Hasil untuk "History America"

Adi Simhi, Fazl Barez, Martin Tutek et al.

How does the conversational past of large language models (LLMs) influence their future performance? Recent work suggests that LLMs are affected by their conversational history in unexpected ways. For instance, hallucinations in prior interactions may influence subsequent model responses. In this work, we introduce History-Echoes, a framework that investigates how conversational history biases subsequent generations. The framework explores this bias from two perspectives: probabilistically, we model conversations as Markov chains to quantify state consistency; geometrically, we measure the consistency of consecutive hidden representations. Across three model families and six datasets spanning diverse phenomena, our analysis reveals a strong correlation between the two perspectives. By bridging these perspectives, we demonstrate that behavioral persistence manifests as a geometric trap, where gaps in the latent space confine the model's trajectory. Code available at https://github.com/technion-cs-nlp/OldHabitsDieHard.

Lang Feng, Fuchao Yang, Feng Chen et al.

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) enable agentic systems trained with reinforcement learning (RL) over multi-turn interaction trajectories, but practical deployment is bottlenecked by rapidly growing textual histories that inflate token budgets and memory usage. We introduce AgentOCR, a framework that exploits the superior information density of visual tokens by representing the accumulated observation-action history as a compact rendered image. To make multi-turn rollouts scalable, AgentOCR proposes segment optical caching. By decomposing history into hashable segments and maintaining a visual cache, this mechanism eliminates redundant re-rendering. Beyond fixed rendering, AgentOCR introduces agentic self-compression, where the agent actively emits a compression rate and is trained with compression-aware reward to adaptively balance task success and token efficiency. We conduct extensive experiments on challenging agentic benchmarks, ALFWorld and search-based QA. Remarkably, results demonstrate that AgentOCR preserves over 95\% of text-based agent performance while substantially reducing token consumption (>50\%), yielding consistent token and memory efficiency. Our further analysis validates a 20x rendering speedup from segment optical caching and the effective strategic balancing of self-compression.

Ruijun Dang, Daniel J. Jacob, Huiqun Wang et al.

Free tropospheric (FT) nitrogen dioxide (NO2) plays a critical role in atmospheric oxidant chemistry as a source of tropospheric ozone and of the hydroxyl radical (OH). It also contributes significantly to satellite-observed tropospheric NO2 columns, and must be subtracted when using these columns to quantify surface emissions of nitrogen oxide radicals (NOx = NO + NO2). But large uncertainties remain in the sources and chemistry of FT NO2 because observations are sparse. Here, we construct a new cloud-sliced FT NO2 (700-300 hPa) product from the TEMPO geostationary satellite instrument over North America. This product provides higher data density and quality than previous products from low Earth orbit (LEO) instruments, with the first observation of the FT NO2 diurnal cycle across seasons. Combined with coincident observations from the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM), the TEMPO data demonstrate the dominance of lightning as a source of FT NO2 in non-winter seasons. Comparison of TEMPO FT NO2 data with the GEOS-CF atmospheric chemistry model shows overall consistent magnitudes, seasonality, and diurnal variation, with a midday minimum in non-winter seasons from photochemical loss. However, there are major discrepancies that we attribute to GEOS-CF's use of a standard cloud-top-height (CTH)-based scheme for the lightning NOx source. We find this scheme greatly underestimates offshore lighting flash density and misrepresents the diurnal cycle of lightning over land. Our FT NO2 product provides a unique resource for improving the lightning NOx parameterization in atmospheric models and the ability to use NO2 observations from space to quantify surface NOx emissions.

Zefanya Bramantasaputra, Dea Daniella Wangsawijaya, Bharathram Ganapathisubramani

The present study experimentally investigates the recovery of smooth-wall turbulent boundary layers (TBLs) following non-equilibrium pressure gradients (PGs). The imposed pressure gradient history (PGH) comprises favourable-adverse pressure gradient (FAPG) sequences of varying strength, followed by recovery to zero-pressure-gradient (ZPG) conditions. Hot-wire anemometry measurements were obtained at multiple downstream stations in the recovery region, with friction Reynolds numbers $Re_τ$ ranging from 2000 to 6000 depending on downstream development. Comparative analysis at matched $Re_τ$ and Clauser pressure gradient parameter $β$ enables clear assessment of history effects on TBL behaviour. Results show that increasing PGH strength enhances the wake in mean velocity profiles and amplifies turbulence intensities across the boundary layer, including the inner peak, logarithmic region, and outer peak (a signature of APG). Downstream, the mean flow gradually recovers toward a ZPG-like state, but turbulence in the outer region retains a lasting impact of PGH. Spectral analysis indicates that PGH primarily affects outer-layer scales, introducing a distinct PG peak and modifying the VLSM peak - with energy amplification dependent on PGH strength and spatial characteristics governed by history effects. Downstream recovery involves merging of large-scale wavelengths and the reorganisation of turbulence structures toward a ZPG-like state - although the `recovered' VLSM streamwise length becomes shortened due to the mixing of lengthscales with the PG peak. These results demonstrate that even under matched local parameters, TBLs retain a clear imprint of their upstream history, consistent with the findings of Preskett et al. (2025); moreover, this study provides new insights regarding the central role of scale interactions in the recovery mechanism of TBL subjected to complex PGH.

Chen Zhang, Bo Hu, Weidong Chen et al.

While large language models (LLMs) have proven effective in leveraging textual data for recommendations, their application to multimodal recommendation tasks remains relatively underexplored. Although LLMs can process multimodal information through projection functions that map visual features into their semantic space, recommendation tasks often require representing users' history interactions through lengthy prompts combining text and visual elements, which not only hampers training and inference efficiency but also makes it difficult for the model to accurately capture user preferences from complex and extended prompts, leading to reduced recommendation performance. To address this challenge, we introduce HistLLM, an innovative multimodal recommendation framework that integrates textual and visual features through a User History Encoding Module (UHEM), compressing multimodal user history interactions into a single token representation, effectively facilitating LLMs in processing user preferences. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed mechanism.

Weizhi Tang, Vaishak Belle

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently shown a promise and emergence of Theory of Mind (ToM) ability and even outperform humans in certain ToM tasks. To evaluate and extend the boundaries of the ToM reasoning ability of LLMs, we propose a novel concept, taxonomy, and framework, the ToM reasoning with Zero, Finite, and Infinite Belief History and develop a multi-round text-based game, called $\textit{Pick the Right Stuff}$, as a benchmark. We have evaluated six LLMs with this game and found their performance on Zero Belief History is consistently better than on Finite Belief History. In addition, we have found two of the models with small parameter sizes outperform all the evaluated models with large parameter sizes. We expect this work to pave the way for future ToM benchmark development and also for the promotion and development of more complex AI agents or systems which are required to be equipped with more complex ToM reasoning ability.

Abinash Kumar Shaw, Raghunath Ghara, Paz Beniamini et al.

We propose different estimators to probe the intergalactic medium (IGM) during epoch of reionization (EoR) using the dispersion measure (${\rm DM}$) of the fast radio bursts. We consider three different reionization histories, which we can distinguish with a total of $\lesssim 1000\,{\rm DM}$ measurements during EoR if their redshifts are known. We note that the redshift derivatives of ${\rm DM}$ are also directly sensitive to the reionization history. The major point of this work is to explore the variance in the ${\rm DM}$ measurements and the information encoded in them. We find that the all-sky average $\overline{\rm DM}(z)$ gets biased from the line-of-sight (LoS) fluctuations in the ${\rm DM}$ measurements introduced by the ionization of IGM during EoR. We find that the ratio $σ_{\rm DM}/\overline{\rm DM}$ depends directly on the ionization bubble sizes as well as the reionization history. On the other hand, we also find that angular variance (coined as $\textit{structure function}$) of ${\rm DM}$ encodes the information about the duration of reionization and the typical bubble sizes as well. We establish the usefulness of variances in ${\rm DM}$ using toy models of reionization and later verify it with the realistic reionization simulations.

Mónica Beatriz Hurtado Ayala

Este artículo reflexiona los signos más importantes erigidos alrededor de la clase media por el cine mexicano de la Época de Oro, esto es, la producción cinematográfica de finales de la década de los treinta y los primeros años de los cincuenta del siglo XX. Durante este periodo correspondió también un impulso muy importante a la industrialización y urbanización nacional desde el grupo en el poder, que conllevó la consolidación y expansión de la clase media mexicana. Derivado de esto, este estrato social experimentó contradicciones alrededor de su identidad, debatiéndose entre elementos como el amor, el dinero o la familia. El cine participó dentro de este proceso, discutiendo los mecanismos de ascenso social, reproduciendo y nutriendo prácticas, dando pie a otras, y constituyendo un delicado discurso que encarnó las tensiones, miedos y sueños de esta clase social. Todo ello a través de mecanismos de mediación tejidos entre el espacio histórico y fílmico, que pueden ser un vehículo historiográfico valioso para comprender la complejidad de la yuxtaposición que se vivía durante el periodo entre el México tradicional y el moderno.

Sébastien Rozeaux

Daniel Moyano

El desarrollo de la industria azucarera en Tucumán (Argentina) en el último cuarto del siglo XIX generó una vertiginosa transformación de la economía provincial. La creciente elaboración de azúcares y aguardientes y la necesidad de colocarla en los mayores mercados del país, representó uno de los principales estímulos para el desarrollo de la infraestructura ferroviaria. En 1895, tres líneas vinculaban a Tucumán con la región central y los puertos, una con el norte, y otra recorría el interior de la provincia, enlazando los departamentos del sur tucumano, entre la llanura central y la zona del piedemonte. Con todo, los rieles conectaron, además de ingenios y fincas agrícolas, a numerosos centros poblacionales, por lo que no solo modificaron las comunicaciones y el transporte de personas sino que favorecieron la expansión del comercio en el interior de la provincia. El artículo analiza la estructura comercial desarrollada en Tucumán asociada al crecimiento económico generado por el auge azucarero y a la red ferroviaria que surcó el interior, con el foco puesto en su magnitud y distribución dentro del espacio provincial. Apoyaremos nuestro estudio en datos estadísticos, información cualitativa y en fuentes escasamente trabajadas, como las cédulas censales de 1895 sobre el sector comercial.

Heloisa Barbuy

Resumo Este artigo contribui para o campo de pesquisa das representações de História do Brasil, por meio do rastreamento e o exame de ideias e projetos propostos para um monumento à Independência, que seria construído no sítio do Ipiranga. Tem como eixo as conformações materiais e visuais sucessivamente propostas para o monumento, desde os anos 1820 até final do século XIX. Estende-se brevemente ao Centenário da Independência, quando, em torno das comemorações, o Monumento do Ipiranga foi completado.

Jessica E. Thorne, Aaron S. G. Robotham, Sabine Bellstedt et al.

Gas-phase metallicities of galaxies are typically measured through auroral or nebular emission lines, but metallicity also leaves an imprint on the overall spectral energy distribution (SED) of a galaxy and can be estimated through SED fitting. We use the ProSpect SED fitting code with a flexible parametric star formation history and an evolving metallicity history to self-consistently measure metallicities, stellar mass, and other galaxy properties for $\sim90\,000$ galaxies from the Deep Extragalactic VIsible Legacy Survey (DEVILS) and Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey. We use these to trace the evolution of the mass-metallicity relation (MZR) and show that the MZR only evolves in normalisation by $\sim0.1\,$dex at stellar mass $M_\star = 10^{10.5}\,M_\odot$. We find no difference in the MZR between galaxies with and without SED evidence of active galactic nuclei emission at low redshifts ($z<0.3$). Our results suggest an anti-correlation between metallicity and star formation activity at fixed stellar mass for galaxies with $M_\star > 10^{10.5}\,M_\odot$ for $z<0.3$. Using the star formation histories extracted using ProSpect we explore higher-order correlations of the MZR with properties of the star formation history including age, width, and shape. We find that at a given stellar mass, galaxies with higher metallicities formed most of their mass over shorter timescales, and before their peak star formation rate. This work highlights the value of exploring the connection of a galaxy's current gas-phase metallicity to its star formation history in order to understand the physical processes shaping the MZR.

Yanzhao Zheng, Haibin Wang, Baohua Dong et al.

Recently, context-dependent text-to-SQL semantic parsing which translates natural language into SQL in an interaction process has attracted a lot of attention. Previous works leverage context-dependence information either from interaction history utterances or the previous predicted SQL queries but fail in taking advantage of both since of the mismatch between natural language and logic-form SQL. In this work, we propose a History Information Enhanced text-to-SQL model (HIE-SQL) to exploit context-dependence information from both history utterances and the last predicted SQL query. In view of the mismatch, we treat natural language and SQL as two modalities and propose a bimodal pre-trained model to bridge the gap between them. Besides, we design a schema-linking graph to enhance connections from utterances and the SQL query to the database schema. We show our history information enhanced methods improve the performance of HIE-SQL by a significant margin, which achieves new state-of-the-art results on the two context-dependent text-to-SQL benchmarks, the SparC and CoSQL datasets, at the writing time.

Yunjia Xi, Weiwen Liu, Jieming Zhu et al.

As the final stage of the multi-stage recommender system (MRS), reranking directly affects users' experience and satisfaction, thus playing a critical role in MRS. Despite the improvement achieved in the existing work, three issues are yet to be solved. First, users' historical behaviors contain rich preference information, such as users' long and short-term interests, but are not fully exploited in reranking. Previous work typically treats items in history equally important, neglecting the dynamic interaction between the history and candidate items. Second, existing reranking models focus on learning interactions at the item level while ignoring the fine-grained feature-level interactions. Lastly, estimating the reranking score on the ordered initial list before reranking may lead to the early scoring problem, thereby yielding suboptimal reranking performance. To address the above issues, we propose a framework named Multi-level Interaction Reranking (MIR). MIR combines low-level cross-item interaction and high-level set-to-list interaction, where we view the candidate items to be reranked as a set and the users' behavior history in chronological order as a list. We design a novel SLAttention structure for modeling the set-to-list interactions with personalized long-short term interests. Moreover, feature-level interactions are incorporated to capture the fine-grained influence among items. We design MIR in such a way that any permutation of the input items would not change the output ranking, and we theoretically prove it. Extensive experiments on three public and proprietary datasets show that MIR significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art models using various ranking and utility metrics.

Leticia Peña Barrera

In this work I refer descriptively to the historical moment in which the Chapel of the Conciliar Seminary of Ciudad Juárez was built and to those who, both bishop and architect, knew how to interpret the canons of the reform of the church that was gestated to build a modern architectural icon. Recognition is given to those people who contributed, through their vision, to defining relevant buildings in the field of modernity and who were ahead of their time: the architect Óscar Sánchez Cordero, the engineer Adolfo Álvarez as a builder and Bishop Don Manuel Talamas Camandari.

Vicente Robalino

En este ensayo se hace un análisis e interpretación de siete cuentos de aparecidos del Ecuador; para ello, el autor parte de la siguiente pregunta: ¿cómo se construye la representación icónico-alegórica de lo sobrenatural en los cuentos seleccionados? Para responder a esta pregunta se analizan los espacios kinésicos y proxémicos de los relatos seleccionados. De estas dos categorías semióticas destaca la imagen icónica, como modeladora de los espacios de lo sobrenatural, unida a los espacios geográficos donde trascurre la acción de estos relatos. De esta relación —espacio natural-espacio geográfico— emergen los efectos fantásticos. Sin embargo, en algunos de estos relatos la presencia dominante de la alegoría-moralizante destruye la percepción de lo fantástico como en “Vico y el duende”, “El enano (duende)” y en gran medida también en “Mariangula”. En cambio, en otros relatos, como “Almita en pena”, se enriquece la imagen icónica de lo sobrenatural con la incorporación del rito y del símbolo.

Fernanda Rios Petrarca, Arthur Ives Nunes

Este artigo examina a constituição da elite jurídica sergipana de fins do século XIX até as primeiras décadas do século XX, com o objetivo de examinar os seus padrões de recrutamento e suas modalidades de ascensão profissional. Em termos metodológicos, partimos daqueles que ocuparam as posições dirigentes na esfera jurídica no estado e analisamos as trajetórias destes profissionais considerando, num primeiro momento, o perfil sociográfico e a relação com o espaço econômico, social e político. E, num segundo momento, a história política do grupo familiar do qual faziam parte. Os principais resultados desta pesquisa permitem apontar que as relações de base familiar forneceram os critérios fundamentais para o recrutamento e ascensão no judiciário. Além disso, o título de bacharel em direito representou uma estratégia decisiva nas formas de reestruturação das elites políticas e econômicas, uma vez que por meio deste diploma as elites não só conservaram sua po- sição dominante, valorizando seu capital social, como controlaram o acesso às posições dirigentes dentro do sistema de justiça.

Susana Cesco

A censura foi uma ferramenta importante do projeto político dos governos ditatoriais de 1964 a 1985. Este texto analisa os caminhos percorridos pela política de controle estatal, especialmente no que diz respeito às normas e critérios adotados para proibir e cercear a livre circulação de ideias. A abordagem recai no trabalho de censores, autoridades policiais e na própria reestruturação e atuação da Polícia Federal nas décadas de 1960 e 1970 que passou a atuar como órgão responsável pela censura no país. Para esse estudo tem-se por base dois documentos elaborados no ano de 1970, intitulados “Normas Gerais - recomendação verbal à imprensa falada, escrita e televisionada” e “Instruções para a Execução da Censura à Posteriori”, além de documentos administrativos da Polícia Federal que direcionaram a atuação dos censores e relataram seus resultados.

Jean Surdej

The present notes refer to a lecture delivered on 27 September 2017 in Roscoff during the 2017 Evry Schatzman School. It concerns a general introduction to optical/IR interferometry, including a brief history, a presentation of the basic principles, some important theorems and relevant applications.The layout of these lecture notes is as follows. After a short introduction, we proceed with some reminders concerning the representation of a field of electromagnetic radiation. We then present a short history of interferometry, from the first experiment of Fizeau and Stefan to modern optical interferometers. We then discuss the notions of light coherence, including the van Cittert - Zernicke theorem and describe the principle of interferometry using two telescopes. We present some examples of modern interferometers and typical results obtained with these. Finally, we address three important theorems: the fundamental theorem, the convolution theorem and the Wiener-Khinchin theorem which enable to get a better insight into the field of optical/IR interferometry.

Dhiraj Kumar Hazra, Daniela Paoletti, Fabio Finelli et al.

Cosmic Microwave Background temperature and polarization anisotropies from Planck have estimated a lower value of the optical depth to reionization ($τ$) compared to WMAP. A significant period in the reionization history would then fall within $6<z< 10$, where detection of galaxies with Hubble Frontier Fields program and independent estimation of neutral hydrogen in the inter galactic medium by Lyman-$α$ observations are also available. This overlap allows an analysis of cosmic reionization which utilizes a direct combination of CMB and these astrophysical measurements and potentially breaks degeneracies in parameters describing the physics of reionization. For the first time we reconstruct reionization histories by assuming photo-ionization and recombination rates to be free-form and by allowing underlying cosmological parameters to vary with CMB (temperature and polarization anisotropies and lensing) data from Planck 2018 release and a compilation of astrophysical data. We find an excellent agreement between the low-$\ell$ Planck 2018 HFI polarization likelihood and astrophysical data in determining the integrated optical depth. By combining both data, we report for a minimal reconstruction $τ=0.051^{+0.001+0.002}_{-0.0012-0.002}$ at 68\% and 95\% CL, which, for the errors in the current astrophysical measurements quoted in the literature, is nearly twice better than the projected cosmic variance limited CMB measurements. For the duration of reionization, redshift interval between 10\% and complete ionization, we get $2.9^{+0.12+0.29}_{-0.16-0.26}$ at 68\% and 95\% CL, which improves significantly on the corresponding result obtained by using Planck 2015 data. By a Bayesian analysis of the combined results we do not find evidence beyond monotonic reionization histories, therefore multi-phase reionization scenario is disfavored compared to minimal alternatives.