Hasil untuk "Communities. Classes. Races"

Gadis Suci Lestari, Herlina Fitrihidajati, Adi Candra et al.

Catfish farming still faces the problem of high feed costs, so economical and sustainable alternative feeds are needed. Lemna minor has the potential to be used as an alternative feed due to its high nutritional content, but its growth productivity is relatively low without added nutrients. The use of eco-enzymes made from household organic waste as organic liquid fertilizer is a solution to increase the productivity of Lemna minor while supporting sustainable waste management. This study aims to describe the content of eco-enzymes from organic waste, describe the effect and determine the most effective concentration of eco-enzymes in increasing the cover area (LCA) and biomass of Lemna minor, as well as assess its impact as an alternative feed supporting SDG 2. The research was conducted from September to November 2025 at Kampoeng Pintar Oase and consisted of two stages, namely observation of the eco-enzyme production process and experimentation with its implementation in Lemna minor cultivation. The parameters observed included the macro nutrient content of eco-enzymes, cover area (LCA), Lemna minor biomass, and cultivation media quality. Nutrient content analysis was conducted at the Surabaya Laboratory of the Agency for Standardization and Industrial Services (BSPJI) based on the 2011 standard for liquid organic fertilizer quality. The data were analyzed descriptively quantitatively, followed by one-way analysis of variance and Duncan's test at a 5% level. The results showed that eco-enzyme met the standards for liquid organic fertilizer and had a significant effect on the growth of Lemna minor. A concentration of 20 ml of eco-enzyme produced the highest LCA and biomass values, while a concentration of 60 ml showed the lowest growth. These findings indicate that eco-enzyme at the optimal concentration effectively increases Lemna minor production and supports sustainable food security in line with SDG 2.

Ayoub Guemouria, Abdelghani Chehbouni, Salwa Belaqziz et al.

The watershed represents a holistic system whose poor understanding of its multiple subsystems can lead to a pronounced water scarcity. This study aims to develop an innovative technique for managing water resources within the Souss-Massa watershed. It uses the System Dynamics (SD) methodology to analyze the interplay among the factors involved in water supply and demand. The results show that under the Business As Usual (BAU) scenario, water sustainability in this watershed is not assured. Groundwater drawdown (GWD) will increase significantly, with an estimated average decrease of −337 Mm3 for the period 2022 to 2050. To remedy this critical situation, several simulations were developed, each representing a distinct scenario. Scenario 1 improves irrigation efficiency by 10%, while scenario 2 achieves a 20% improvement. Scenario 3 builds on scenario 2 by doubling the volume of reused water. Scenario 4 extends scenario 3 by also doubling the volume of desalinated water. Scenario 5 combines the 10% improvement in irrigation efficiency from scenario 1 with a doubling of both reused and desalinated water volumes, along with a stabilization of irrigated areas. Scenario 6 adds a 7% increase in water supply to the measures in scenario 5. Finally, scenario 7 combines the 10% irrigation efficiency improvement from scenario 1 with a doubling of reused and desalinated water volumes, but reduces the irrigated area by 15%. This study is of crucial importance to decision-makers, as it provides them with strategies for promoting water-saving practices and, consequently, advancing the sustainable development agenda.

This article presents the results of an international research project carried out in Italy and Canada, conducted by architects, landscape architects, sociologists and medical doctors. The study originated in the conviction that health and well-being are crucial objectives integrated within the notion of a sustainable city. For this reason, the configuration of urban space plays a decisive role in defining lifestyles and can contribute to improving the welfare of citizens. Many of today’s diseases are caused by a sedentary lifestyle; it is essential, therefore, to centre prevention on the promotion of physical well-being encouraging an active lifestyle, which can be achieved by changing the urban structure. With the aim of bringing about sustainable and healthy lifestyles, streets are in vogue. Streets are meeting and experimental places, theatres of everyday life and settings for cultural events. They provide crucial urban space for people and, in the context of urban studies, offer intellectual research nourishment to reflect on this fundamental element of the structure of the city. The research project presented here is aimed at encouraging active lifestyles, walkability and the use of public transport by facilitating accessibility to four sites in Rome and Montreal, and by exploring the potential leveraging of existing infrastructures and services. The research-based design proposals start with the idea of redeveloping the system of public spaces, beginning with the increase of bicycle and pedestrian routes in relation to schools, commerce, sports facilities and archaeological heritage. The goal is to build feasible, safe, recognisable and attractive routes and well-equipped public spaces in order to discourage the use of private vehicles, especially for short trips. The projects presented here are based on a systemic vision and make use of existing, but often abandoned or undervalued, spaces and resources.

Christine Lang, Andreas Pott, Kyoko Shinozaki

Abstract The introductory article of this Special Issue explores the potential of an organisational perspective in comparative migration studies and for migration studies more broadly. Although organisations shape migration processes and the in/exclusion of migrants and their descendants in multiple ways, their role has long received surprisingly little attention in migration studies. Taking stock of the research engaging with organisations, we outline the main contours of the literature and suggest several conceptual perspectives that migration scholarship may benefit from. Based on the contributions included in this Special Issue, which focus on different types of organisations in diverse empirical contexts, we discuss three main patterns of organisational practices influencing migration and migrants’ trajectories. These pertain to (1) decision-making about in/exclusion and underlying categorisations, (2) the (re-)production of ‘migrant figures’, and (3) rationalities and structures shaping organisational practices.

Marina Ortrud M. Hertrampf

The article discusses the comparatively young form of written Romani literary self-expression as an example of “minor literature” in Deleuze and Guattari’s sense.[1] The focus here is on producing a classifying survey of the literary production of Romani writers in France and Spain, with the article outlining the different aesthetic fields and literary forms evident in French and Spanish Romani literature. The comparative approach reveals that despite regional and national differences, these minor literatures demonstrate several aesthetic similarities typical of Romani literature that could ultimately come to define the transnational, cross-border characteristics of Romani literature. Furthermore, I show that there are literary tendencies in contemporary Romani literatures that go beyond the usual forms of establishing literary self-expression in diasporic cultural productions or aesthetic appropriation of major society’s literary traditions, so that Romani literatures in French and Spanish should, I argue, also be seen as part of world literature. 1 It is important to emphasize that the potentially offending implications of the evaluative use of the term “minor” is by no means hinted at in Deleuze and Guattari: The French “literature mineure” does not indicate lower aesthetic qualities or literary inferiority to majority literature but rather describes a literature produced by writers not (exclusively) belonging to the nation-state in which they live. At the same time, it should be mentioned that the term “small literature,” in contrast to minor literatures, means literary expressions from small nations or/and in small languages like, for example, in Bulgarian, Estonian, or Luxembourgish (cf., Glesener 2012).

Milosavljević Angelina, Stefanović Tadija

The tendency towards modernization is noticeable in Belgrade's architecture from the beginning of the 20th century, in the form of stylistic norms adopted from the Vienna Secession, which was the medium through which the forces of the reforms in architecture, culture and art were incorporated in the overall processes of modernization of in The Kingdom of Serbia. These processes reflect the cultural strivings of Serbian society, the efforts to demonstrate its cosmopolitan spirit, and the need to elevate and complement its historicist architectural stock, grounded in academic and national models, with more modern elements. In the architecture of the Serbian capital, the Secession brought together and conciliated, in a way, these two tendencies. Only a small number of buildings were composed in the dominant Secession style, with the basic characteristics of dissolution and negation of the earlier compositional schemes of strictly symmetrical horizontal and tripartite, or quinquepartite division of façades with risalits and enclosed façades, as well as conspicuous cornices and friezes, pilasters, framed portals and windows. The Secession's decorative schemes were gradually introduced into the architecture of Belgrade as an authentic depository of a new decorative programme that consisted of both typical and original floral, anthropomorphic, zoomorphic and geometric ornaments, which replaced the classical repertory. This was especially prominent in the residential architecture that carried the ideas of the Secession. Therefore, one of the main goals of this essay is to interpret the role of the Secession in residential architecture in Belgrade from the beginning of the 20th century, and to introduce some of its lesser-known examples.

Rajendra Prasad Chapagain

African American women have been made multiple victims: racial discrimination by the white community and sexual repression by black males of their own community. They have been subjected to both kind of discrimination racism and sexism. It is common experience of black American women. Black American women do have their own peculiar world and experiences unlike any white or black men and white women. They have to fight not only against white patriarchy and white women's racism but also against sexism of black men within their own race. To be black and female is to suffer from the triple oppressionsexism, racism and classicism. Alice Walker and her Common Theme: Alice Walker, a powerful black female writer, writes about the complex themes of racial injustice and the oppression over women. She portrays the struggle of black people especially of black women throughout history. Since, she examines closely the experiences of black women in a sexist and racist society in her fiction works, she is called the voice of the voiceless people, usually of the poor black women. "Her personal experiences and observations as a black woman are replicated in her works and her characters" (Charrumathi viii). She admires the struggle and achievements of black women throughout the western history and particularly American history to maintain selfhood, spirituality and creativity in their lives. Her literary works pave the way for black and even white women for attainment of emotional wholeness. She raises the issue of triple oppression of racism, sexism and classicism on black women. It is common theme in her fiction works. Her female characters are capable of confronting and resisting repressions caused by different agents of patriarchal society. They build a unity in female circle to resist such patriarchal repressions. They articulate clear visions not just of the repressions they face, but of the hope to develop the ability to stand up for themselves in acts of resistance. Racism and Repression Racism, a systematized form of oppression, is prejudicial attitude existing between races for thousands of years. Racism in America has existed since the colonial era. It involves laws, practices and action that discriminate and impact various groups based on their race and ethnicity. Whites in America enjoyed legally and socially sanctioned privileges and rights which were denied to other races and minorities. * Associate Professor of Saraswati Multiple Campus (Humanities Faculty: English Department), Tribhuvan University, Nepal. Interdisciplinary Journal of Management and Social Sciences Rajandra Prasad Chapagain 114 Racism, as a man-made phenomenon, has been defined by Hernton Calvin as: all of the learned behaviour and learned emotions on the part of a group of people towards another group; whose physical characteristics are dissimilar to the former group behaviour and emotions that compel one group to treat the other on the basis of its physical characteristics alone, as if, it did not belong to the human race. (Calvin 175) The basic myth of racism is that white skin by birth carries its cultural superiority, that the whites are more intelligent and more virtuous than the blacks by the simple fact of being white in color of skin. On the psychological level, whiteness is automatically associated with beauty and culture whereas blackness with ugliness and cultural backwardness and with the background of slavery. Racism started in America when white masters of the land brought the first Africans in chains to use their labour in their farms. As a result, black people soon ceased to exist as human beings in the white world. In a study of the origin of racism in the United States, Joel Kovel, about the whites, says "first reduced the human self of his black slave to a body and then the body to a thing; he dehumanized his slave, made him quantifiable, and thereby absorbed him into a rising world market of productive exchange" (Kovel 18). There was nothing left to blacks except their black African soul which was also taken away by super imposed white values on them. With the collapse of their native values, they lost their authentic self and began to cultivate the feelings of inferiority. Hence black men in America do have the bitter experience of racism as they have suffered much from racism for being black. Black women, being dependent on black males, suffered more than their male members and became helpless. Being a slave himself, black man was completely unable to question the white man's misbehavior upon his woman. Either way, "the black woman was deprived of a strong black man on whom she could rely for protection" (Gerda xxiii). So, black women's awful predicament continued right from the days of slavery. Despite gradual progress, black women in America are still far behind black men and white women. Gloria Steinem, in her introduction to Outrageous Acts and Everyday Rebellions, states this equation very briefly thus: "Just as male was universal but female was limited, white was universal but black was limited" (Steinem 7). A sense of inferiority and inadequacy was cultivated by the white dominant group to deprive blacks of their genuine potential. Hence, the condition of black women from the right beginning of slavery has been being worse than black men in the new land America. They became the victim of racist and sexist oppression including lynching and rape. Black women are bearers of what Barbara Smith calls "geometric oppression" (Smith 5). They are bound to carry a triple consciousnessrace, gender and class for not only being black but also being female and economically underprivileged in the male dominated society. This triple oppression has blocked black women from flourishing their hidden potentiality and to make a notable involvement in the society. Oppressed from black men in their patriarchal community and white men and women in society, black women have to struggle for survival both inside and outside their houses. They have been resisting the multiple repressions of different forms in different ways. They are uniquely rich in resisting repressions. This can be meaningfully witnessed in the literary works especially in fiction works of Alice Walker, the richly deserving recipient of the Pulitzer Prize for literature in 1982. Interdisciplinary Journal of Management and Social Sciences Rajandra Prasad Chapagain 115 Walker's novels highlight black women, differentiated not only in terms of male standard and poverty but also more importantly Euro-American women's standard. In her novels, the black woman is understood in contrast to the white woman. By nature of their race, black women are considered as lower class, as Barbara Christian in her book, Black Feminist Criticism: Perspectives on Black Women Writers, remarks: They had to work, most could not be ornamental or withdrawn from the world; and according to the aesthetics of this country, they were not beautiful. But neither were they men. Any aggressiveness or intelligence on their part, qualities necessary for participation in the work world, were constructed as unwomanly and tasteless. (Christian 72) Black American women are considered totally different from other women not only in color of skin but also in mental aptitude. They were thought neither beautiful in body nor average in mental capacity and were taken as unwomanly and tasteless female sex. Walker studies the overall condition of black women and questions the social convention of mainstream society dominated by the whites in America. She prefers womanism rather than feminism to make the close study of the actual inner and outer goings of African American women's life. She lays an emphasis on female solidarity to fight against whites' racism and black males' sexism. She examines black women's quest for selfhood through individual relationship to the community. Her female characters are on search of psychological health and wholeness and eventually achieve it when they become able to fight against oppression. They embody the struggle of being a triple minorityboth black and female. One finds Walker unfolding the oppression of black women in her fiction works. In other words, Walker's fiction works depict the emotional, spiritual and physical devastation that occur when family trust is betrayed. Her focus is on black women who grow to reside in a larger world and struggle to achieve independent identity beyond male domination. Walker is sensitive to the racial undercurrents of American society. As a militant black woman writer engaged in liberation struggle, she strongly states that the major concern of black women's literature should be on black women's struggle for self definition. It should encourage black women to struggle against the racial or sexual oppression upon them in male dominated society. In an interview granted to Sojourner, Walker herself states: Of course the [whites] oppress us; they oppress the world. Who's got his big white foot on the whole world? The white man, the rich white man. But we also oppress each other and we oppress ourselves. I think that one of the traditions we have in Black Women's literature is a tradition of trying to fight all the oppression. (Walker 14) Walker opines that the major concern of black women's literature should be on oppressions of different kinds imposed upon black women not only by White men and women but also by the men of their own race and communities. Black women's literature should aim at encouraging black American women to resist the repression of different kinds from different sides. It can be argued that in a multiracial society like the United States, the dominant race uses its power to dictate the existential modalities of the minority races. Even blacks would want to borrow the external signs of whiteness by bleaching their skin or by wearing colored contact lenses in order to move closer to white phenotypes. In reference to social dynamism of Af

Tania Maité Ponce Laguardia, Dayamí Matheu Jiménez, Osdaly Díaz Mora et al.

Jacqueline Francis

Romare Bearden (b. 1911–d. 1988) is an artist best known for his inventive collage methods, evident in his production from the mid-1950s to the time of his death. Influenced by synthetic cubism, fauvism, and German expressionism, Bearden created intimate collages of cut-out magazine and book images—figures and forms of everyday life and of canonical art from around the world as well. The collages served as the basis of other projects in which Bearden photographed, photocopied, and enlarged them to produce matte, black-and-white prints. Bearden also made unique mixed media work, bringing together a variety of papers and materials and reworking the bas-relief surfaces additively with paint, ink, and graphite and subtractively by abrading them. His mature production included watercolor drawings, oil monoprints, sculpture, limited edition prints (etchings, lithographs, and serigraphs), fabric and textile work, and commissioned public murals and stage design as well. A student of George Grosz during the 1930s, Bearden started out as a social realist painter who admired Mexican muralism of the period that heroicized the poor and working classes and satirized the rich and powerful. Early in his career, Bearden was a political cartoonist and illustrator for student publications at Boston University and New York University as well as for African American newspapers and magazines. In search of universal themes, Bearden, in an expressionist mode, interpreted ancient Greek myths, biblical narratives, and Federico Garcia Lorca’s poems during the 1940s, a decade during which he enjoyed some success. His work was included in the annuals of major museums and in African American art surveys, and it was the subject of monographic exhibitions organized by galleries in New York and Washington, DC, even during World War II when he served in the US Army. The Museum of Modern Art and Bryn Mawr College acquired his paintings. When support for Bearden’s art dwindled, he traveled in Europe for several months, and, once back in the United States, he returned to his job as a New York City social worker. He also took up songwriting, penning lyrics for jazzy tunes and romantic ballads that won popular acclaim. Encouraged by friends, among them Hannah Arendt and Henrich Blucher, Bearden returned to visual art making in the mid-1950s. He made abstract paintings and Dada-influenced collages. The latter mostly featured people of African descent as totemic forms and as dramatis personae in diverse narrative traditions. The iconic figures of his compositions included working-class African Americans whom he knew from spending summers in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, with his grandmother, Harlem’s Big Band leaders, and black healers, conjurers, and musicians from the rural US South and from the Caribbean island of St. Martin. An artist, curator, writer, and community organizer, Bearden often worked collaboratively: he co-wrote books on art theory and art history and he co-founded artists’ groups and art exhibitions spaces. A humanist and anti-racist activist, Bearden was a vocal advocate for the arts, for African Americans, and for greater opportunities for artists of all races and backgrounds.

Kristin Bergtora Sandvik

This is an initial exploration of an emergent type of humanitarian goods – wearables for tracking and protecting the health, safety and nutrition of aid recipients. Examining the constitutive process of ‘humanitarian wearables’, the article reflects on the ambiguous position of digital humanitarian goods developed at the interface of emergency response contexts, the digitisation of beneficiary bodies and the rise of data and private-sector involvement in humanitarian aid. The article offers a set of contextual framings: first, it describes the proliferation and capabilities of various tracking devices across societal domains; second, it gives a brief account of the history of wristbands in refugee management and child nutrition; third, an inventory is given of prototype products and their proposed uses in aid. It is argued that what needs to be understood is that, in ‘the making’ of humanitarian wearables, the product is the data produced by digitised beneficiary bodies, not the wearables themselves.

Lazar D. Gitelman, Vladimir V. Dobrodey, Mikhail V. Kozhevnikov

Nowadays, it is relevant to consider changes in the structure of the fuel and energy balance of industrial regions and the availability of imported fuel and energy resources, especially in the areas that lack energy sources. The ongoing structural shifts in energy consumption systems and the growing uncertainty in energy markets encourage the development of tools for improving the sustainable development of regional energy systems. To refine the theoretical and methodological basis of the study, we defined its conceptual framework, described the difference s betwee n sustainabl e functionin g an d developmen t o f th e energy sector and determined the factors of its regional differentiation and manifestations of the energy crisis. Further, we identified the shortcomings of the existing methods for forecasting the demand for electricity. We paid special attention to quality factors of strategic planning in the region, in particular, the used statistics and documents. Based on the analysis of integrated resource planning (IRP) methodology, our experience in forecasting fuel and energy balances, assessment of sectoral indicators of energy efficiency and energy demand in the region, we proposed a model for predictive and analytical justification of regional programmes for energy development. Such a model significantly increases the information reliability of these programmes’ implementation. Considering organisational tools to support sustainable development, we developed a regional energy management scheme and a mechanism stimulating local energy companies to improve energy efficiency in the consumption sector, enhance regional competition and attract investments in the renewal of fixed assets. The study has practical significance due to recommendations and tools for adjusting regional energy policy based on the coordination of the predicted parameters for various participants in the energy supply process.

Manuchehr Sanadjian

Danielle Robinson

First paragraphs: The premise of Susan Futrell’s Good Apples: Behind Every Bite is that by understanding the environmental, social, and economic issues affect­ing apples growers in America, the reader can better appreciate and support sustainable food systems. Futrell’s storytelling is grounded in her years of experience working in sustainable food distribution, which includes 25 years in sales and marketing for a cooperatively owned natural food distributor called Blooming Prairie Warehouse in the Midwest, and her current work with Red Tomato, a small nonprofit food hub based in Massachusetts, where she helped develop the Eco Apple® program. From the beginning, Futrell resists the pressure to simplify and dichotomize complexities. Chapter 1, At the Intersection of Apples and Local, establishes this tone with her contextual consideration of how the term local is defined. Chapter 2, Immigrant Apples, reviews the history of apples in America. In it she discusses key historical figures and the emer­gence of seedling nurseries, apple varieties, grow­ers’ associations, and land-grant institutions. . . .

Ana Valderrama

El resumen todavía no está disponible.

Minakshi Keeni, Nina Takashino, A.K. Nongkynrih et al.

The present study was undertaken to ascertain whether rural women are empowered in a matrilineal society in India. In a state where traditional institutions function on the basis of local customs and conventions that are not codified and yet religiously followed, it is questionable to whether the women are essentially empowered. In such a scenario, one wonders if owning land is enough to empower a woman. The objective of this study is to check if whether land ownership empowers a woman and if it gives her decision-making power in the household. The study was conducted at one village from each of the two districts in Meghalaya- the East Khasi Hills and the West Khasi Hills. Fifty female respondents from each district were made to answer a structured questionnaire, after which four respondents had to be eliminated, as they were unmarried and eighteen respondents had to be dropped as they were either a widow or separated. Probit regression was then used to analyze the data. The results stated that women who inherited land were more likely to have a savings account and be a part of a socio-economic group. From this it can be concluded, that women who owned land through lineage were empowered, however the fact that they still consider their husbands to be the head of the family, makes us consider that there may be a psychological component to it.

Leonel Agustín Pérez-Bustamante

El siguiente trabajo tiene el objetivo de entregar insumos primarios para una posible reutilización cultural y turística del patrimonio y del paisaje minero de las “Ruinas de ENACAR”, sector Chambeque, Lota Alto. Para ello, se planificó un ejercicio colectivo y cartográfico donde participaron habitantes, organizaciones locales y actores académicos interesados en explorar en los usos y apropiaciones del patrimonio por parte de la ciudadanía local. El mapeo participativo se llevó a cabo durante varias jornadas de trabajo con el apoyo técnico de académicos y profesionales especializados en patrimonio industrial. Las actividades desarrolladas consistieron en el análisis histórico, actual y futuro del sitio, para lo cual se dispusieron soportes gráficos, fotografías históricas de los trabajadores en sus labores industriales -que facilitaron la conexión afectiva con el espacio- y una presentación con fotografías del sitio y sus inmuebles, en su estado de conservación actual. Estas jornadas contaron con la asistencia de casi un centenar de actores locales, lo que permitió recolectar visiones heterogéneas respecto al territorio, sus valores como patrimonio industrial y posibles usos para su reutilización cultural y turística.

Juana Catalina Cordero Fernández de Córdova

Considerando el importante auge que actualmente experimenta el turismo urbano y el impacto que genera esta actividad en estos entornos, se hace necesario definir indicadores de sostenibilidad que permitan gestionar eficientemente la actividad. En esta línea, el objetivo de esta investigación es generar una propuesta de sistema de indicadores de sostenibilidad turística para destinos urbanos. Esta investigación aplicada, que emplea una metodología que combina el análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo, parte de la conceptualización del turismo urbano y su sostenibilidad y de la aplicación y cuantificación de indicadores. Este análisis inicial permite identificar las dimensiones de la sostenibilidad de los destinos urbanos y las variables de mayor incidencia para generar un primer listado de indicadores. Este primer listado teórico de indicadores se aplica en cuatro casos piloto (Barcelona, Tarragona, Lleida y Girona), y resulta en un sistema propio formado por cuatro dimensiones (sociocultural, económica, medio ambiental e institucional) y 26 indicadores validados. Los resultados muestran que la falta de información para la cuantificación de indicadores constituye una de las grandes limitaciones al momento de medir la sostenibilidad turística, por ello, la cooperación constante entre la administración pública y el sector privado es primordial para la generación de datos que permitan la aplicación de los indicadores de sostenibilidad, convirtiéndolos así en herramientas reales de planificación y gestión turística.

J. Quane, W. Wilson, Jackelyn Hwang

Yvone Mautner, Cíntia Alves