Hasil untuk "Economic geography of the oceans (General)"

Luqman Al-Hakim Shamsudin, Ang Kean Hua

This study investigates the spatio-temporal changes in land use and land cover (LULC) in Selangor, Malaysia, from 2005 to 2020 using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data processed via the Google Earth Engine (GEE). As the most urbanised state in Malaysia, Selangor has undergone rapid transformation, with significant shifts from vegetation and agricultural land to built-up areas due to urbanisation, industrial growth, and infrastructure development. Employing MODIS land cover datasets for four reference years (2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020) and validated classification techniques, five primary land cover classes, built-up areas, vegetation, agricultural land, open spaces, and water bodies, were analysed. Results show that built-up areas increased consistently, rising from 18.9% in 2005 to 20.67% in 2020, while vegetative cover declined from 68.91% to 65.06% over the same period. Agricultural areas exhibited fluctuating trends, reflecting shifts in land-use policy and food production strategies. Open areas, defined as non-urban and non-agricultural cleared or vacant land (including construction sites, parks, and recreation grounds), expanded until 2015 but contracted by 2020, reflecting their transitional nature as lands earmarked for future development. Water bodies remained relatively unchanged. Accuracy assessments yielded over 80% overall classification accuracy, confirming the reliability of the analysis. This study highlights the effectiveness of cloud-based remote sensing for monitoring urban expansion and environmental change. The findings serve as vital geospatial evidence for policymakers and urban planners to devise data-driven, sustainable land management strategies. By integrating spatial analysis with high-resolution temporal monitoring, this research contributes to informed decision-making aligned with environmental preservation and urban resilience goals.

Aleksandra Zygmunt, Justyna Zygmunt

The aim of this paper is to examine whether and how peripheral countries differ in terms of knowledge transfer as a feature of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) resilience to challenging economic conditions (economic shocks). The study focuses on the Visegrad Group countries, which are peripheral within the European Union, offering a unique research context due to their similar cultural backgrounds and transition from centrally planned to market economies. The research covers the period 2016−2023, a period characterised by inflationary pressures and the COVID-19 pandemic. The study uses a comparative analysis and zero unitarization method to test the hypothesis. The results demonstrate that while there were significant differences in the level of knowledge transfer in the peripheral countries studied, all Visegrad Group countries showed a consistent upward tendency in knowledge transfer over the analysis period. The study contributes to the growing body of research on firms’ resilience by suggesting that knowledge transfer in the periphery serves as a mechanism to increase SMEs’ resilience to market or environmental disturbances and, more broadly, to the sustainable development of countries.

Inma González Sánchez

La història marítima es plena d’adversitats, son molts els vaixells i les persones que han estat víctimes de situacions tràgiques al mar. La humanitat ha intentat dominar el mar, però aquest no sempre s’ha deixat i en incomptables ocasions s’ha cobrat un preu en vaixells i vides, i en altres ocasions el desencert humà també han portat al desastre a més d’un desafortunat. Els temporals, els accidents diversos com els embarrancaments o els incendis, els efectes de les guerres, han portat al naufragi o ha situacions d’altíssim perill per la supervivència. S’han implementat cada vegada més mesures per guanyar en seguretat i per pal·liar els efectes devastadors d’aquestes catàstrofes en vides i diners. Aplicant mètodes de construcció que facin més segurs els vaixells, sistemes d’extinció més efectius, els bots salvavides ... però el degoteig de sinistres no ha cessat. Pel que tampoc els intents de salvar el que es pugui, supervivents, cadàvers, objectes de valor, o fins i tot intentar reflotar el vaixell per recuperar-lo o reaprofitar el que es pugui d’ell. Bona mostra d’aquestes tragèdies són els nombrosos derelictes que es troben a les profunditats dels mars, cada un d’ells te una història que explicar.

Justyna Godawska

The purpose of the article is to examine whether environmental taxes affect the level of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOX) emissions based on the data for 33 countries in the years 1996-2021. The research method used is the analysis of panel regression with fixed effects. For both pollutants, a model without lags and models with one-year and two-year lags were estimated. The results show that environmental tax revenues have a negative and statistically significant but rather symbolic impact on SOx emissions, while these revenues do not affect NOx emissions. In addition, the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and the share of the urban population in the total population are found to be significant determinants of NOx emissions. The higher the GDP per capita and the share of the urban population, the lower the NOx emissions per capita. The results can be useful for policymakers in assessing the effectiveness of environmental taxes. 

Rafal B. Reichert

En el artículo se presenta una aproximación al estudio de proyectos de exploración de los bosques y los ríos, que se extendían entre las provincias de Veracruz, Tabasco y Campeche, es decir a lo largo de Sotavento del Golfo de México, con un enfoque especial en la Laguna de Términos y su villa principal en el Carmen. Con base en estos reconocimientos de montes los dirigentes de la Marina y las autoridades virreinales novohispanas entre los años 1770 y 1790 emprendieron los trabajos de extracción de maderas de cedro y caoba, en este caso de los ranchos ubicados en diferentes orillas de la Laguna. El objetivo de este artículo es la demonstración de los esfuerzos de la Corona española para habilitar posibilidades de obtener materias primas forestales de distintas áreas boscosas fuera de los centros tradicionales de las Indias, como lo fueron los montes de Cuba o Coatzacoalcos.

Ewa Jastrzębska

The article measures the scope of reporting climate-related information by companies considered CSR leaders in Poland. An original tool is employed for that purpose: a climate-related disclosures index. First, a critical comparative analysis was performed of climate-related disclosure initiatives (regulations, guidelines, standards) to pinpoint the key and commonly required disclosures. Next, an original index of climate-related disclosures was designed. It helped compute index values for 20 companies perceived as Poland’s CSR leaders. Non-financial reports available in the public domain were analysed for that purpose. The study showed that virtually all climate-related disclosure initiatives implement, to a greater or lesser extent, the TCFD recommendations, which were also embedded in the developed index covering 18 indicators. The total index value (ranging from 0 to 1) for the analysed companies was 0.51 with the median of 0.42. The index demonstrates that companies named CSR leaders in Poland do not display high awareness of climate change.

Economics and Environment

Summaries in Polish

Bambang Sulistyo

This article aims to trace the role of the book Amanna Gappa, also known as Ade Alopping-loping Bicarana Pabalue, as a set of business ethics practiced by the Wajo ethnic group in the city of Makassar in the 18th century. The Wajo people of Makassar at that time were one of the tribes that lost the war between the Goa-Tallo Sultanate and the alliance of the Sultanate of Bone and the Dutch trading company VOC (Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie) in the 1660s. The Wajo people were famous as great traders in Southeast Asia and their communities are scattered across the Indonesian archipelago. This article argues that one of the factors for their success in maritime trade is their ability to create business rules and ethics in maritime navigation and trade. Some scholars refer to this set of rules as the law of navigation or the law of commerce. However, this research seeks to explain that this set of rules was a set of maritime business ethics practiced by the Wajorese as traders and sailors. The Wajo people were not rulers of a sovereign state and were unlikely to have been able to enforce their business ethics as a law.

Ekin Mahmuzlu

This paper presents major hull and rig types among Ottoman-flagged merchant ships from the 1830s to the 1860s and discusses the effects of nautical and climatic conditions on the physical features of merchant ships. The statistics demonstrate that brigs, especially frigate-built brigs, were the most common merchant ships. The article argues that despite the prevalence of Atlantic-origin ships in Ottoman waters, local geographical factors were the primary cause in determining the physical properties of Ottoman-built merchant ships, especially in the Marmara and Black Seas. Due to these nautical and climatic conditions, trehantiri was still the most common traditional ship in the Aegean Sea, and the production of perama was concentrated around Istanbul. However, these ships were mixed with martigo that sailed offshore the Black Sea. Dhow-like ships, which could sail both offshore and in the narrow waterways common in the Straits and Danube River, were also common.

Małgorzata Burchard-Dziubińska

The aim of this paper is assessing measures undertaken in Poland by local authorities and government to solve the problem of the poor quality of air in many regions. The low-altitude emissions (LAEs) of air pollutants (up to 40m altitude) are commonly caused by combustion of coal in household furnaces in an inefficient way. The problem is enhanced by combusting garbage and emissions from road transport. The consequences of those emissions are health problems (diseases of respiratory and circulatory systems), as well as degradation of natural environment. The paper presents the results of research carried out in selected Polish cities from the list of 50 most polluted cities in the European Union (2018), where the problem of air pollution is particularly severe. Data published in Public Information Bulletin and on official websites of cities were analyzed to answer the question about the role of socio-political factors in the fight for clean air in Poland. The main finding is that the increase in ecological awareness of residents and access to EU financial funds give local societies an opportunity to develop investment plans, whose implementation should improve the air quality. This, however, will be a long-drawn-out process, because of the scale of long-term negligence in this field and inconsistent government activities.

Elżbieta Wołejko, Urszula Wydro, Agata Jabłońska-Trypuć et al.

The aim of the study was to analyze the occurrence of Pseudomonas fluorescens in urban soil in the second year after fertilization with unprocessed sewage sludge from the wastewater treatment plant in Sokółka and processed sludge from wastewater treatment plant in Bialystok. The study was conducted on experimental plots located in the green belts along the main roads in Bialystok (Piastowska and Hetmańska streets). For the studied soil, two different types of sewage sludge were used: after-press dewatered sludge from the treatment plant in Sokółka and dry sludge in the form of pellets from the treatment plant in Bialystok. The experiment plots were fertilized with three doses of sewage sludge: 0-control, 14.5 and 29 Mg D.M./ha. In the second year after application of sewage sludge, microbiological tests of the rhizosphere area showed seasonal fluctuations in the number of Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria. The highest number of Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria was observed in April and in October, while the lowest number of bacteria occurred in July, which could have been conditioned by atmospheric factors. The analysis of the correlation indicates that in the urban soil mixed with sewage sludge the number of Pseudomonas fluorescens was significantly positively correlated with C:N ratio, organic carbonand content of phosphorus. 

Brendan Von Briesen

The objective of this investigation is to relate the modes of contracting, work, and remuneration in the tertiary sub-sector of maritime cargo-handling in the port of Barcelona during the process of the liberalization of the trades (c.1760-1840). the guilds studied were charged with all of the activities of the processes of loading and unloading of goods from merchant ships to and from the beach; the transportation of these goods to and within the Customs House (and supervising their temporary storage here); and the subsequent delivery of goods to the owners, either directly or by transportation to storage facilities, stores, or other locations. These responsibilities were codified in guild ordinances that established monopolistic privileges (and prohibitions against non-guild members). The relationship between the mode of work and the organizational model of the respective guilds is noteworthy: these practices and models were based on customs and traditions, reflected group values, and were given official status in guild charters and the privileges contained therein. These officially recognized practices were challenged by merchants and local authorities and were eventually delegitimized during the process of liberalizing the trades.

Agnieszka Petryk

STRESZCZENIE: Celem artykułu było określenie zawartości metali ciężkich w glebach na terenie silnie zdegradowanym przez przemysł wydobywczy i przetwórczy. Badania przeprowadzono w zachodniej części województwa małopolskiego w mieście Trzebinia. Stwierdzono, że średnia zawartość miedzi w glebie miasta nie przekroczyła wartości dopuszczalnych stężeń tego pierwiastka według regulacji krajowych dla użytków rolnych. Uzyskane wyniki średnich stężeń kadmu, ołowiu i cynku w glebie dla miasta Trzebinia przekroczyły normę krajową wartości dopuszczalnych stężeń tych pierwiastków. Przeprowadzona kalkulacja kosztorysowa wykazała, że koszt zrekultywowania metodą szczegółową (biologiczną) 100 m2 terenów zdegradowanych zanieczyszczonych metalami ciężkimi w mieście Trzebinia wyniesie 168,69 zł.

José Manuel (CEHI-UB) Rúa Fernández

Isabel Graupera Gargallo, Lluís , 1975- Burillo

Damià Martínez Latorre

Alejandro Anca Alamillo

Aquest article no està disponible a text complet a petició expressa de l'autor

Elvira Mata Enrich