Hasil untuk "Dentistry"

Hamed Kalhor, Mamak Adel, Maryam Tofangchiha et al.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effect of a metal artifact removal (MAR) algorithm on the visibility of the second mesiobuccal canal (MB2) of maxillary molars on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 41 CBCT scans of patients retrieved from the radiology clinic’s archives. The CBCT scans were saved with and without the MAR algorithm applied. The images were coded and evaluated by two endodontists to assess MB2 detection in maxillary molars and its visibility level using a 5-point Likert scale. Of the 164 samples, 32 were excluded from the study, and 132 teeth were examined. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare images with and without MAR with respect to MB2 visibility (alpha=0.05). Results: No significant difference existed between images with and without MAR regarding the visibility of MB2 of maxillary first and second molars in apical (OR= 0.96, 95% CI; 0.58–1.59), middle (OR= 1.01, 95% CI; 0.65 – 1.59) and coronal (OR= 1.02, 95% CI; 0.63–1.64) thirds of the root by adjusting the effect of other variables. Conclusion: According to the present results, the application of the MAR algorithm did not significantly change the visibility of MB2 in the maxillary first and second molars on CBCT scans.

Hao Dai, Ali Han, Xijun Wang et al.

Abstract Noninvasive phototherapy with functional preservation is considered to be a promising cancer therapeutic method. However, the clinical application of tumor phototherapy is severely restrained by the lack of appropriate multimodal phototherapy agents exhibiting an ideal tissue penetration depth to maximize the antitumor efficiency as well as to maintain important tissue functions. Herein, an innovative near-infrared ray (NIR)-triggered photodynamic-photocatalytic-photothermal therapy (PDT-PCT-PTT) agent based on an atomically dispersed cobalt single-atom enzyme (Co-SAE) anchored on hollow N-doped carbon sphere (HNCS) has been strategically developed. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly activated and amplified through both the photogenerated electrons and the photothermal conversion induced by NIR irradiation, as systematically demonstrated by the experimental and density functional theory (DFT) calculation results. Mild hyperthermia is eventually achieved through apoptosis and ferroptosis caused by ROS, significantly boosting the interaction of ROS dynamic effects and thermodynamic effects in the tumor microenvironment (TME). More importantly, Co-SAEs/HNCS not only causes multimodal damage through limited TME products but also preserves important organ functions by the induction of mild local hyperthermia. This work expands the biomedical application field of SAEs and presents an innovative all-in-one, multimodal concept for the noninvasive treatment of head and neck cancer.

Sitong Liu, Longrui Dang, Xiaolan Guo et al.

Aim: To investigate the role of macrophage-mediated efferocytosis in resolution of inflammation during irreversible pulpitis, with a focus on the functional relevance of macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1). Methods: Whole-transcriptome sequencing was performed on pulp tissue from 3 healthy individuals and 3 with pulpitis, integrated with Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE77459, GSE92681; total n = 30). After batch correction, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified (|Fold Change|>1.5, P < .05) and analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) / Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment, CIBERSORT immune cell deconvolution, and machine learning. Efferocytosis activity was validated by immunofluorescence, Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and Western blot (WB). MSR1 was selected for in vivo validation via small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown in a rat pulpitis model. Results: A total of 467 differentially expressed genes were identified, which were enriched in immune response and phagosome-related pathways. Macrophage infiltration was significantly increased in pulpitis tissues, accompanied by upregulation of efferocytosis markers. Immunofluorescence showed that MER proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase (MERTK)-positive macrophages in human inflammatory dental pulp could phagocytize apoptotic cells positive for caspase 3 (CASP3) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). MSR1 is regarded as a key regulatory factor. Knockdown of Msr1 in rats can impair the clearance of apoptotic cells, reduce the expression of Mertk, and aggravate inflammation. Conclusion: MSR1 maintains immune homeostasis in the dental pulp by promoting macrophage efferocytosis, providing a theoretical basis for targeted vital pulp therapy.

Alessandra Putrino, Gaia Bompiani, Francesco Aristei et al.

Clear aligners (CAs) have emerged as a widely accepted alternative to conventional fixed orthodontic appliances due to their aesthetic appeal, comfort, and removability. Despite their increasing use, the precise biomechanical behavior of CAs—particularly in relation to maxillary arch expansion and torque control—remains incompletely understood. This scoping review aims to synthesize and critically examine the recent body of evidence derived from finite element analysis (FEA) studies investigating the performance of clear aligners in managing transverse discrepancies and controlling tooth movement. It considered studies published up to April 2025. All included FEA studies assumed dental and bone tissues as linearly elastic, homogeneous, and isotropic, unless otherwise specified. Five in silico studies were included, all employing three-dimensional FEA models to assess the influence of various clinical and design parameters, such as aligner thickness, movement sequence, attachment configuration, and torque compensation. The findings consistently show that movement protocols involving alternating activation patterns and specific attachment designs can significantly improve the efficiency of maxillary expansion, while reducing undesired tipping or anchorage loss. Additionally, greater aligner thicknesses were generally associated with increased force delivery and more pronounced tooth displacement. Although FEA provides a powerful tool for visualizing stress distribution and predicting mechanical responses under controlled conditions, the lack of standardized force application and limited clinical validation remain important limitations. These findings underscore the potential of optimized aligner protocols to enhance treatment outcomes, but they also highlight the need for complementary in vivo studies to confirm their clinical relevance and guide evidence-based practice.

Jean-François Crépault, Jean-François Crépault, Timothy S. Naimi et al.

Alcohol is a favorite psychoactive substance of Canadians. It is also a leading risk factor for death and disability, playing a causal role in a broad spectrum of health and social issues. Alcohol: No Ordinary Commodity is a collaborative, integrative review of the scientific literature. This paper describes the epidemiology of alcohol use and current state of alcohol policy in Canada, best practices in policy identified by the third edition of Alcohol: No Ordinary Commodity, and the implications for the development of effective alcohol policy in Canada. Best practices – strongly supported by the evidence, highly effective in reducing harm, and relatively low-cost to implement – have been identified. Measures that control affordability, limit availability, and restrict marketing would reduce population levels of alcohol consumption and the burden of disease attributable to it.

Gerardo Cazzato, Francesca Ambrogio, Caterina Foti et al.

Various adverse reactions to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been described since the first months of the vaccination campaign. In addition to more frequent reactions, rare reactions, such as sarcoidosis-like, rashes have been reported. We present a case of a 23-year-old woman with a rash on the chin and peribuccal region, which developed approximately 3 weeks after the administration of the second dose of the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine. We briefly discuss other reports in the literature.

G. Cervino, L. Laino, C. D’amico et al.

Abstract A current topic in dentistry concerns the biocompatibility of the materials, and in particular, conservative dentistry and endodontics ones. The mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a dental material with biocompatibility properties to oral and dental tissues. MTA was developed for dental root repair in endodontic treatment and it is formulated from commercial Portland cement, combined with bismuth oxide powder for radiopacity. MTA is used for creating apical plugs during apexification, repairing root perforations during root canal therapy, treating internal root resorption, and pulp capping. The objective of this article is to investigate MTA features from a clinical point of view, even compared with other biomaterials. All the clinical data regarding this dental material will be evaluated in this review article. Data obtained from the analysis of the past 10 years’ literature highlighted 19 articles in which the MTA clinical aspects could be recorded. The results obtained in this article are an important step to demonstrate the safety and predictability of oral rehabilitations with these biomaterials and to promote a line to improve their properties in the future.

E. Swift, J. Perdigão, H. O. Heymann

Vy Ngo, Martin L. Duennwald

Organisms are continually exposed to exogenous and endogenous sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other oxidants that have both beneficial and deleterious effects on the cell. ROS have important roles in a wide range of physiological processes; however, high ROS levels are associated with oxidative stress and disease progression. Oxidative stress has been implicated in nearly all major human diseases, from neurogenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Antioxidant defence systems have evolved as a means of protection against oxidative stress, with the transcription factor Nrf2 as the key regulator. Nrf2 is responsible for regulating an extensive panel of antioxidant enzymes involved in the detoxification and elimination of oxidative stress and has been extensively studied in the disease contexts. This review aims to provide the reader with a general overview of oxidative stress and Nrf2, including basic mechanisms of Nrf2 activation and regulation, and implications in various major human diseases.

Maryam Sohrabi, Ramtin Dastgir

Abstract This report intends to compare classic presentations of odontogenic myxoma in contrast to our case. We also suggest a comprehensive evaluation of lesions and strongly advocate against premature treatments before reaching a definitive diagnosis.

Swapnil Sanjay Karwa, Lalitha Basappa Shiggaon, Alka Sanjay Waghmare et al.

Mucosal fenestration is a rare entity wherein apex of the tooth is exposed in the oral cavity due to breakdown of the overlying bone and mucosa. This leads to accumulation of plaque and if left untreated can hamper the further prognosis of the tooth. Although there are few evidences regarding mucosal fenestrations in posterior region of maxilla, treatment of the same have been challenging for the clinicians. This case report describes the management of mucosal fenestrations in the posterior maxilla by regenerative periodontal flap surgical approach using xenograft (Osseograft) and platelet-rich fibrin membrane.

Seyed Hosein Tabatabaei, Seyed Mehdi Kalantar, Mohammad Hasan Akhavan Karbassi et al.

Introduction: Considering the importance of oral health as a part of general health and the role of physicians in community health, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between common oral diseases and general body health from the perspective of medical students in Yazd City in 2018. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 210 internship and pre-internship students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd Cityin 2018 were selected randomly and their knowledge about common oral and dental diseases and its relationship with general body health was assessed through a valid and reliabile questionnaire consisted of 10 questions. Data were entered into SPSS version 16 statistical software and analyzed using descriptive statistics and T-test. Results: In the present study, 191 internship and pre-internship students completed the research questionnaire, of which 101 were female (52.8 %) and 90 were male (47.1%). The mean age of the students was 24.07 ±1.92. Their mean grade point average at the time of the study was 15/95±1/28. The mean score of their knowledge of oral diseases was 9.79 ± 3.27 with a range of 1 to 19. There was no statistically significant relationship between the mean score of knowledge in terms of age, sex, semester and grade point average (p˃0/05). Conclusion: The results showed that the mean score of knowledge of the internship and pre-internship students about common oral diseases and its relationship with general health is low. Therefore, it seems necessary to improve the level of knowledge of medical students in this regard by adding the mentioned topics to the educational curriculum of medical students.

Natalia Mendes de Matos Cardoso, Natália Cristina Ruy Carneiro, Lia Silva de Castilho et al.

Introdução: A doença renal crônica (DRC) é uma condição caracterizada por anormalidades estruturais ou funcionais do rim. A DRC pode estar associada a diversas alterações bucais, como maior prevalência de cárie dentária, doença periodontal, xerostomia, candidíase e queimação bucal. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os fatores de risco associados ao edentulismo em indivíduos com DRC em tratamento com hemodiálise. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 650 indivíduos de 18 a 90 anos em hemodiálise no sudeste do Brasil. Foi realizado exame clínico oral e aplicação de questionário abordando características demográficas e histórico odontológico. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa em Seres Humanos da UFMG. Resultados: Um total de 183 participantes eram edêntulos (28,2%). Indivíduos com menor escolaridade (OR = 3,99; IC 95%: 2,34-6,79), aqueles que não foram ao dentista nos últimos seis meses (OR = 2,49; IC 95%: 1,52-4,08), aqueles que avaliaram o seu próprio sorriso como excelente ou bom (OR = 2,00; IC95%: 1,35-2,97) e aqueles com alguma alteração de mucosa (OR = 4,17; IC95%: 2,83-6,13) tiveram maior chance de pertencer ao grupo de edêntulos. Discussão: Os presentes achados podem contribuir para o estabelecimento de políticas públicas de saúde voltadas a nortear programas de atenção odontológica à pessoa com doença renal crônica que atendam às necessidades específicas dessa população. Conclusão: O edentulismo esteve associado à baixa escolaridade, falta de atendimento odontológico nos últimos seis meses, sorriso autoavaliado positivo e alterações mucosas.

A. Schwitalla, T. Spintig, Ilona Kallage et al.

Rosa De Stefano

Dentistry and oral health are at the heart of the systemic health of humans. Often this branch of medicine is underestimated either due to socioeconomic reasons or due to fear. In fact, in dentistry, there is often a widespread condition of odontophobia among patients. A clinician’s knowledge of this condition, and an accompanying understanding of how to successfully manage it, is surely one of the first steps to gaining a patient’s trust and maintaining his or her patronage. Being able to manage a dental phobic patient in the best way is the key to successful therapy. Psychological techniques often have to work alongside dentistry in managing these patients. A future perspective concerns precisely the implementation of non-invasive practices such as hypnosis in the management of the latter.

I. Nasseh, W. Al-Rawi

In the last several decades, the need for 3D images in dentistry have developed. Computerized tomography was first introduced mainly with the advent of implantology, but its use remained limited to a small number of specialists, due to its indications, access and dose radiation. In the late 90's, a new technology using a cone-shaped beam and a reciprocating detector, which rotates around the patient 360 degrees and acquires projected data in a single rotation, namely the cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT), invaded dentistry, making the perception of 3D easily acceptable to dentists and their patients.

T. Karpiński, A. Szkaradkiewicz

S. Oberoi, Chandan Dhingra, G. Sharma et al.

P. Binon

Jasna Leko, Tomislav Škrinjarić, Kristina Goršeta

Children with high dental anxiety display uncooperative behavior during dental procedures. Different self-assessment questionnaires are in use to estimate the prevalence of dental fear and anxiety (DFA) in children but they need to be tested for reliability and validity in different populations. Objectives: The aim of this study was to test the reliability and validity of two scales for the assessment of child dental fear and anxiety in a sample of Croatian children. Material and Methods: The sample comprised 202 pairs consisting of children and their mothers (97 boys and 105 girls) aged 5 - 12 years. Two scales were used to assess children’s DFA: the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule – Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) and the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale - face version (MCDAS-f). The Corah’s Dental Anxiety Scale (CDAS) was used in the sample of children’s mothers. The average scores of cooperative children and children with behavior management problem (BMP) were compared. Results: Cooperative children displayed significantly lower CFSS-DS scores than children with BMP (M = 28. 46 vs. M = 39. 36; P < 0.001). The average MCDAS-f score was significantly higher in children with BMP than in cooperative children (M = 28. 07 vs. 20. 01; P < 0.001). The CFSS-DS showed high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0. 90), while internal consistency of MCDAS-f was good (α = 0.73). The maternal CDAS showed good internal consistency (α = 0, 89). The correlations with other self-report measurements of DFS show good validity of all scales. The correlations between CFSS-DS and MCDAS-f were highly significant (r = 0.482; P < 0. 01) as well as the correlations of CFSS-DS and MCDAS-f with CDAS scores (r = 0.223; P < 0. 01 and r = 0.198; P < 0. 01, respectively. Conclusion: The obtained results suggest that both the CFSS-DS scale and the MCDAS-f scale are reliable and valid scales for measuring dental fear and anxiety in children in a sample of Croatian children. The MCDAS-f scale has shown slightly lower internal consistency but it is suitable for use in young children. In addition, the MCDAS-f scale is simple to administer.