Hasil untuk "Economic theory. Demography"

Nilam Sari, Azimah Dianah, Hafidhah et al.

Introduction: Business actor satisfaction is a feeling based on expectations regarding a product or service. Serve, and the level of satisfaction felt will vary according to the conformity with which service exists. If that reality exceeds hope, then the service can be said to be of good quality. If it is below expectations, the service can be bad; if it is above expectations, it can be said to be good. That service is satisfying. Objective: This study aims to research halal certification services to satisfy business actors in Banda Aceh City. Are these certification services quality indicators influencing the satisfaction of business actors as customers? Method: This study uses a quantitative approach with the Structural Equation Model - Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) method. The test was conducted using the Smart PLS 3.0 application, with the respondent category being business actors. One hundred business actors in Banda Aceh City have issued halal certification for their products, and there are 100 people. Results: The research country found that all variables, namely reliability, responsiveness, certainty, empathy, tangible evidence, and price, significantly influence business actors’ satisfaction. Implications: This shows that improving the quality of halal certification services in Banda Aceh City can also increase business actors' satisfaction

Roberta Arbolino, Raffaele Boffardi, Konstantinos Kounetas et al.

This paper investigates the impact in the short/medium term of M&As made by 14 Italian banks quoted on the stock exchange for the period 1999–2016. After dividing the banks into two groups by size and degree of internationalisation, we sought to ascertain whether different initial conditions produce different final effects. Based on three assumptions, supported by three separate econometric approaches, our empirical analysis shows that the stronger banks increased their competitiveness while the weaker banks did not achieve the same results since they were motivated to grow “by desperation”.

Elizabeth Nelson

Over the last decade there has been an increasing focus on utilising government-held data for large-scale data linkage research projects, with an emphasis on public benefit. Most, if not all, administrative data research initiatives will recognise public involvement and engagement (PI&E) as a cornerstone of research and emphasise that administrative data is essentially public data, and, therefore, that publics must have a say in how it is used. Much of this focuses on engaging with communities and their representative organisations. What is less explicitly discussed is the role that data-driven research plays within a broader public realm that is increasingly driven by data, or datafied. This paper will examine the ways in which PI&E both challenges and contributes to the datafication of society, through the work of the Administrative Data Research Centre Northern Ireland (ADRC NI), part of ADR UK. It will explore if – and how  – PI&E in administrative data research can play a role in democratising this datafied society. The paper will use the Northern Ireland Public Data Panel (NIPDP) and the Voices of Young People in Care (VOYPIC) initiative as case studies to explore the ways in which ADRC NI successfully or unsuccessfully create sites of democratisation within the data ecosystem. Finally, the paper will consider how to amplify the democratic benefits of PI&E in data-driven research while minimising any potential harms, in the form of a potential framework for data justice within PI&E in data-driven research.

Zaborskyi Leonid O., Shaposhnikov Dmytro S.

The aim of this article is to study the dynamics of development of both the global and national market of container transportation. One of the ways to increase the efficiency of transportation is the rational organization of the work of ships, taking into account the needs and requirements of the market, both of service consumers and of the carriers themselves. The increase in demand for container transportation of goods and the rapid growth of the container capacity of container ships led to a change in approaches to the organization of their work. Thus, the number of ports of call on main lines has begun to decrease. In addition, the movement patterns on them have become almost asymmetrical. Individual lines began to serve at their own container terminals in ports of call, or at terminals that have an agreement to serve only their vessels. Vessels with smaller container capacities were pushed onto feeder lines calling at hub ports located at the intersection of main services and regional ports. In addition, there are changes in the structure of cargo flows, the organization of lines, ports of call and cooperation between transportation participants, the division of the global transportation market into segments served by certain operators, changes in the role of hub ports in delivery schemes depending on the corresponding ports of call on the lines and container capacity vessels serving them. These changes occur under the influence of not only the construction of mega-sized ships, pandemics, piracy, military operations and affect not only the economy of a certain country, but also the global economy as a whole, political, social, geographical and transport, ecological and other spheres of human activity. Research of various factors on the changes taking place in the container transportation market will allow predicting and, possibly, leveling the consequences of their influence in the future. Prospects for further research in this direction are the identification of the main reference points at which significant changes in container transportation took place, the identification of factors that had an impact and the modeling of both individual situations and their interaction as a whole.

Геннадій Осокін

В статті досліджується, як цифровізація впливає на структуру та функціонування ланцюгів постачання, а також на трансформацію традиційних бізнес-моделей. Розглянуто вплив цифрових технологій на сучасні бізнес-процеси в системі управління ланцюгами постачання. Досліджено, як цифровізація, зокрема впровадження інтернету речей (IoT), великих даних та штучного інтелекту, кардинально змінює спосіб взаємодії компаній зі своїми постачальниками та клієнтами. Доведено, що цифрові інструменти забезпечують підвищення ефективності, прозорості та гнучкості ланцюгів постачання, сприяючи адаптації бізнес-моделей до швидко змінюваних ринкових умов; проаналізовано, які саме зміни торкаються елементів діючих бізнес-моделей. Окрему увагу приділено викликам та ризикам, пов'язаним з інтеграцією цифрових технологій в ланцюги постачання та запропоновано рекомендації для подолання цих перешкод.

Valérie Patreau, Sophie Bernard, Sophie Bernard et al.

Consumers are looking for solutions to reduce waste at source, especially plastic waste from single-use packaging. Simply recycling packaging will not be enough and reduction at the source must be emphasized as part of a sustainable circular economy. Selling products in bulk using reusable containers is one of the emerging paths of the zero waste movement. To achieve this, it is necessary to change consumption patterns and behaviors. Our goal is to better understand how source reduction of plastic packaging can be an asset in a zero waste objective. Using a contingent valuation method, we conducted a large pan-Canadian survey on the purchasing preferences of 2002 Canadian households to analyze the willingness to pay (WTP) for different food and household products. Results indicate that most consumers do not appear to be willing to pay more for bulk products with reusable packaging even if they are interested in buying more bulk products. Different socio-demographic and attitudinal parameters, such as age, gender, sense of convenience, and pro-environmental behaviors, influence willingness to buy and pay. The originality of this work is to provide an economic perspective on the reduction of single-use containers and changes in consumption practices in the context of the zero waste movement and the circular economy.

M. S. Novikov

Maintaining political stability and unity of the territory of the state is an important task for any government. It becomes especially relevant in cases where different territories of the state have ethnically different populations. Areas with mixed populations, especially those driven by migration, are potential areas of stress. Reasonable implementation of the rights and freedoms of citizens in economic and cultural terms, freedom of movement, is a guarantee of stable development or at least peaceful migration. An analysis of the history of the creation of German national regions in the USSR shows a picture of the gradual assimilation of the German population or its migration outside the country. The article discusses the creation of a Azovsky Nemetsky (German) National District to ensure economic and cultural rights. The work is carried out on the basis of multifaceted sources. As a result of the fulfillment of the goal of the study — the reconstruction of the history of the region’s reconstruction against the background of the development of the German national movement and the influence of its international obligations on the country’s leadership, the following conclusions can be drawn. The creation of the Azovsky Nemetsky (German) National District is culturally, economically and politically expedient. Of interest there are also the conclusions about the possibilities within the framework of the Azovsky Nemetsky (German) National District to resolve the problems of emigration and migration, as well as the issues of raising the standard of living of the population.

Yu. Yu. Petukhova, E. V. Eliseeva, M. V. Volkov et al.

Objective: to perform a pharmacoeconomic evaluation of the effectiveness of therapies for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) based on real practical data on medical help for patients with this disease.Material and methods. The authors performed a comparative cost-effectiveness analysis and the calculation of resource consumption in the application of several options of chemotherapy for mCRC: FOLFOX, FOLFIRI, and FOLFOXIRI; targeted therapy: FOLFOX + bevacizumab, FOLFOX + panitumumab, FOLFIRI + cetuximab, FOLFIRI + aflibercept, regorafenib monotherapy.Results. The cost-effectiveness parameter, calculated as a ratio of the cost of therapy to the median survival without progression, for chemotherapeutic schemes varied from 108 to 167 thousand rubles and for the targeted therapy schemes – from 223 to 930 thousand rubles. The calculation of resource consumption showed that in the case of a limited budget, 100% of patients can be treated by FOLFOX scheme, or 26% of patients by FOLFOX + panitumumab, or 47% of patients by FOLFOX + bevacizumab; and 100% of patients by FOLFIRI scheme or 11.5% of patients by FOLFIRI + cetuximab (aflibercept). Besides, it was established that in the case of a similar budget, 100% of patients with mCRC can be treated by chemotherapy schemes or a limited number of patients with regorafenib.Conclusion. The cost of targeted therapy significantly exceeds the cost of chemotherapeutic schemes. Still, considering the gross domestic product per capita in the Russian Federation, they can be an economically feasible investment and the optimum option of therapy

The Impact of Health Conditionalities in Conditional Cash Transfer Programmes: the case of the AUH in Argentina, Santiago Poy, Ianina Tuñón

The Universal Child Allowance (AUH) is an Argentine cash transfer programme that conditions payment to parents on the fulfilment of health and education conditions for their children. While the impact of the AUH on education is well known, its effects on health have been less explored. This paper assesses the direct effect of the programme on children attending routine medical exams and receiving scheduled vaccinations, the health conditions of the programme, along with indirect health-related outcomes to explore the wider potential effects on child health. Using microdata from the Argentine Social Debt Survey (EDSA), a quasi-experimental design is implemented to determine the average treatment effect on AUH recipients. The AUH is found to have no effect on the behaviours on which it is conditioned or on dental visits, but it does increase food security. The paper discusses the implications of these findings for the design and implementation of programme conditionalities.

Clive E. Coetzee, Ewert P.J. Kleynhans

This article investigates the industrial success of various cities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It assesses the hypothesis that knowledge spillovers are supportive of industrial growth at the city level. Theories of economic city growth suggest that cities are engines of knowledge spillovers, which are essential to generate growth. This study utilised data on the growth of industries in cities in KwaZulu-Natal between 1996 and 2015. The study initially found that industries develop better in environments characterised by less concentration and more city diversity, which gave evidence of Jacobs’ externalities. However, after controlling for industry-specific and city-specific characteristics, the results changed significantly. No evidence was found for concentration effects (Marshall/Arrow/Romer-externalities) and less diversity supports city-industry growth (evidence against Jacobs’ externalities).

Trianggono Budi Hartanto, Siti Umajah Masjkuri

This research aims to analyze the impact of variable population, education (Average Years of School), minimum wage and gross domestic regional product on unemployment in district and cities East Java from 2010 to 2014. The analytical method used panel data regression (pooled data) with the Random Effect Model approach. Results of panel data regression analysis in this research showed population, education (means years school), minimum wage and regional gross domestic product is simultaneously significant positive effect on unemployment in district and cities East Java. Partially, population, education (average year of school) and regional gross domestic product is significant and positive impact on unemployment, while minimum wage has no significant impact on unemployment in district and cities East Java.

A. Abuosi, P. Abor

A. Sweetman, J. V. Ours, J. V. Ours

Intergenerational immigrant integration is central to the economic growth and social development of many countries whose populations comprise a substantial share of the children and grandchildren of immigrants. In addition to basic demographics, relevant economic theories and institutional features are surveyed to assist in understanding these phenomena. Building on this foundation, educational and labor market success across the immigrant generations are reviewed, and then studies on the evolution of social outcomes across those same generations are discussed. Overall, substantial cross-national heterogeneity in outcomes is observed as various sources of immigration interact with distinct national labor markets and educational/social contexts that have diverse approaches to integrating immigrants.

Jan Acedański

The paper introduces the methodology of the overlapping generations models with heterogeneous agents and aggregate uncertainty - macroeconomic, stochastic general equilibrium models that account for consumer heterogeneity mainly with respect to age and wealth. Taking as an example my own model, which additionally allows for labour market status and skill heterogeneity, I show how consumer consumption and investment decision rules are derived. I also provide a detailed discussion of the most popular computational algorithms used to deal with those models. The model is then used to examine welfare gains from eliminating business cycle fluctuations on the labour market in Poland for different groups of consumers.

Micić Radmila

Business globalization, rapid technological changes, economic crisis, have initiated the necessity of forming a new form of business association-cluster organizations. These are organizations which contribute to regional development through greater productivity, innovation, competitiveness end export. The focus of cluster organizational form is exchange of information, knowledge, development of innovation and entrepreneurship. In the form clusters, organizations have the ability to provide the higher value, achieve better business results and become more competitive. Although they are recognized as a powerful framework of overall economic development, the clusters in Serbia are still not sufficiently promoted and developed. The starting position of this work is the need to cluster management. The aim of this paper is to show the importance of cluster managers, as well as to highlight the importance of developing clusters with us. For this purpose we will explain the basic characteristics of the clusters, shows the status of the clusters in Serbia and analyze the role of cluster managers at various stages of the life cycle of clusters. The work is theoretical character and will be used method of analysis.

T. GYOHTEN

S. Iyer

Francisco Paulo Cipolla

Este artigo apresenta criticamente diferentes interpretações da crise atual. Orientaram a seleção das várias contribuições a representatividade das teorias marxistas clássicas de crise e a importância das novas abordagens correspondentes aos novos fenômenos em desenvolvimento no capitalismo atual. O exame crítico dessas contribuições revela uma linha divisória entre aqueles que concebem a crise como tendo sido causada pelo afluxo dos lucros da produção para as finanças (Husson e Foster /Magdoff) e aqueles para os quais o aumento do crédito de consumo foi resultado de uma reestruturação dos fluxos de crédito das empresas, cada vez mais autônomas no mercado de dinheiro, às famílias assalariadas, cada vez mais dependentes do financiamento bancário. Essa linha divisória reflete a importância que o primeiro grupo adjudica à diminuição do ritmo de crescimento vis-à-vis os teóricos da School of Oriental and African Studies. A análise revela também que a atrofia da economia política leva a um abandono precoce da teoria bancária e financeira de Marx em favor dos instrumentos teóricos pós-keynesianos imediatamente disponíveis para o uso.<br>This article is a critical survey of different interpretations of the 2007-2008 financial crises. They were chosen either because they represented classical Marxian views on crisis, such as the underconsumption or over-accumulation theories, or else because they were newly developed interpretations based on recent newly economic developments, as it is the case of the financial expropriation theory. The analysis reveals three main points of view. The first is that the cause of crisis is the stagnation of the economy and the ensuing transfer of profits from production to finance, process that caused the housing-financial bubble (Husson and Foster/Magdoff). The second view argues that it was the structural change in financial markets which led banks to increasingly rely on consumer credit as a profitable alternative to corporate financing which has become increasingly independent from bank sources (Lapavitsas and dos Santos). The third view argues that low rates of profit caused sluggish growth rates while governments tried to compensate for by promoting demand through cheap credit (Kliman). Finally, it is worth noticing that the incipient use of Marxian categories to the analysis of banking and finance leads systematically to the use of the post-Keynesian theories immediately available thus reproducing its condition of underdevelopment.

E. Sakellariou

I. Peng, Joseph Wong