Muhammad Usman Amanat, Hutcha Sriplung, Duangporn Kerdpon
Background/purpose: South Asia has a high burden of oral cancer (OC); however, delays in diagnosis remain under-researched. The study investigated delay intervals in OC diagnosis and the contributing factors in rural Pakistan, considering its unique sociocultural context. Materials and methods: This multi-center cross-sectional study employed a structured questionnaire to interview 152 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. The diagnostic intervals were determined using the Aarhus Statement. Logistic regression assessed the association between independent factors and delay types. Results: Patient delays occurred in 76.3 % of cases, mostly due to appraisal delays (65 %), while diagnostic delays appeared in 51.3 %. Median durations for patient, diagnostic, and total delays were 3, 1, and over 4 months, respectively. Appraisal delay was associated with infrequent dental visits (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 11.04, confidence interval [CI]: 2.29–81.53), advanced stage OSCC (AOR: 5.42, CI: 2.35–13.03), and rural residence (AOR: 3.99, CI: 1.75–9.35). Help-seeking delay was linked to use of home remedies (AOR: 5.74, CI: 2.35–14.46) and homeopathy (AOR: 4.72, CI: 1.90–11.91). Patient delay associated with advanced stage OSCC (AOR: 7.73, CI: 3.28–19.12) and rural residence (AOR: 3.91, CI: 1.62–9.69). Diagnostic delay was influenced by patients’ lack of OC knowledge (AOR: 7.33, CI: 1.30–51.74), more than two visits before biopsy (AOR: 52.88, CI: 1.50–270.88), and initial treatment with analgesics (AOR: 13.37, CI: 3.68–60.99) or antimicrobials (AOR: 3.95, CI: 1.06–18.23). Conclusion: Delays in OC diagnosis arise from inadequate patient awareness, rural residence, traditional and complementary medicine use, and health system challenges. Improving healthcare access and public awareness are crucial.
Abstract Background Guava (Psidium guajava Linn) leaf, a traditional memory booster, has been investigated for its acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitory activity using isolated chicken and fish brain homogenates as substitutes for rodent brain homogenates. The study employed a household mixer jar for mincing chicken and fish brains, circumventing the need for expensive tissue homogenizers. Method Following minor adjustments, the in vitro AchE inhibition experiment was conducted according to Ellman et al. (1961). Results Utilizing the mixer jar technique for tissue homogenization, the IC50 values (in µg/ml) for the reference medication, neostigmine, were 9.019 ± 3.43 and 0.587 ± 0.04 for chicken brain and fish brain, respectively. The IC50 values (in µg/ml) of the methanolic extract of P. guajava Linn leaf were 1086 ± 86.31 and 185.8 ± 13.68 for chicken brain and fish brain, respectively, using the mixer jar method. Furthermore, the mixer jar homogenization approach indicated a higher yield of AchE in chicken brain extract compared to fish brain extract. Conclusion The utilization of chicken and fish brains as alternatives to rodents’ brains for AchE inhibition in vitro assay offers an ethical means to avoid unnecessary laboratory animal euthanasia. The methanolic extract of P. guajava Linn leaf exhibited significant AchE inhibitory effects using in vitro Ellman’s assay with chicken and fish brains. Graphical abstract
Background:
Use of indigenous and alternative medicines for illnesses is common in India. Studies on the use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) in Western countries have shown that a significant percentage of men and women with infertility use alternative therapies. Unfortunately, there is no such data specific to the Indian population
Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and use of CAM treatments and supplements in couples with infertility
Settings and Design:
The study was a prospective cross-sectional survey study conducted in an urban assisted reproductive centre attached to a private hospital
Materials and Methods:
All patients presenting with infertility of 1 year or more who consented to participate in the study were interviewed to collect anonymised data on their use of CAM for infertility treatment, including duration of use, treatment costs, adverse effects and information about the prescriber
Statistical Analysis Used:
Data were analysed using SPSS v26. Descriptive statistics summarised demographics and use of CAM. Associations were tested using Fisher’s Exact Test and Mann–Whitney U-test, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant
Results:
271 couples consented to the study. Most were well-educated, and dealing with primary infertility. CAM use was more common among women (10%) than men (5.5%), with Ayurveda being the most frequently used, followed by homeopathy. Herbal medicine use was rare. CAM usage was associated with longer durations of infertility in both genders, and with longer duration of marriage in men (P < 0.05). Most treatments were prescribed by doctors, with minimal use of unlicensed practitioners. No major adverse effects were reported
Conclusion:
CAM use for infertility was less common than expected, and linked to longer infertility duration.
Alastair C. Gray, Christine D. Luketic, Parker Pracjek
et al.
Abstract Background The Academy of Homeopathy Education is a US-based accredited teaching institution offering homeopathy education services to professional and medically licensed homeopathy students. This study reports on clinical outcomes from the teaching clinic from 2020 to 2021. Methods Data collected using the patient-generated outcome measure, the Measure Yourself Concerns and Wellbeing (MYCaW), were anonymized. Mean MYCaW values for initial and subsequent consultations were analyzed for the degree of change across the intervention period in 38 clients. Each client listed up to two complaints. MYCaW scores between initial and subsequent consultations were analyzed for the degree of change (delta) across the intervention period. Results A total of 95 body system-related symptoms were analyzed for change in intensity following the homeopathic intervention. Statistically significant improvements in the intensity of main symptoms were observed between initial and subsequent follow-ups. The main symptom scores showed a mean change in intensity (delta MYCaW) of −0.79 points (95% confidence interval (CI), −1.29 to −0.29; p = 0.003) at first follow-up, a mean change of −1.67 points (95% CI, −2.34 to −0.99; p = 0.001) at second follow-up compared with the initial visit, and a mean change of −1.93 points (95% CI, −3.0 to −0.86; p = 0.008) at third follow-up compared with the initial visit. For clients with four or more follow-ups, the mean delta MYCaW was −1.57 points (95% CI, −2.86 to −0.28; p = 0.039). Conclusion Statistically significant improvements as well as some clinically meaningful changes in symptom intensity were found across a diverse group of individuals with a variety of long-term chronic conditions. The improvement was evident across different body systems and different levels of chronicity. There are limitations to the generalizability of the study due to the research design. Further research and investigation are warranted given the promising results of this work.
We appreciate the interest in our article <i>A Systematic Review of Complementary and Alternative Veterinary Medicine: “Miscellaneous Therapies”</i> published in <i>Animals,</i> Volume 11 [...]
Abstract Background Curative potential of Sida acuta Burm. f. (Malvaceae) leaves on hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and rifampicin was studied. This was aimed at providing a potent therapeutic alternative to conventional drugs in the management of liver and kidney diseases. Methodology Carbon tetrachloride (3 ml/kg bw) and rifampicn (250 mg/kg bw) were administered to induce liver and kidney damage in selected groups of albino rats. Graded doses of Sida acuta leaves extract as well as silymarin (200 mg/kg bw) were then post-administered to experimental animals placed into eight groups of five animals each. Biomarkers of oxidative stress such as lipid profile, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), urea, uric acid, bilirubin and malonidialdehyde (MDA) were determined. Histopathological observations of both renal and hepatic tissues of experimental animals were also performed. Results Animals exposed to CCl4 and rifampicin without treatment exhibited significant derangement in lipid profile, elevated levels of ALT, ALT, ALP, urea, uric acid, bilirubin and MDA in the serum and tissues homogenates. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were significantly inhibited while level of GSH was depleted. Following treatment with S. acuta extract, all deranged parameters including histological alterations were restored in a dose-dependent manner comparable to animals treated with silymarin. Conclusion Biochemical and histopathological data obtained from the present study confirmed that Sida acuta is a potential antioxidant plant that can be exploited in the management of liver and kidney dysfunctions.
Genus Ocimum of Labiatae is well known in all traditional medicinal systems like Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy. The pharmaceutical activities of different species of Ocimum attributed to all plant parts. Roots are the most significant vital organ of the plant, as they absorb water and nutrients from soil and transport to aerial parts of the plants. Roots of Ocimum were found helpful with free-radical scavenging activity to improve physical and mental strength as well as to treat diabetes, malaria, and liver problems. Antibacterial activity of Ocimum roots and its main component, rosmarinic acid, is very beneficial to protect against several human pathogens, including bacteria and viruses. Being so important in every way, roots of Ocimum need healthy rhizosphere. Bacteria, fungi, nematodes, types of soil, fungicide, pesticides, salt, radioactive elements, as well as heavy metal contaminations, affect roots and overall growth of Ocimum in positive or negative ways. Each component of rhizosphere (natural, treatment or contamination) affects the roots, which highlights current ecological scenario to discover biosafe and more productive approaches. For such prestigious organ of Ocimum, development of in vitro root cultures and hairy root cultures assists to reduce the efforts and timing of the traditional cultivation process along with elimination of negative factors in rhizosphere. Different strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes, various media compositions, as well as discrete treatments, like elicitors, on nonidentical species or cultivars of Ocimum boost the root induction, biomass, and accumulation of phytoceuticals differently. Hairy roots and in vitro roots of Ocimum accumulate higher quantity of therapeutic metabolites. These metabolites include several phenolics (like rosmarinic acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, m-coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, chicoric acid, and lithospermic acid), triterpenes (such as betulinic acid, 3-epimaslinic acid, alphitolic acid, euscaphic acids, oleanolic acid, and ursolic acid) as well as flavonoids (flavones, flavonols, and dihydroflavonols). This review highlights pharmaceutical applications of Ocimum roots, a great deal of rhizosphere components and in vitro culturing techniques to enhance biomass as well as chief phytoceuticals.
Muhammad Torequl Islam, Thoufiqul Alam Riaz, Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi
et al.
Abstract Anxiety disorders are general and psychological problems that are also linked to symptoms of depression. This study aimed to investigate the anxiolytic-like effects of Urena lobata L. (MEUL) methanolic extract in different behavioral paradigms in Swiss albino mice. For this, after an oral acute toxicity study, adult male mice were treated with MEUL (250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) and/or diazepam (2 mg/kg, i.p.), and subjected to a number of behavioral studies. In the open-field test, the number of square field cross, grooming, and rearing, was counted, while in the light/dark and swing test, the time spent in the dark portion and number of swings was calculated, respectively. Additionally, the phytochemical analysis was also done. Results reveal that the MEUL possesses alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, terpenes (including triterpenes), gums, and reducing sugars. MEUL showed a significant (p < 0.05) anxiolytic-like effect in experimental animals, where it’s dose-dependently modulated the test parameters in an open-field test. The MEUL also increased the light residence time and the number of swings in a dose-dependent manner. A dose of 500 mg/kg of MEUL caused the highest calming effect when combined with the experimental animals’ diazepam group. Taken together, findings expand an understanding of the impact of U. lobata on the central nervous system and show that this plant may be useful for the treatment of disorders associated with anxiety.
Earnest Oghenesuvwe Erhirhie, Chidozie Ikegbune, Anthony Ifeanyi Okeke
et al.
Abstract Development of resistance by malaria parasites to conventional antimalarial drugs has rejuvenated the exploration of herbal medicine as alternatives. Also, the increasing rate of the use of herbal antimalarial remedies in combination with conventional antimalarial drugs (both synthetic and semi-synthetic) has inspired researchers to validate their herb-drug interaction effects. This review evaluated the interaction outcomes between herbal antimalarial drugs in combination with conventional antimalarial drugs. With the aid of electronic databases, Pubmed and Google scholar, articles related to this subject were sourced from English peer reviewed scientific journals published from 2003 to 2020. Search terms used include “antimalarial-herbal drugs interaction”, “antimalarial medicinal plant interactions with conventional antimalarial drugs”, “drug-herbal interactions, “antimalarial drugs and medicinal plants”. Synergistic, antagonistic and none effects were reported among 30 studies reviewed. Among 18 in vivo studies on P. berghei and P. yoelii nigerense infected mice model, 14 showed synergism, 3 showed antagonism and 1 involving three plants showed both effects. Among 9 in-vivo studies involving normal animal (non-infected), 2 showed antagonism, 2 showed synergism and 5 showed none-effects. Two (2) studies on human volunteers and one (1) in vitro quantitative study showed that Garcinia kola reduced plasma concentrations of quinine and halofantrine. Generally, majority of herbal antimalarial drugs showed synergistic effects with CAMDs. Vernonia amygdalina was the most studied plant compared to others. Consequently, herbal remedies that produced synergistic effects with conventional antimalarial drugs may be prospects for standardization and development of antimalarial-medicinal plant combination therapy that could curtail malaria resistance to conventional antimalarial therapies.
Kamlesh Wadher, Shital Dabre, Anjali Gaidhane
et al.
Abstract Background Pongamia pinnata (Fabaceae) is among those categories of plants mentioned in Ayurveda and traditionally known to use in several types of disease and disorders. The objective of the present work was to investigate the anti-psoriatic activity of Pongamia pinnata leaves extracts in Herbal gel formulation. Results Hydroalcoholic leaves extract of Pongamia pinnata was first subjected to phytochemical screening and quantification of phytoconstituents. Herbal gel was prepared containing Pongamia pinnata extracts using Carbopol 934 as gelling agent. The prepared gel formulations were studied for pH, viscosity, Spreadability and in vitro diffusion studies. The imiquimod-induced psoriatic mouse model, showed a prominent anti-psoriatic activity of the extract as evident through index grading. Treatment with extract confirmed a noteworthy reduction in psoriasis in the treated groups as there was a considerable diminution in the thickness and scaling of skin. Conclusions Lack of proper treatment and disadvantages associated with allopathic medicines pave the way to extensive research in natural products with anti-psoriatic activity. The present research scientifically justified the anti-psoriatic activity of the Hydroalcoholic extracts of Pongamia pinnata leaves.
Introduction. Тhe search for drugs that accelerate the process of resolving post-traumatic reactive changes, which have both sufficient anti-edema and anti-inflammatory effects, and reparative properties, is relevant.Goal of reserch. The purpose of this review is to find a means to speed wound healing after nasal traumas.Materials and methods. The researchers conducted an analysis of scientific research data to evaluate the efficacy of naturopathic mountain arnica-based remedies for the treatment of patients with an external nose trauma accompanied by the formation of edema, hematoma of lateral nasal wall and/or skin abrasions of external nose.Results. This work shows that topical plant remedies based on Аrnicamontana has a pronounced anti-inflammatory and antiedema effect, comparable to the traditionally used for this purpose heparin-containing ointments and gels. However, unlike the latter, products based on Arnica montana have a pronounced wound- healing effect, which allows to significantly reduce the time to resolve traumatic injuries of the skin of the external nose. The analysis of the work also demonstrates the absence of adverse reactions when using this drug.Conclusion. The obtained data allow us to recommend topical naturpathic remedies based on Arnicamontana for use as a firstchoice drug for wound healing after nasal traumas. In addition, the drug is effective in the complex treatment of patients with nasal trauma requiring surgical intervention: at the preoperative stage - to reduce post-traumatic reactions and prepare for surgery, and at the postoperative stage - for the early recovery, reducing edema and inflammation.
Katja Goetz, Matthias Kalder, Ute-Susann Albert
et al.
Abstract Background An important contribution to well-being of human beings can be observed by the use of self-medication products that is reflected in the constantly growing volume of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. The aim of the current study was to extend the measurement concept for OTCs by exploring the relevance of the peripheral assortment provided by the widely accepted framework of the Anatomical Therapeutical and Chemical (ATC) classification of the WHO. Methods The focus was on the prescriptions and drug-related receipts submitted by privately insured persons to 18 private health insurers (PHIs) in Germany from the year 2016. The age- and gender-specific average claims amount per risks of outpatient drug expenditure were used as weights to scale up the relative distributions of the item amounts. The ATC-classification defines the commodity groups and discriminates between the main and the peripheral assortment. A descriptive analysis assessed the OTC frequencies and sum scores of the product groups within the main and peripheral assortment whereby the study group explored and assessed the relevance of each category independently according to the OTCs and integrative medicines. Results The analysis included 22.1 Mio. packages from the main assortment and examined 10.1 Mio. packages from the peripheral assortment. The latter was examined thoroughly and the commodity groups “Pharmaceutical food products”, “Medicinal products for special therapy options” and particular “Hygiene and body care products” meet the defined requirements for OTCs relevant for integrative medicines. A high proportion of OTC products from the peripheral assortment was associated with the categories “medicinal products for special therapy options”. Homeopathy and anthroposophy present two special therapy options, which are relevant for the extended OTC measurement. Conclusions The analysis of OTC drugs is feasible when the main and the peripheral assortment is available and enable to integrate about 18% of all OTCs, which are neglected by the common ATC-based approach. The presented extended approach may help to identify potential users of OTCs or people in need of OTC use. In case of the highly disputed homeopathy and anthroposophy products, more research among interactions with prescriptions drugs (Rx), nutrition’s and other potentially harmful exposures is recommended.
Praneetha Pallerla, Narsimha Reddy Yellu, Ravi Kumar Bobbala
Abstract Background The objective of the study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract fractions of Lindernia ciliata (LC) and development of qualitative analytical profile of the bioactive fraction using HPLC fingerprinting analysis. All the fractions of methanolic extract of Lindernia ciliata (LCME) are assessed for their total phenolic, flavonoid contents and in vitro antioxidant properties by using DPPH, superoxide, nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and reducing power assay. Acute toxicity study was conducted for all the fractions and the two test doses 50 and 100 mg/kg were selected for the hepatoprotective study. Liver damage was induced in different groups of rats by administering 3 g/kg.b.w.p.o. paracetamol and the effect of fractions were tested for hepatoprotective potential by evaluating serum biochemical parameters and histology of liver of rats. The effective fraction was evaluated for its antihepatotoxic activity against D-Galactosamine (400 mg/kg b.w. i.p.) and in vivo antioxidant parameters viz., Glutathione (GSH), Melondialdehyde (MDA) and Catalase (CAT) levels are estimated using liver homogenate. Results Among all the fractions, butanone fraction of LCME, (BNF-LCME) has shown better hepatoprotective activity and hence it is selected to evaluate the antihepatotoxicity against D-GaIN. The activity of BNF-LCME is well supported in in vitro and in vivo antioxidant studies and may be attributed to flavonoidal, phenolic compounds present in the fraction. Hence, BNF-LCME was subjected to the development of qualitative analytical profile using HPLC finger printing analysis. Conclusions All the fractions of LCME exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity and BNF-LCME (50 mg/kg) was identified as the most effective fraction.
Bovine mastitis is an important disease in dairy farming. As alternative therapy to antibiotics, whose use is seen as increasingly critical, farmer try to treat mastitis with homeopathy, for example. The present study examined i) whether homeopathic treatments for bovine mastitis can have positive treatment outcomes, ii) which treatments have been successful and under which conditions, iii) indications for future studies and applications for homeopathy to treat mastitis. 32 studies published to date have been evaluated. Assessment criteria and a rating score of 0 to 5 points were fixed for the appraisal. Healing and prophylaxis of mastitis were the primary focus to highlight the medication success and its framework for suitable mastitis therapy. The top eight studies of this quality ranking were subjected to differentiated evaluation. The selected studies showed a positive treatment outcome of homeopathy. Due to the homeopathic effect and the most used remedies in the selected studies, the medication should be chosen according to the homeopathic drug picture. With homeopathic drugs it was possible to reduce the antibiotic use by up to 75%. Some studies indicated that homeopathy might have a positive long-term effect. Furthermore, the results suggested a high self-healing ability in bovine mastitis.
Abstract Background Popularity of herbal remedies is increasing day by day despite the presence of synthetic drugs to treat the Liver Diseases owing to the adverse effects and high cost of synthetic drugs. Silymarin has tremendous potential for the treatment of various liver disorders because of its high antioxidant potential as liver diseases are associated with increased oxidative stress. The low oral bioavailability of Silymarin continues to be a major challenge in the development of its formulations having clinical efficacy. Our idea was to constitute a pharmaceutical composition of Silymarin with natural products as bioenhancers that might work positively and synergistically in the control of hepatotoxicity. Methods In this work, various combinations of Silymarin with natural bioenhancers such as Lysergol (L), Piperine (P) and Fulvic acid (FA) were prepared and their hepatoprotective activities were evaluated against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity in animal model. Results Although, all the combinations decreased the liver enzymes and changed protein level significantly, group G (silymarin:FA (1:1) + P (10%) was found to be most significant as compared to the toxic control. It also displayed better protection when compared to the marketed tablet containing silymarin alone. None of the combinations showed any signs of cytotoxicity when screened on MCF-7 cells by MTT assay. Conclusions Group G (silymarin:FA (1:1) + P (10%) appeared to be the most effective combination in treating the liver diseases envisaging an industrially viable product of Silymarin as a contemporary therapeutic agent with enhanced bioavailability and medicinal value. Further this combination can be examined for safety and efficacy in clinical studies.
The article introduces the central ideas of Homeopathy as put forward by Samuel Hahnemann in the 1820s, which remain valid in contemporary Homeopathy teachings although they are inconsistent with fundamental laws of nature and have been invalidated by evidence-based medicine. I will propose to conceptualize Homeopathy as a self-proclaimed factual narrative situated on the borderline of fiction, arguing that it fuses fictive with real / factual elements and that its immense popularity and pervasiveness can be explained by its narrative quality and functionality. Further, the article describes strategies of narrativation in the story of Homeopathy as wells as techniques on the level of discourse which mark the texts as part of factual scientific discourse.
Michael Katotomichelakis, K. Van Crombruggen, G. Holtappels
et al.
Abstract Background This study aimed to investigate the nasal decongestive efficacy of an alternative to pharmacotherapy, a herbal nasal spray composed of Scutellaria baicalensis and Eleutherococcus senticosus. Methods Scutellaria baicalensis and Eleuthrococcus senticosus and control solutions were applied separately to isolated mucosal tissue from inferior turbinates. Vasoconstriction was measured as a change in isometric tension. Moreover, twenty allergic rhinitis patients with nasal stuffiness participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study with cross-over design; the same patients served as their placebo control group. Pre-and post-treatment nasal congestion and smell test scores were evaluated for the test and placebo spray using two validated questionnaires, the 5 question nasal congestion questionnaire and the 12 question Brief Smell Identification Test-Version B. Results In the ex-vivo mucosal tissue, the herbal compounds were demonstrated to induce vasoconstriction when applied at 10 mg/ml concentration. The combination of S. baicalensis and E. senticosus proved effective in relieving patients’ nasal congestion and was statistically superior to placebo. No side effects were noted, and there was no difference between the pre-and post-study smell test results. Conclusions The combined S. baicalensis and E. senticosus herbal nasal spray relieved nasal congestion significantly better than placebo without any side effects.
Munmun Koley, Subhranil Saha, Shubhamoy Ghosh
et al.
Homeopathy research has focused on chronic conditions; however, the extent to which current homeopathic care is compliant with the Chronic Care Model (CCM) has been sparsely shown. As the Bengali Patient-Assessed Chronic Illness Care (PACIC)-20 was not available, the English questionnaire was translated and evaluated in a government homeopathic hospital in West Bengal, India. The translation was done in six steps, and approved by an expert committee. Face validity was tested by 15 people for comprehension. Test/retest reliability (reproducibility) was tested on 30 patients with chronic conditions. Internal consistency was tested in 377 patients suffering from various chronic conditions. The questionnaire showed acceptable test/retest reliability [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.57–0.75; positive to strong positive correlations; p<0.0001] for all domains and the total score, strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=0.86 overall and 0.65–0.82 for individual subscales), and large responsiveness (1.11). The overall mean score percentage seemed to be moderate at 69.5±8.8%. Gender and presence of chronic conditions did not seem to vary significantly with PACIC-20 subscale scores (p>0.05); however, monthly household income had a significant influence (p<0.05) on the subscales except for “delivery system or practice design.” Overall, chronic illness care appeared to be quite promising and CCM-compliant. The psychometric properties of the Bengali PACIC-20 were satisfactory, rendering it a valid and reliable instrument for assessing chronic illness care among the patients attending a homeopathic hospital.