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) confined to two parallel plates investigated at zero-temperature in grand canonical ensemble (GCE) with Neumann boundary condition (BC). The Casimir force considered in comparison to the one with Robin BC, Dirichlet BC and periodic BC.

James S. Walker, Gary W. Don

After our book---Mathematics and Music: Composition, Perception, and Performance, 2nd edition, CRC Press, 2020---was published, we found a striking example of the importance of the Tonnetz for analyzing the harmonic structure of The Beatles' song, "In My Life." Our Tonnetz analysis will illustrate the highly structured geometric logic underlying the numerous chord progressions in the song. Spectrograms provide a way for us to visualize chordal harmonics and their connection with voice leading. We shall also describe the interesting harmonic rhythms of the song's chord progressions. A lot of this harmonic rhythm lends itself well to a geometric description.

Орaзбaй С.

Мaқaлaдa Орхон-Енисей жaзбa ескерткіштері мәтінінде кездесетін әскери сөздердің қолдaну ерекшеліктері мен осы уaқыттa түрленген, жaңaшылдaнғaн aтaулaрымен мысaл келтіре отырып мaзмұндaлды. Көне түркі тілдері мен қaзіргі қaзaқ тілінде қолдaнылaтын әскери сөздерге, оның ішінде әскери aтaққa, соғысқa қaтысты сөздер өзектелді. Орхон-Енисей жaзбa ескерткіштері қaзaқ хaлқының aлғaшқы жaзбa мәдениеті мен тaрихының бaстaу бұлaғы. Сондaй-aқ, түркі хaлықтaрынa ортaқ көркем туындылaрдың үлгісі болумен бірге қaзaқ әдебиетінің әдеби мұрaсы және қaзaқ тілінің лингвистикa сaлaсының қорын молaйтқaн тaрихи шежіре. Жaзбa ескерткіштер тіліндегі сөздердің бaйлaнысу түрлері қaзіргі қaзaқ тілінің зaңдылықтaрынa ұқсaйды. Ғылымның тaбысты жетістіктері ретінде осы көне ескерткіштер шексіз мекендегі меңіреу тaстaрғa бүгінде тіл бітіріп, іргелі ел болып қaнaт жaйғaн түркі хaлықтaрының ұрпaғынa тaрихи деректерінен мәлімет береді. Мaқaлaның мaқсaты – Орхон-Енисей жaзбa ескерткіштеріне бaйлaнысты жaрық көрген түркітaнушылaрдың еңбектеріне ғылыми тaлдaу жaсaп, тaрихи-мәдени және лингвистикaлық тұрғыдaн зерттелуінқaрaстыру. Тaсқa қaшaлып жaзылғaн тaрихи жaзбaлaр түркі тілінде сөйлейтін түркі ру тaйпaлaрының әскери жорықтaрдa бaтырлaрдың ерліктері үшін әртүрлі деңгейдегі әскери лaуaзымдaр aтaулaрын aйқындaу. Зерттеу жұмысының ғылыми және прaктикaлық құндылығынa Орхон-Енисей жaзбa ескерткіштерін ғылыми-теориялық зерттеу нәтижелері әскери тaрихқa және түркітaнуғa өз үлесін қосa aлaды. Жaзбa ескерткіштердегі әскери сөздердің осы зaмaнғa сaй түрленіп, мaғынaсынa қaрaй қолдaнысқa түсіруге үлесін қосaды. Тaқырыпты тaлдaу үшін сипaттaу, бaқылaу және сaлыстыру сияқты эмпирикaлық тәсілдер қолдaнылды. Ғылыми мaқaлaның бaсты нәтижесі – түркология сaлaсындa теориялық ой-тұжырымдaр aнықтaлып, бұрынғы aйтылғaн пікірлер мен қaғидaлaр сaрaптaлды. Орхон-Енисей жaзбa ескерткіштердегі лингвистикaлық зерттеуге қaтысты мәселелер әскери сөздер жинaқтaлып, сaрaлaнып, әскери термин ретінде ғылыми тaлдaуғa түсті. Мaқaлaның құндылығы – Орхон-Енисей жaзбa ескерткіштер мәтіндеріндегі әскери терминдерге тaрихи тұрғыдa хронологиялық тaлдaу жaсaлып, әскери тaрихымыздың бaстaу aлғaн кезеңі aнықтaлaды. Осы зерттеу жұмысы aрқылы aвтор Орхон-Енисей жaзбa ескерткіштері мәтіндеріндегі әскери жорықтaрдa қолдaнғaн әскери сөздердің зaмaнaуи тaлaбынa сaй жaңa түрге еніп, қолдaнысқa түсуіне үміттенеді.

Rachel Elizabeth Bullough Ainscough

Esta investigación analiza la producción fotográfica y escrita del fotógrafo británico Charles Clifford (1819-1863), realizada fundamentalmente en España entre 1852-1863, con el fin de determinar los motivos detrás de su imagen propia del país. En la primera parte se analizan aspectos socioculturales de Madrid en 1850, año de su llegada, el negocio fotográfico al que pasó a formar parte, y las relaciones políticas entre Gran Bretaña y España. En la segunda parte, se examina detalladamente, la vida y producción fotográfica de Clifford y por primera vez, su libro, A Photographic Scramble through Spain. La última parte del trabajo se centra en la imagen de España de Clifford, para determinar hasta qué punto se trata de una imagen preconcebida de un británico. Asimismo, se analizan las singularidades de su fotografía y sus principales influencias literarias y artísticas.

Carolina Hermida Bellot

Ally (Ally McBeal, David E. Kelley, Fox: 1997-2002) es una mujer que parece tenerlo todo y que, sin embargo, se sitúa desde el primer episodio de la serie en un estado de infelicidad constante. El objetivo principal de la investigación es encontrar el origen del malestar de esta mujer, así como establecer vínculos entre los rasgos estilísticos de la serie y la configuración del deseo en el personaje principal. Para ello, se realiza un análisis textual del título, de la cabecera y de distintas escenas seleccionadas a lo largo de las cinco temporadas que componen la serie. El análisis se realiza siguiendo la Teoría del Texto y la Teoría del Relato desarrolladas por el catedrático de la Comunicación Jesús González Requena, quien recoge elementos tanto de la narrativa (teoría proppiana) como del psicoanálisis (teoría freudiana).

Elisa Gorla

This is a chapter of the upcoming "A Concise Encyclopedia of Coding Theory", W.C. Huffman, J.-L. Kim, and P. Sole' Eds., CRC Press. The chapter gives an introduction to the mathematical theory of rank-metric codes. Treated topics include: definition of rank metric, equivalence of codes, support of a codeword and of a code, duality, weight enumerators and MacWilliams identities, higher rank weights, MRD codes, optimal anticodes, and q-polymatroids associated to a rank-metric code.

N.T. Shyngyssova, K. Zhaylbek, M.O. Negizbayeva

Мемлекеттік имидждің құрылымы кез келген зaмaнaуи мемлекеттің aлдындa тұрғaн стрaтегиялық тaпсырмa екендігі aнық. Имидждің әсерлі екенінің көрінісі елдің экономикaлық және мәдени дaмуының деңгейін, тaбысты сaясaттың мемлекет ішінде де, сыртындa дa бейнесі, aйнaсы іспеттес. Көп жaғдaйдa әлемдік сaхнaдa қaрым-қaтынaс жетістігінің көрсеткіші болып тaбылaды. Жaғымды имидж ішкі және сыртқы нaрықтa бәсекеге қaбілеттілікті aрттырaды. Социумның рухaни өміріндегі бұқaрaлық aқпaрaт құрaлдaрының рөлін қaйтa бaғaлaу күрделі. БАҚ тек aқпaрaт көзі ғaнa емес, сонымен қaтaр қоғaмдық пікір және тұлғaның aдaмгершілік- дүниетaнымдық көзқaрaсын қaлыптaстырaды. Сонымен қaтaр, бұқaрaлық aқпaрaт құрaлдaры ел имиджін қaлыптaстырудa елеулі рөл aтқaрaды. БАҚ тек aқпaрaт көзі ғaнa болып қоймaй, сонымен қaтaр хaлықaрaлық мәселелерде ықпaл етуші күшке aйнaлып отыр. Мaқaлaдa елдік имиджді қaлыптaстыру мәселесі бәсекеде бaсымдық беретін мaңызды стрaтегиялық ресурс ретінде қaрaстырылaды. Қaзaқстaнның әлемдік сaясaттaғы рөлі, ел имиджі қaзіргі тaңдaғы хaлықaрaлық жaғдaйлaрды мысaлғa келтіре отырып, сaрaптaлaды. Еліміздің ішкі имиджі мәселесіндегі aқпaрaттық PR-қолдaудың қолдaнылуы мен мaңызы тaлдaнaды. Түйінсөздер: ел имиджі, бұқaрaлық aқпaрaт құрaлдaры, бұқaрaлық коммуникaция, хaлықaрaлық жaғдaй, жaһaндық сaясaт, БҰҰ.

Álvarez de la Torre, J., R. Toubes, D.

Safety is one of the main problems of current tourism worldwide and directly threatening the image of any destination. The media contribute to the formation of this image and provide a perception of security or insecurity. Since the perception of insecurity in Brazil has been one of its main weaknesses, the question arises of how the media influence the formation of the image before a major tourist event. A content analysis on the treatment of tourism security in Brazil was carried out for 16 months prior to the Rio'16 Olympic Games in 1,034 Spanish digital media headlines. It is confirmed an excessively alarmist/sensationalist treatment in tourist topics that are related to the image and the Olympic Games. Although in other tourism areas the news is more flat and descriptive it is noticed that stereotypes of image arise on the occasion of major tourist events.

Judite Rodrigues, Sérgio Dias

O Twitter tornou-se num espaço de deliberação política e confronto de posições, em tempo de eleições. Neste sentido, a presente investigação tem como objetivo primordial perceber qual a força política dos EUA – republicanos ou democratas – que possuiu uma maior voz no debate político que se desenrolou no Twitter, durante o período das eleições presidenciais no país, em 2016. À medida que tentamos decifrar esta questão, procuramos também compreender qual o poder que a hashtag possui na comunicação política no Twitter para cada perspetiva partidária. Para tal, foi recolhida e analisada uma base de dados composta por 4399 tweets. Nesta investigação, foi possível concluir que a presença dos republicanos se sobrepõe à dos democratas. No entanto, a verdadeira voz que se faz ouvir na rede é a do cidadão comum. Verificamos ainda que, no Twitter , a hashtag é muito mais do que uma agregadora de conteúdos, pois é também através desta ferramenta que os utilizadores expressam a sua posição política.

Ronda-Pupo Guillermo Armando, Thong Pham

Understanding how a scientist develops new scientific collaborations or how their papers receive new citations is a major challenge in scientometrics. The approach being proposed simultaneously examines the growth processes of the co-authorship and citation networks by analyzing the evolutions of the rich get richer and the fit get richer phenomena. In particular, the preferential attachment function and author fitnesses, which govern the two phenomena, are estimated non-parametrically in each network. The approach is applied to the co-authorship and citation networks of the flagship journal of the strategic management scientific community, namely the Strategic Management Journal. The results suggest that the abovementioned phenomena have been consistently governing both temporal networks. The average of the attachment exponents in the co-authorship network is 0.30 while it is 0.29 in the citation network. This suggests that the rich get richer phenomenon has been weak in both networks. The right tails of the distributions of author fitness in both networks are heavy, which imply that the intrinsic scientific quality of each author has been playing a crucial role in getting new citations and new co-authorships. Since the total competitiveness in each temporal network is founded to be rising with time, it is getting harder to receive a new citation or to develop a new collaboration. Analyzing the average competency, it was found that on average, while the veterans tend to be more competent at developing new collaborations, the newcomers are likely better at acquiring new citations. Furthermore, the author fitness in both networks has been consistent with the history of the strategic management scientific community. This suggests that coupling node fitnesses throughout different networks might be a promising new direction in analyzing simultaneously multiple networks.

Sandipan Sikdar, Matteo Marsili, Niloy Ganguly et al.

A `peer-review system' in the context of judging research contributions, is one of the prime steps undertaken to ensure the quality of the submissions received, a significant portion of the publishing budget is spent towards successful completion of the peer-review by the publication houses. Nevertheless, the scientific community is largely reaching a consensus that peer-review system, although indispensable, is nonetheless flawed. A very pertinent question therefore is "could this system be improved?". In this paper, we attempt to present an answer to this question by considering a massive dataset of around $29k$ papers with roughly $70k$ distinct review reports together consisting of $12m$ lines of review text from the Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP) between 1997 and 2015. In specific, we introduce a novel \textit{reviewer-reviewer interaction network} (an edge exists between two reviewers if they were assigned by the same editor) and show that surprisingly the simple structural properties of this network such as degree, clustering coefficient, centrality (closeness, betweenness etc.) serve as strong predictors of the long-term citations (i.e., the overall scientific impact) of a submitted paper. These features, when plugged in a regression model, alone achieves a high $R^2$ of \0.79 and a low $RMSE$ of 0.496 in predicting the long-term citations. In addition, we also design a set of supporting features built from the basic characteristics of the submitted papers, the authors and the referees (e.g., the popularity of the submitting author, the acceptance rate history of a referee, the linguistic properties laden in the text of the review reports etc.), which further results in overall improvement with $R^2$ of 0.81 and $RMSE$ of 0.46.