Hasil untuk "Animal culture"

Lingling Liu, Hang Cao, Haiyu Ma et al.

H3K4me3, a well-established histone modification associated with active promoters, plays a critical role in orchestrating gene expression programs that govern mammary gland development and lactation. In this study, we present the first comprehensive epigenomic profiling of H3K4me3 modifications during mammary gland development in Yili horses using Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation (CUT&Tag) and RNA sequencing. Mammary gland tissues were collected from two developmental stages—early lactation and peak lactation. A total of 393 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between two groups, among which 72 DEGs (54 upregulated H3K4me3 targets and 18 downregulated targets) were directly regulated by H3K4me3. KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that these DEGs were involved in ECM–receptor interaction, focal adhesion, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and the calcium signaling pathway. In these pathways, five genes were identified as potential regulators of mammary gland development. Among these, PTGES, COL1A1, PDGFRB, and RYR1 exhibited consistent upregulation at both the transcriptomic and chromatin levels, whereas PRKAG3 showed significant downregulation. These findings offer novel insights into the epigenetic regulation of lactation in horses and lay a theoretical foundation for improving milk production traits through targeted molecular breeding strategies.

S. Susanty, R. Dewanti-Hariyadi, H. D. Kusumaningrum

Campylobacter species, particularly Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, are foodborne pathogenic bacteria that cause campylobacteriosis, an acute gastroenteritis in humans. The most important transmission source to humans is contaminated animal products, such as chicken carcasses. Recently, there has been a growing concern about emerging antibiotic-resistant pathogens, including Campylobacter. Improper use of antibiotics in livestock can increase the risk of antibiotic resistance and the transmission of resistant bacterial strains to humans. This study aims to identify the species of Campylobacter spp. isolated from chicken carcasses and detected their antibiotic resistance genes using MinION sequencing in C. jejuni isolates. The disc diffusion method was also used to evaluate their resistance to macrolide, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolone antibiotics. The study results show that C. jejuni was identified in 64% of the 25 isolates, while C. coli was identified in 36% of the isolates. Molecular testing on C. jejuni isolates revealed that macrolide resistance genes were absent, specifically the 23S rRNA and the ermB genes. The tetO gene encoding for tetracycline resistance was detected in 62.5% of the isolates, and all 16 isolates (100%) were found to have the gyrA gene. In C. jejuni isolates, the cmeABC gene, which functions as a multidrug efflux pump, was also detected. The antibiotic resistance of C. jejuni isolates based on the disc diffusion method indicated high resistance to fluoroquinolone antibiotics, followed by tetracycline antibiotics.

Julia Sánchez-Gómez , Elizabeth Roldán-Suárez, David Israel Contreras-Medina et al.

Con el objetivo de analizar las estructuras de las redes comerciales de los apicultores en el centro y sur de Jalisco, México, se realizó una encuesta en seis municipios del estado. Se utilizó el Análisis de Redes Sociales (ARS) y se calcularon los indicadores: densidad, índice de centralización y cobertura de difusión. Los resultados mostraron que los apicultores cuentan con una edad promedio de 56 años y una escolaridad de nivel secundaria, poseen una red de proveedores diversa y bien conectada, articulada por un proveedor de equipo. Sin embargo, su red de clientes es más difusa y limitada, con pocos compradores, lo que genera una red dispersa y reduce las posibilidades de integración de los productores en beneficio de los objetivos comunes. Las características estructurales de estas redes sugieren que se podría diseñar una estrategia de mejora, enfocada en la comunicación y articulación de los actores clave (con una posición central y alta cobertura de difusión). Esta estrategia debe considerar, además, la experiencia de los apicultores y la importancia de la actividad apícola como fuente de ingresos.

Xianming Xin, Lijie Sun, Wei Liu et al.

IntroductionEnterocytozoon bieneusi (E. bieneusi) is a widespread intracellular fungi that poses a significant zoonotic threat due to its infectivity toward both humans and animals.MethodsTo evaluate the zoonotic transmission potential of this fungi, a molecular investigation was undertaken on E. bieneusi in cattle and goats reared across multiple cities in Zhejiang Province, China. A total of 651 fresh samples were collected, consisting of 265 cattle and 386 goats. The presence of E. bieneusi was determined by PCR amplification and sequencing analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene in all collected samples.ResultsThe results revealed that 17.1% (111/859) of the animals were afflicted with E. bieneusi, cattle having a prevalence of 14.0% (37/265) and goats displaying a higher rate of 19.2% (74/386). Seventeen E. bieneusi genotypes were identified, including 10 known, CHG5 (n = 30), CHG3 (n = 21), I (n = 14), J (n = 12), CHG2 (n = 11), COS-II (n = 8), D (n = 4), CHG19 (n = 2), ETMK5 (n = 1), and Henan III (n = 1), and seven novel, ZJG-I to ZJG-VI and ZJN-I (one each) genotypes.DiscussionThese findings indicate widespread infection of E. bieneusi among the surveyed animals, thereby raising concerns about zoonotic genotypes that could pose potential threats to public health. Furthermore, the identification of novel genotypes of E. bieneusi offers valuable insights into the genetic diversity of this pathogen.

Sewon Park, Yoonhee Park, Yu-Jin Jeong et al.

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the potential of 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) combinations as a novel and cost-effective substitute for human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) in promoting gut health and reducing inflammation. In vitro studies using caco-2 cells showed that 2′-FL and GOS combinations (H1 = GOS:2′-FL ratio of 1.8:1; H2 = GOS:2′-FL ratio of 3.6:1) reduced LPS-induced inflammation by decreasing pro-inflammatory markers, whereas individual treatments had no significant effects. In a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, combined 2′-FL and GOS supplementation alleviated symptoms, improved gut permeability, and enhanced intestinal structure, with the GH1 group (H1 combo with DSS) being the most effective. 2′-Fucosyllactose and GOS combinations also enhanced short-chain fatty acid production in infant fecal batch fermentation and mouse fecal analysis, with GH1 showing the most promising results. The GH1 supplementation altered gut microbiota in mice with DSS-induced colitis, promoting microbial diversity and a more balanced Firmicutes to Bacteroidota ratio. Infant formula products (IFP) containing 2′-FL and GOS combinations (IFP2 = 174 mg of GOS and 95 mg of 2′-FL per 14 g serving, 1.8:1 ratio; IFP3 = 174 mg of GOS and 48 mg of 2′-FL per 14 g serving, 3.6:1 ratio) demonstrated gastrointestinal protective and anti-inflammatory properties in a co-culture model of caco-2 and THP-1 cells. These findings suggest that 2′-FL and GOS combinations have potential applications in advanced infant formulas and supplements to promote gut health and reduce inflammation.

Buchale Shishitu Shija, Atnafu W/yohans Firew

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is an introduced fish species in Ayalew reservoir. Thisstudy provides the first results on fishery dynamics of the species in the reservoir. Thestudy was aimed at estimating important population dynamics parameters and productionpotential. Total length (TL) and total weight (TW) data were collected from a total of 276fish samples (141 females and 135 males). The obtained data were analyzed using FiSATII software. Jones length based cohort analysis model and length-based Thompson andBell yield predictionmodels were employed to estimate the population and productionpotential. The mean total length was 26 cm and the dominant length groupsranged from17 to 33 cmwere 87%. The length-weight relationship parameters were (TW=0.0565TL 2.53 , R 2 = 0.95) and the condition factor K= 1.29. The parameters of vonVertalanffy growth curve were L∞ = 41 cm, k = 0.52, t =-2.29, θ = 2.9 and A0.95 = 5.5years. The estimated values of the total, natural and fishing mortalities were Z = 1.23,M=0.55 and F = 0.68, respectively. The current exploitation rate was 0.55 which indicatesslightly overexploitation. The estimated fish population and the annual fish yield were59,304 and 1.5 tons, respectively. However, investigation on reproductive biology,limnolocal aspects and stock enhancements should be required for the sustainability ofthese resources.

Jaqueline Candido de Carvalho, Jaqueline Candido de Carvalho, Fabiana Ferreira Souza et al.

Canids occupy the top of the food chain and are fundamental in sustaining a wild animal/environmental balance. South America, the most biodiverse continent, has 11 species of canids inhabiting diverse biomes, with or without overlapping territories. Although several species are threatened, little is known about their reproductive biology. Remarkably, basic knowledge regarding ejaculate characteristics, sexual behavior, female reproductive cycles, pregnancy and management, and parturition are scarce or absent. These gaps complicate or preclude development of conservation programs. This review compiles the current knowledge of the reproductive biology of South American canids and discusses implications of this scenario.

I. V. Borovyk, N. M. Zazharska, T. I. Fotina

Ross Cobb 500 chickens (40) were divided into four groups of 10 animals. On the 15th day of life, Chickens from experimental groups were orally infected with a daily culture at a dose of 0.5 Mac Farland-1 ml (1.5×108 CFU/cm3) L. innocua, L. ivanovii, L. monocytogenes). One group was a control group. At the time of slaughter, on the 38th day of the chickens' life, blood samples were taken for biochemical and hematological studies. At the end of the experiment, in the control group of chickens, all animals (10) were alive; in the L. innocua, L. ivanovii, and L. monocytogenes groups, 8, 9, and 7 birds remained, respectively. Infection of poultry with the causative agent of listeriosis did not affect the weight of experimental broiler chickens; the average weight of infected animals was almost at the same level as the control group: L. monocytogenes (2278.5 ± 169.6 g), L. ivanovii (2422.8 ± 63.4 g), L. innocua (2358.0 ± 68.9 g), control group (2320.0 ± 70.8 g). Among the biochemical indicators of the blood of broiler chickens, specific biochemical changes were found, which were characterized, first of all, by an increase in the level of creatinine and the ratio of Ca and P and a decrease in the activity of alkaline phosphatase. The established changes may indicate a violation of metabolic processes in bone and muscle tissue due to the action of Listeria. According to the results of hematological studies of the broilers of the control and experimental groups, it was established that heterophilia due to L. monocytogenes, eosinophilia, and lymphocytosis – due to L. ivanovii and L. innocua compared to the control.

Eva Ramos-Morales, Eva Ramos-Morales, Emily Bolton et al.

In this study, Lippia origanoides Kunth, native to the Alto Patía region in Southwest Colombia, and Pichia guilliermondii LV196, an inactivated yeast from the germplasm bank of Agrosavia (Colombian Agricultural Research Corporation), alone or combined, were tested for their long-term effect on rumen fermentation and methanogenesis whilst also characterising their effect on bacterial and methanogen communities. Whereas essential oils act through selective inhibition of microbial groups, yeasts are thought to work through the selective stimulation of key microbes in the rumen. We hypothesized that yeast supplementation could modulate the antimicrobial effect of a high thymol-containing oregano oil, allowing a more efficient feed utilization whilst decreasing methane production. When added to a rumen simulating fermentor (RUSITEC), L. origanoides Kunth at 132 µL/d had a detrimental effect on rumen fermentation which was accompanied by a reduction in the relative abundance of protozoa and fungi and a profound impact on the bacterial and archaeal communities. P. guilliermondii LV196 at 0.5 g/L, however, had no effect on fermentation parameters or nutrient utilization, and neither changes in microbial abundances or in the structure of bacterial and archaeal communities were observed. P. guilliermondii LV196 did not stimulate microbial numbers nor activity and, consequently we could not test whether it could have counterbalanced the antimicrobial effect of the essential oil. Future studies need to both investigate lower levels of essential oil addition, but also to re-examine the effects of P. guillermondii in the rumen and/or to replace it with other yeast of known biological activity when combined with oils extracted from L. origanoides Kunth.

Juan José Calixto Muñoz, Dora Luz Pinzón-Martínez, Jesús Castillón Jardón et al.

Las harinas de grano entero de trigo (HGET) son fuente de fibra, antioxidantes, vitaminas, fitoquímicos y nutrientes y podrían suplir la creciente demanda de la industria panadera de trigos con alta calidad. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la calidad panadera de HGET de las variedades Cal Blanco F2011 (HCB); Mattchet F2011 (HM) y RSM-Norman F2008 (HN) cultivadas en México en otoño-inverno 2014 a 2016, mediante pruebas convencionales y una no convencional (consiste en la medición del volumen de fermentación de cada muestra de harina). Se realizaron determinaciones bromatológicas, reológicas, de calidad panadera por triplicado. Se realizó un ANDEVA, prueba por DMS (p<0,05) y un análisis de correlación. La HCB tiene mayor proteína (14,33%) que las testigos. Todas las harinas tienen tiempos de amasado favorables para buen volumen de pan, con buena fermentación y extensibilidad. Por lo anterior, las tres HGET experimentales resultaron ser competitivas a las harinas comerciales, pero HCB fue superior en casi todas las pruebas. La HM y HN, son similares a la HI en VOP, VOE y HAL volviéndolas comparables en calidad panadera. El pHf de HM y HCB es igual, pero en panificación la última es de mejor calidad haciéndola superior a las harinas integrales evaluadas. Se recomienda estudiar más la prueba de fermentación por la correlación con factores importantes en la diversas pruebas de calidad, esto con el fin de identificar si es factible o no su uso al evaluar la calidad de las harinas.

J.C. Plaizier, M. Danesh Mesgaran, H. Derakhshani et al.

Due to their high energy requirements, high-yielding dairy cows receive high-grain diets. This commonly jeopardises their gastrointestinal health by causing subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and hindgut acidosis. These disorders can disrupt nutrient utilisations, impair the functionalities of gastrointestinal microbiota, and reduce the absorptive and barrier capacities of gastrointestinal epithelia. They can also trigger inflammatory responses. The symptoms of SARA are not only due to a depressed rumen pH. Hence, the diagnosis of this disorder based solely on reticulo-rumen pH values is inaccurate. An accurate diagnosis requires a combination of clinical examinations of cows, including blood, milk, urine and faeces parameters, as well as analyses of herd management and feed quality, including the dietary contents of NDF, starch and physical effective NDF. Grain-induced SARA increases acidity and shifts availabilities of substrates for microorganisms in the reticulo-rumen and hindgut and can result in a dysbiotic microbiota that are characterised by low richness, diversity and functionality. Also, amylolytic microorganisms become more dominant at the expense of proteolytic and fibrolytic ones. Opportunistic microorganisms can take advantage of newly available niches, which, combined with reduced functionalities of epithelia, can contribute to an overall reduction in nutrient utilisation and increasing endotoxins and pathogens in digesta and faeces. The reduced barrier function of epithelia increases translocation of these endotoxins and other immunogenic compounds out of the digestive tract, which may be the cause of inflammations. This needs to be confirmed by determining the toxicity of these compounds. Cows differ in their susceptibility to poor gastrointestinal health, due to variations in genetics, feeding history, diet adaptation, gastrointestinal microbiota, metabolic adaptation, stress and infections. These differences may also offer opportunities for the management of gastrointestinal health. Strategies to prevent SARA include balancing the diet for physical effective fibre, non-fibre carbohydrates and starch, managing the different fractions of non-fibre carbohydrates, and consideration of the type and processing of grain and forage digestibility. Gastrointestinal health disorders due to high grain feeding may be attenuated by a variety of feed supplements and additives, including buffers, antibiotics, probiotics/direct fed microbials and yeast products. However, the efficacy of strategies to prevent these disorders must be improved. This requires a better understanding of the mechanisms through which these strategies affect the functionality of gastrointestinal microbiota and epithelia, and the immunity, inflammation and ‘gastrointestinal-health robustness’ of cows. More representative models to induce SARA are also needed.

I. Cemal, E. Karaman, M.Z. Firat et al.

Ultrasound scanning traits have been adapted in selection programs in many countries to improve carcass traits for lean meat production. As the genetic parameters of the traits interested are important for breeding programs, the estimation of these parameters was aimed at the present investigation. The estimated parameters were direct and maternal heritability as well as genetic correlations between the studied traits. The traits were backfat thickness (BFT), skin+backfat thickness (SBFT), eye muscle depth (MD) and live weights at the day of scanning (LW). The breed investigated was Kivircik, which has a high quality of meat. Six different multi-trait animal models were fitted to determine the most suitable model for the data using Bayesian approach. Based on deviance information criterion, a model that includes direct additive genetic effects, maternal additive genetic effects, direct maternal genetic covariance and maternal permanent environmental effects revealed to be the most appropriate for the data, and therefore, inferences were built on the results of that model. The direct heritability estimates for BFT, SBFT, MD and LW were 0.26, 0.26, 0.23 and 0.09, whereas the maternal heritability estimates were 0.27, 0.27, 0.24 and 0.20, respectively. Negative genetic correlations were obtained between direct and maternal effects for BFT, SBFT and MD. Both direct and maternal genetic correlations between traits were favorable, whereas BFT–MD and SBFT–MD had negligible direct genetic correlation. The highest direct and maternal genetic correlations were between BFT and SBFT (0.39) and between MD and LW (0.48), respectively. Our results, in general, indicated that maternal effects should be accounted for in estimation of genetic parameters of ultrasound scanning traits in Kivircik lambs, and SBFT can be used as a selection criterion to improve BFT.

Sahatchai Tangtrongsup, A. Valeria Scorza, John S. Reif et al.

The occurrence and zoonotic potential of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis isolated from dogs in Chiang Mai, Thailand were determined. Fecal samples were collected from 109 dogs between July and August 2008. Cryptosporidium spp. infection was determined by immunofluorescent assay (IFA), PCR assays that amplify Cryptosporidium heat-shock protein 70 kDa (hsp70), and two PCR assays that amplify a small subunit-ribosomal RNA (SSU-rRNA). Giardia duodenalis infection was identified using zinc sulfate centrifugal flotation, IFA, and four PCR assays that amplify the Giardia glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), beta-giardin (bg), and generic and dog-specific assays of triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) genes. Overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis was 31.2% and 45.9%, respectively. Sequence analysis of 22 Cryptosporidium-positive samples and 21 Giardia-positive samples revealed the presence of C. canis in 15, and C. parvum in 7, G. duodenalis Assemblage C in 8, D in 11, and mixed of C and D in 2 dogs. Dogs in Chiang Mai were commonly exposed to Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis. Cryptosporidium parvum can be isolated from the feces of dogs, and all G. duodenalis assemblages were dog-specific. Dogs could be a reservoir for a zoonotic Cryptosporidium infection in humans, but further studies will be required to determine the clinical and zoonotic importance.

Ana Paula C. Pires, Mariana C. Oliveira, Karina M. Braga et al.

Resumo: A intoxicação por plantas é sabidamente uma das principais causas de morte de bovinos adultos no Brasil. Uma vez que pouco pode ser feito no que diz respeito ao tratamento destas intoxicações, os esforços devem se concentrar na adoção de medidas profiláticas alternativas, como a utilização de uma espécie menos sensível no local de ocorrência de determinadas plantas. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho verificar a sensibilidade de caprinos às crotalárias (Crotalaria spectabilis e Crotalaria juncea) para que estes possam ser utilizados na profilaxia da intoxicação por essas plantas em bovinos. Sementes de C. spectabilis e C. juncea foram fornecidas em doses únicas ou diárias a oito caprinos adultos jovens, de ambos os sexos, divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de quatro animais (um grupo para cada planta). Dos quatro caprinos que receberam as sementes de C. juncea, nenhum desenvolveu sinais clínicos de intoxicação ou apresentou alterações significativas no exame bioquímico. Entre os quatro caprinos que receberam sementes de C. spectabilis três morreram. Um animal recebeu uma dose única de 20g/kg de sementes da planta e desenvolveu sinais de intoxicação aguda, caracterizadas macro e microscopicamente por necrose hemorrágica centrolobular. Os outros dois caprinos desenvolveram um quadro de intoxicação crônica pela administração de doses diárias de 2g/kg de sementes da planta por 35 e 150 dias respectivamente. Um animal apresentou uma marcada pneumonia intersticial e lesões hepáticas leves, enquanto no outro caprino observaram-se apenas lesões hepáticas crônicas. Ambos os animais apresentaram alterações transitórias ao exame bioquímico. O quarto caprino recebeu a dose única de 10g/kg, sobreviveu e não apresentou alterações clínicas ou da bioquímica sanguínea significativas. Os resultados do trabalho mostraram que não se deve usar caprinos como medida profilática na intoxicação por C. spectabilis,mas que pode se recomendar esta espécie na profilaxia da intoxicação por C. juncea.

Leonardo P. Mesquita, Denise Haibara, Marcelo S. Zanutto et al.

A infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV) em gatos domésticos é caracterizada por distúrbios imunológicos, que geralmente se manifestam tardiamente na doença. Semelhante à infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) em humanos, a infecção pelo FIV geralmente está associada a infecções oportunistas e ao desenvolvimento progressivo de nefropatia. Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as alterações histopatológicas em rins de 10 gatos experimentalmente infectados pelo FIV submetidos a eutanásia 60 meses após a inoculação viral. Nos rins de 100% dos gatos infectados pelo FIV foram visualizadas lesões glomerulares e tubulointersticiais. As lesões glomerulares eram caracterizadas principalmente por espessamento global ou segmentar da membrana basal glomerular (glomerulonefrite membranosa). Glomeruloesclerose e, em dois casos, proliferação de células epiteliais intraglomerulares (crescente glomerular), também foram observados. Nefrite intersticial linfoplasmocítica foi a alteração tubulointersticial mais frequente, visualizada em diferentes intensidades nos rins de 100% dos gatos. Os resultados do presente estudo demonstram que o tempo prolongado entre a infecção e a avaliação histopatológica pode ter sido decisivo para o surgimento das lesões renais em todos os gatos infectados pelo FIV e para o agravamento dessas lesões em alguns gatos.

Adriana Maciel de C. Cardoso, Alex Junior S. de Souza, Rodrigo C. Menezes et al.

O presente estudo objetivou descrever as lesões pulmonares macro e microscópicas associadas ao parasitismo por Sebekia oxycephala em 100 espécimes de jacarés-açu (Melanosuchusniger), abatidos na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, situada no Estado do Amazonas, Brasil. Durante a avaliação macroscópica, exemplares dos parasitos encontrados no tecido pulmonar foram coletados individualmente em AFA (Álcool etílico - Formalina - Ácido acético glacial) e formol a 5% para avaliação parasitológica e classificação taxonômica. Amostras de tecido pulmonar de todos os animais, independentemente da ocorrência de lesões macroscópicas, foram fixadas em formol 10% e incluídas em parafina. Secções histológicas coradas por Hematoxilina-Eosina destas amostras foram avaliadas por meio de microscopia óptica. Macroscopicamente, 4 dos 100 animais (4%) apresentaram espécimes de pentastomídeos no parênquima pulmonar. Os parasitos foram classificados taxonomicamente como pertencentes à espécie Sebekia oxycephala. Nenhuma alteração macroscópicas foi observada, porém, microscopicamente, lesões pulmonares foram encontradas em 37% dos casos, sendo que, lesões inflamatórias associadas ao parasitismo corresponderam a 75,6% dos mesmos (28/37). Nestes, segmentos degenerados e ovos de S. oxycephala encontravam-se envolvidos por cápsula de tecido conjuntivo fibroso e infiltrado inflamatório predominantemente composto por células gigantes do tipo corpo estranho. Três espécimes apresentaram espessamento de septos alveolares e sete exemplares continham infiltrado inflamatório granulocítico multifocal no parênquima pulmonar. As lesões associadas ao parasitismo, de modo geral, apresentaram intensidade discreta e parecem não representar uma causa importante de doença pulmonar entre a população estudada. Esta é a primeira descrição de lesões pulmonares em M. niger associadas ao parasitismo por S. oxycephala na Amazônia brasileira.

IA Nääs, MY Miragliotta, MS Baracho

O setor econômico de produção de matrizes pesadas emprega um grande número de pessoas que permanecem cerca de 44 horas semanais dentro tanto das granjas de recria e produção, como nas salas adjacentes à câmara incubatória. O trabalho levantou os dados de níveis de ruídos em um sistema de produção de matrizes pesadas e de ovos férteis, nos galpões de recria do tipo Dark House, e produção de ovos nas salas de vacinação de pintinhos e de acondicionamento de ovos férteis, em dois dias consecutivos, por um período de 8 horas, durante as horas em que os trabalhadores se encontravam dentro dos locais. Os registros de nível de ruídos foram efetuados utilizando-se um equipamento nível sonoro marca Lutron SL 4001. Foram coletados os dados médios de nível normal e de intensidade alta intermitente. Os resultados obtidos mostram que, no galpão de produção e na sala de vacinação de pintinhos, é recomendado o uso de protetores auriculares para que se atenda à legislação vigente brasileira sobre salubridade, com relação a níveis de ruídos.<br>The economical sector of broiler breeder production employs a large number of workers who stay around 44 hours per week within the buildings for both growing and production, as well as the areas surrounding the incubator chamber. This research evaluated the sound level in the broiler breeder production system , in the Dark House and in the egg production housing, in the chickling vaccination room and inside the room where the fertile eggs are conditioned for both transportation or to go inside the incubator chamber. The trial took place during two consecutive days, during 8 hours while the workers where in side the buildings. The level of noise was registered using the sound level equipment Lutron SL 4001. The results showed that inside the egg production housing, as well as the room where the vaccination of chickling takes place, there are levels of critical values where ear protection is needed in order to attend the current Brazilian legislation.

JS Flemming, JRS Freitas, P Fontoura et al.

A study with 2,400 broilers was carried out to compare the effect of the use of mannanoligosaccharides, Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall or growth promoter (Olaquindox) in the diet on broiler. Diets were based on corn and soybean meal. A completely randomized experimental design was used, and the obtained data were evaluated by analysis of variance and test of Tukey at a level of 5%. The following parameters were measured: feed intake, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and mortality. It was concluded that the effect of the inclusion of mannanoligosaccharides in the diet on the studied parameters was significantly higher as compared to the inclusion of cell wall or to the control diet, but the effect was not different as compared to the inclusion of growth promoter.