Hasil untuk "Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade"

Yun Zhou, Xinran Yin, Yifan Chen et al.

Accelerating renewable energy development is critical for climate goals, with photovoltaic (PV) power emerging as a leading technology. However, PV's land-intensive nature triggers a “green-green dilemma” between climate targets and natural resource conservation, that is a globally prevalent challenge particularly acute in Zhejiang Province, China, where land constraints hamper large-scale PV expansion. To address this issue, this study proposes six PV-industry complementary modes including mountain-based agrophotovoltaics and offshore wind-solar hybrids, etc. Furthermore, we introduce the data-driven complementary development (DCD) framework, an innovative approach integrating K-means clustering, Mann–Whitney U test, and significance-based tier-searching (STS) algorithm to quantify subregional development potential for each mode. Unlike traditional clustering methods, the DCD framework enhances statistical robustness in potential identification. Applied to 90 subregions in Zhejiang, this framework reveals that most areas are suited for at least one complementary mode, providing actionable insights for local policymakers. This study makes three key contributions: enriching PV complementary development literature, proposing a replicable decision-support tool for resource-constrained regions, and offering targeted strategies to balance renewable energy growth and natural resource preservation in Zhejiang.

Luana Passos-Reis, Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal Pino, Juan C. Rodríguez-Ramírez et al.

Astrophysical neutrinos from Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) offer a unique window into high-energy particle acceleration in obscured environments. The nearby Type II Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068 is a compelling example, exhibiting evidence of a high-energy neutrino excess without an associated TeV $γ$-ray counterpart. This suggests that hadronic processes may occur within an inner, magnetically dominated region, where the TeV emission is suppressed by $γγ$ absorption and reprocessed via electromagnetic cascades in the dense, obscured environment. Building on our framework, which establishes turbulence-driven magnetic reconnection as the main driver for particle acceleration in this source, we present a refined lepto-hadronic model based on de Gouveia Dal Pino & Lazarian (2005) and Kadowaki et al. (2015). In these proceedings, we adopt a conservative inner disk radius compared to our previous results, moving the acceleration region further from the innermost stable circular orbit. We estimate the high-energy neutrino emission from hadronic and photo-hadronic processes, constrained by the acceleration timescale for first-order Fermi acceleration within the turbulent current sheet. The estimated model reproduces the IceCube neutrino flux excess, providing an essential technical complement and validation for our forthcoming comprehensive publication.

Xueli Chen, John Aston, David Thompson et al.

Lignocellulose, as a plentiful and renewable carbonaceous resource, presents an alluring alternative to fossil fuels for sustaining industries in the pursuit of a resilient bio-based economy. Sugars derived from lignocellulosic biomass play a central role as versatile platform intermediates for feeding microorganisms or as starting chemicals for manufacturing value-added fuels, chemicals, and materials. However, commercialization faces challenges due to the complexity and high costs associated with feedstock logistics and conversion processes. Pelleting offers a potential solution by addressing logistical issues while providing additional benefits for downstream conversion that may outweigh the extra costs associated with pelleting. To fully unlock the economic and sustainable potential of lignocellulosic biomass in biorefineries, recent advances in pelleting technologies and their impacts on downstream pretreatments and enzyme-mediated conversion are critically reviewed. Pelleting has been shown to improve enzymatic digestibility yields by 5‒20%. The process variables, product attributes, and their influences on bioconversion are discussed. More significantly, a thorough discussion of the effect of pelleting on various pretreatments, concerning diverse feedstocks, as well as their interplay, is provided to inform the design of future pelleting and pretreatment processes. Finally, practical considerations, including energy consumption, costs, and environmental impacts, are discussed, alongside an exploration of cutting-edge technologies and strategies in this field.

Wen-Bin Hao, Bo Xie, Zhi-Gao Meng et al.

Abstract The integration of renewable energy into power systems has introduced significant complexity and dynamism, particularly in the interaction between distribution network and VPP. Existing methods struggle to capture the complex and dynamic characteristics, while machine learning techniques like LSTM remain underutilized in this context. This study proposes a methodology for evaluating distribution network-VPP interaction in uncertain environments. The methodology integrates a multi-dimensional evaluation index system with a dynamic weighting approach that combines the entropy method for initial weight generation and LSTM for optimization. The evaluation index system covers economic, safety, and flexibility dimensions, with specific indicators designed to capture the complex interdependencies and dynamic characteristics. The LSTM, leveraging its ability to process sequential data and capture temporal dependencies, dynamically adjusts the weights of evaluation indicators based on historical operational patterns, thereby enhancing the accuracy and adaptability of the assessment. Implementation results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves high accuracy and reliability, with MSE of 0.0012, MAE of 0.0056, and WRC of 96.2%. Testing using real-world operational data from a regional distribution network confirms a 95.0% match with expert argumentation, highlighting the practical applicability and robustness of the methodology. This study contributes to the advancement of data-driven decision-making frameworks for power system planning and operation, particularly in the context of integrating distributed energy resources and achieving carbon neutrality goals.

Bin HUANG, Wei ZHAO, Lida LIAO et al.

[Introduction] The "carbon peak and neutrality" strategy has put forward a new path for China's energy development, which restricts the use of traditional fossil energy, and promotes the Chinese government to increase its support for the development of the new energy industry. Photovoltaic, as a new energy which is the most accessible and has the widest coverage, has become the first choice to solve the current energy and environmental problems. However, if we want to increase its market scale and realize the vigorous development of photovoltaic industry, it is necessary to find out and solve the pain points and difficulties of the current stage. [Method] China's policy on the whole photovoltaic industry chain was combed and analyzed to explore the shortcomings of the photovoltaic industry incentive policy. Based on the data from 33 sample enterprises in the A-share market from 2000 to 2021, the DEA model was built and the integrated innovation benefits and scale benefits of China's PV industry under the guidance of policy were explored. And using the panel regression analysis method, the different impacts of different regional policies on the innovation capacity of the upstream, middle and downstream enterprises of the PV industry. were explored. [Result] The research shows that the policy subsidies have a more significant impact on the innovation benefits of upstream photovoltaic enterprises, which is positively correlated with the development of enterprises in the eastern region. While in the western region, the opposite is the case, and there are certain regional differences. [Conclusion] It is necessary to improve the preferential policy strength in the photovoltaic technology innovation level, and carry out a reasonable industry chain planning and layout in combination with the regional advantages.

Zhenhua An, Jiangkuan Xing, Ryoichi Kurose

As climate change intensifies, the global push for de-carbonization highlights the urgent need for carbon-free fuels. Ammonia (NH3), with zero carbon emissions and a notable ability as a hydrogen carrier (17.8 % by weight), has emerged as a promising candidate for a net-zero economy. Over the past decade, substantial research has been devoted to the combustion of gaseous ammonia. However, liquid ammonia has several key advantages over gaseous ammonia, including high energy density, cost efficiency, system simplicity, and a high octane number. Despite these benefits, challenges such as high NOx emissions, low combustion stability, significant latent heat, and susceptibility to flash boiling necessitate further exploration. This article comprehensively reviews the current state of research on liquid ammonia as a fuel, covering experimental and numerical efforts regarding fundamental fuel properties, spray characteristics, flame stabilization, combustion performance, and emissions. By systematically summarizing the recent advancements in liquid ammonia spraying and combustion, this review aims to serve as a cornerstone for future experimental and numerical studies and industrial applications, providing a reference for the research and utilization of liquid ammonia combustion.

Bo Yan, Hongyuan Liu, Xinyan Peng

Evaluating the economic benefits of tight oil resources is necessary for China to increase its tight oil production and reserves. This study systematically analyzes the uncertainties in tight oil development in China, the factors affecting the tight oil economy, and the coevolution of the economic development of tight oil resources from the technology and market perspectives. The results indicate that a positive market environment and technological progress are important for realizing the economic development of tight oil. Four potential scenarios for the development of tight oil resources in China are also identified (i.e., the current scenario, limited scenario, efficient development scenario, and inefficient development scenario), each associated with different internal rates of return (8 %, 14 %, 20 %, and 6 %, respectively).

Tshepo Sithole, Vasudeva Rao Veeredhi, Thembelani Sithebe

This study evaluates the performance of three wind turbine prototypes (Prototypes 1, 2, and 3) in Soweto, South Africa, by analyzing their monthly energy generation under different time of day/month conditions. Prototype 3 emerges as the most efficient, generating 39.5 W at a wind speed of 1.17 m/s and projecting a maximum of 40 kWh per month. Building upon these results, a predictive study examines the feasibility of implementing the same technology in coastal regions, specifically Gqeberha, where stronger winds prevail. Utilizing empirical data from Soweto, the study forecasts an improved energy output of up to 54.3 W at a wind speed of 5.16 m/s (18.6 km/h) and up to 100 kWh per month. The findings highlight the potential benefits of utilizing wind turbine technology in coastal areas, contributing valuable insights to renewable energy system development in similar geographical contexts.

Yufeng Chen, Kashif Raza, Majed Alharthi

Energy is essential for economic growth; however, energy consumption also negatively influences long-term economic progress by adversely affecting environmental quality and human welfare in the developing world. Developing nations strive to accomplish more development, which increases their energy consumption. Therefore, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of energy consumption in the context of developing economies using data from 1990 to 2019. By utilizing a host of second-generation econometric methods, the study has empirically analyzed the impact of personal remittances and education on energy consumption, while considering the possible effect of economic growth, energy prices, and trade to avoid omitted variable bias. A 1% increase in remittances leads to a −0.06735% reduction in energy consumption. A 1% increase in education causes a 0.496353% increase in energy consumption. A 1% increase in energy prices leads to a −0.008472% decline in energy consumption. The long-run results indicate that remittances and energy prices reduce energy consumption while education and economic growth increase energy consumption. Trade openness also stimulates energy consumption in these countries. The results imply that remittances and energy prices can be utilized as a tool to reduce energy consumption. We also used panel quantile regression for robustness check and the outcomes validated these findings. İnterestingly, the impact of remittances on energy consumption is more pronounced at upper quantiles. Lastly, the study is concluded by discussing policy directions.

Axel Brandenburg, Nousaba Nasrin Protiti

Conversion of electromagnetic energy into magnetohydrodynamic energy occurs when the electric conductivity changes from negligible to finite values. This process is relevant during the epoch of reheating of the early Universe at the end of inflation and before the emergence of the radiation-dominated era. We find that conversion into kinetic and thermal energies is primarily the result of electric energy dissipation and that the magnetic energy plays only a secondary role in this process. This means that, since electric energy dominates over magnetic energy during inflation and reheating, significant amounts of electric energy can be converted into magnetohydrodynamic energy when conductivity emerges early enough, before the relevant length scales become stable.

Valerie Reif, Thomas I. Strasser, Joseba Jimeno et al.

Smart grid interoperability is the means to achieve the twin green and digital transition but re-mains heterogeneous and fragmented to date. This work presents the first ideas and corner-stones of an Interoperability Roadmap for the Energy Transition that is being developed by the Horizon Europe int:net project. This roadmap builds on four cornerstones that address open interoperability issues. These are a knowledge base to address the lack of convergence among existing initiatives, a maturity model and a network of testing and certification facilities to ad-dress the lack of practical tools for the industry, and a governance process to address the gap between standards-related approaches of Standards Development Organisations and Research and Innovation projects. A community of practice will be set up to ensure the continuity of the ongoing activities related to smart grid interoperability. To outlive the duration of the int:net project, the aim is to formalise the community of practice as a legal entity.

Thushara Gunda, S. Ferencz, Priya I. Hora et al.

from ABSTRACT The bipartisan Infrastructure Investment and Jobs act commits significant resources for hydrogen, making it, moving it, storing it, and using it. This presentation will discuss hydrogen’s role in a deeply decarbonized economy, its potential role in difficult to abate sectors. As the focus of this Webinar is water’s role in a carbon neutral future, the presentation aims to put the water consumption for “Green”, “Pink”, and “Blue” hydrogen into context with other uses for water and energy production. It will focus primarily on Arizona as over the last fifteen years, the Southwest has experienced significant drought conditions, including Arizona. These conditions can lead to necessary changes in the state's water supply availability. However, the state has significant resources for producing hydrogen given the largest nuclear facility in the country and the only one not near a large body of water, blessed with a great solar resource and ample land. The state in a carbon neutral future will also have several use cases for that hydrogen. Furthermore, the state has good geology for storing the hydrogen. However, This presentation will address potential opportunities for water and wastewater systems to help balance renewable energy variability to the grid. Demand and supply-side options will be described, and practical barriers and possible solutions will be presented. ABSTRACT SPEAKER Cultivation of algae biomass is being pursued as a means for renewable production of various commodities, including fuels, polymers, fertilizers, and feeds, using non-arable land and non-freshwater resources. The especially attractive feature of algae, and the basis of much of the R&D investments, is the especially high productivity of algae biomass, which exceeds terrestrial plants by at least a factor of 3, coupled to favorable biochemical composition. However, DOE’s assessments of scale-up potential for all promising algae biofuel technologies to-date have resulted in Nth-plant model costs that exceed that of petroleum-derived products by factors of ~3-5. In light of this significant technoeconomic hurdle, new approaches for algae production are being pursued for incorporating ecosystem services to offset high costs for utilization of the biomass, including CO2 capture and remediation of compromised surface waters. In this presentation, we will discuss specific algae production technologies, including Open Raceway Ponds, attached ‘Turf Algae’ systems, and off-shore cultivation of macroalgae, and their respective connections to specific bioproducts, CO2 capture, and water resource management. Recent findings from researchers at Sandia suggest that cost effective, and in some cases, carbon negative solutions exist for algae industry scale-up, especially for generation of multiple products in a biorefinery context coupled to ecosystem services, such as water clean-up. ABSTRACT SPEAKER Construction is the largest driver of materials demand worldwide, and as a function of this high level of consumption, construction materials are a significant contributor to global environmental burdens. Concrete is the most consumed of these materials, with global production on the order of magnitude of 30 Gt annually. Concrete is composed of cement (a hydraulic binder), water, and aggregates. The broad availability of these resources, their low cost, and the desirable properties of concrete have driven its high demand. However, the chemical-derived and energy-derived CO2 emissions associated with producing cement, coupled with its high production levels to meet concrete demand is resulting in what is estimated as over 7% of the world’s anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Beyond the noteworthy CO2 emissions from producing cement and concrete, water consumption for the production of concrete is extremely high when considering water as a constituent, water used in energy ABSTRACT SPEAKER Water-borne shipping is the leading transportation mode for U.S.-international trade by weight and value, and globally accounts for nearly 3% of all greenhouse gas emissions. However, decarbonizing the marine shipping sector has proved challenging for many reasons. Because it is already one of the most sustainable ways to ship freight, without more, emissions tied to marine shipping are only expected to increase as freight from more carbon-intense modes is routed to marine transport. Dr. Dundon will discuss the unique challenges of decarbonizing the North American shipping industry, the results of a recent study she led that focuses on decarbonizing the U.S. inland waterways, and the incentives, data, and, information still needed to support the transition to net-zero in the marine shipping industry. ABSTRACT SPEAKER Industrial mineral extraction requires water for a range of physical and chemical processes whereby metals can be produced from ore bodies. This presentation relates to ongoing research being carried out on applying life cycle analysis techniques to evaluate the environmental impact of a range of extraction processes in comparison with recycling and a transition to a circular economy. Accounting for water in the pricing of metals by source as well as mechanisms by which water can be conserved in the production process will also be analyzed. The presentation will finally lay out key environmental governance mechanisms which are being considered to improve the ways in which the mining and metal production sectors can improve water conservation as well as mitigating pollution to waterways. ABSTRACT SPEAKER Transitioning towards a carbon managed energy infrastructure is essential to mitigate climate change. Negative emission technologies, such as direct air CO2 capture (DACC), together with renewable energies will likely to be necessary components in the effort to slow, stop, reverse the flow of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere. We present an approach that combines DACC, long-term CO2 storage, and geothermal energy production: a climate-benign direct air capture, carbon utilization, and storage (DACCUS). ABSTRACT Land use and climatic factors may convert a land surface into a source or sink of atmospheric CO2. This presentation will provide several examples of using large number of field observations, environmental variables, and a variety of models to predict the fate of land surface under changing land use and climate. Our high-resolution predictions of soil organic carbon sequestration rates, bioenergy crop productivity, and loss of soil carbon from surface soils under future emission scenarios, is critical for policy implications. ABSTRACT President Biden has laid out a bold and ambitious goal of achieving net-zero carbon emissions in the U.S. by 2050. The pathway to that target includes cutting total greenhouse gas emissions in half by 2030 and eliminating them entirely from the Nation’s electricity sector by 2035. Investment in technology research, design, development, and deployment (RDD&D) will be required to achieve the president’s objectives, including investments in both carbon capture at point sources in addition to carbon dioxide removal approaches that target the accumulated pool of carbon in the atmosphere. Both will be required to achieve net-zero carbon emissions in time and they will require increased deployment in order to move down the cost curve. These efforts combined with effective policy will make these approaches economically viable.

Xiangdong Sun, Mingzhu Jia, Zhao Xu et al.

With the rapid economic growth in most Emerging Market Countries, the energy intensity showed a striking decline. To explore this energy puzzle, we evaluated energy intensity reduction in 30 Emerging Market Countries, which were referred to as E30 in this paper. A combined conceptual analysis framework was proposed and two main procedures were involved: 1) the aggregate energy intensity of E30 was decomposed into activity mix and national intensity, applying the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) approach; 2) regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between energy price and national intensity following Cobb–Douglas cost function, where the energy price of each country was measured using energy depletion and Brent oil price (as a robust check). The results indicated that national intensity was the main factor of aggregate energy intensity reduction with a contribution share of more than 100%, whether in 27 countries from 1971 to 2016 or 30 countries from 1990 to 2016. With respect to the impact of energy price on national intensity, we concluded that the relative energy price increased by more than 170% between 1971 and 2016. But the corresponding average decrease in national intensity was limited because the absolute value of negative elasticity between energy price and national intensity was less than 0.07. So, some energy-saving policies can also be used to achieve energy efficiency goals.

Katja Kuparinen, Satu Lipiäinen, E. Vakkilainen

Transition towards carbon neutrality will require application of negative carbon emission technologies (NETs). This creates a new opportunity for the industry in the near future. The pulp and paper industry already utilizes vast amounts of biomass and produces large amounts of biogenic carbon dioxide. The industry is well poised for the use of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), which is considered as one of the key NETs. If the captured carbon dioxide can be used to manufacture green fuels to replace fossil ones, then this will generate a huge additional market where pulp and paper mills are on the front line. The objective of this study is to evaluate future trends and policies affecting the pulp and paper industry and to describe how a carbon neutral or carbon negative pulp and paper production process can be viable. Such policies include, as examples, price of carbon dioxide allowances or support for green fuel production and BECCS implementation. It is known that profitability differs depending on mill type, performance, energy efficiency, or carbon dioxide intensity. The results give fresh understanding on the potential for investing in negative emission technologies. Carbon capture or green fuel production can be economical with an emission trade system, depending on electricity price, green fuel price, negative emission credit, and a mill’s emission profile. However, feasibility does not seem to evidently correlate with the performance, technical age, or the measured efficiency of the mill.

mojtaba rostami, Alireza Najjarpour

The price of crude oil is one of the most important indicators of the global economy, which is monitored by policymakers, producers, consumers, and participants in financial markets. Oil prices are changing course depending on economic conditions, which is why it is so volatile. The knowledge of researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders about the impact of crises on the oil market provides better control over its negative consequences. Studies show that as a result of various crises, the Volatility Persistence of the oil market is very high. Therefore, it makes sense to consider the hypothesis of a unit root in the Volatility shocks of this market. In the present study, the long-term Volatility Persistence shocks due to the Covid-19 epidemic crisis in the Brent and WTI oil markets, which are the two criteria for determining global oil prices, are investigated using a test proposed by Lee and Yu (2010). The results of this study indicate the existence of a unit root in oil market turbulence. Therefore, the oil market and the economic climate are long-term affected by the effects of this crisis. This can have a significant impact on the revenues of exporting countries and investors in the crude oil sector. Thus, market players and governments need to assess the consequences of this crisis more carefully

Yanming Zhu, Xiaoyuan Xu, Zheng Yan

Abstract Phasor measurement units (PMUs) have been widely deployed in power grids, while the bad PMU data problem threatens power system monitoring and control. This paper first gives the objective of the bad PMU data detection and gives an illustrative bad data instance. Then, the time‐series PMU data of neighbouring buses are cast as a two‐dimensional diagram, of which the spatio‐temporal correlation analysis is performed to design the normal and outlier data detection problem. Three clustering methods, including linear regression, density‐based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN), and Gaussian mixture models (GMM) are ensembled for bad PMU data detection. Moreover, the statistical analysis and bound modification of data clustering are developed to further improve the detection accuracy. Finally, the procedure of the two‐stage bad PMU data detection is given, which consists of ensemble learning and modification. The proposed hybrid clustering‐based bad data detection is unsupervised and is applied to online bad PMU data detection with a short computation time. Visible and numerical case study results validate the outperformance of the proposed method.

Madhu Khanna, Luoye Chen, Bruno Basso et al.

Abstract Marginal land has received wide attention for its potential to produce bioenergy feedstocks while minimizing diversion of productive agricultural land from food crop production. However, there has been no consensus in the literature on how to define or identify land that is marginal for food crops and beneficial for bioenergy crops. Studies have used different definitions to quantify the amount of such land available; these have largely been based on assumed biophysical thresholds for soil quality and productivity that are unchanging over space and time. We discuss the limitations of these definitions and the rationale for considering economic returns and environmental outcomes in classifying land as marginal. We then propose the concept of “socially” marginal which is defined as land that is earning close to zero returns after accounting for the monetized costs of environmental externalities generated. We discuss a broad set of criteria for classifying land as socially marginal for food crops and suitable for bioenergy crops; with these criteria, this classification depends on spatially varying and time‐varying factors, such as climate and market conditions and policy incentives. While there are challenges related to identifying this marginal land, satellite and other large‐scale datasets increasingly enable such analysis at a fine spatial resolution. We also discuss reasons why landowners might choose not to convert bioenergy‐suitable land to bioenergy crops, and thus the need for policy incentives to support conversion of land that is socially beneficial for bioenergy crop production.

Daniel De La Torre Ugarte, Mauricio Collado, Fernando Requejo et al.

Peru holds an important portion of the South American rainforest. An average deforestation rate of 145,000 ha a year makes it the largest source of GHG emissions. Based on the drivers of deforestation, this paper proposes a deep decarbonization pathway (DDP) through the year 2050 with the purpose of taking the country closer to achieving the net-zero emissions goal. The impacts of the pathway are estimated using POLYSYS-Peru, an equilibrium displacement model for the integrated analysis of land-use changes and agriculture. The results indicate that the proposed DDP pathway, by preventing the deforestation of 4 million hectares of primary forests, would reduce GHG emissions by an accumulated 1778 Mt CO2 eq. compared to the business as usual scenario, and 497 Mt CO2 eq. more than the Nationally Determined Contributions.

Rabee Jibrin, Stuart Hillmansen, Clive Roberts et al.

We look into minimizing the hydrogen fuel consumption of hydrogen hybrid trains by optimizing their operation. The powertrain considered is a fuel cell charge-sustaining hybrid. Convex optimization is utilized to compute optimal speed and energy management trajectories. The barrier method is used to solve the optimization problems quickly on the order of tens of seconds for the entire journey. Simulations show a considerable reduction in fuel consumption when both trajectories -- speed and energy management -- are optimized concurrently within a single optimization problem in comparison to being optimized separately in a sequential manner -- optimizing energy management after optimizing speed. It is concluded that the concurrent method greatly benefits from its holistic powertrain knowledge while optimizing all trajectories together within a single optimization problem.

André Harewood, Franziska Dettner, Simon Hilpert

The high dependence on imported fuels and the potential for both climate change mitigation and economic diversification make Barbados' energy system particularly interesting for detailed transformation analysis. An open source energy system model is presented here for the analysis of a future Barbadian energy system. The model was applied in a scenario analysis, using a greenfield approach, to investigate cost-optimal and 100% renewable energy system configurations. Within the scenarios, the electrification of private passenger vehicles and cruise ships through shore-to-ship power supply was modelled to assess its impact on the energy system and the necessary investment in storage. Results show that for most scenarios of a system in 2030, a renewable energy share of over 80% is achieved in cost-optimal cases, even with a growing demand. The system's levelised costs of electricity range from 0.17 to 0.36 BBD/kWh in the cost-optimal scenarios and increase only moderately for 100% renewable systems. Under the reasonable assumption of decreasing photovoltaic investment costs, system costs of a 100% system may be lower than the current costs. The results show that pumped hydro-storage is a no-regret option for the Barbadian power system design. Overall, the results highlight the great potential of renewable energy as well as the technical and economic feasibility of a 100% renewable energy system for Barbados.