Hasil untuk "American literature"

Charles C. Elton

Kate Scarth

This celebratory essay honours 150 years since the birth of L.M. Montgomery in 1874 by considering the intersection of celebration and story. In Montgomery's work, celebration and story are rooted in place, are experienced by budding writers, and relate to birth, that very first of birthdays.

Kate Follette, Carl Ferkinhoff, Michael Foley et al.

In this document we summarize the results of a survey of undergraduate degree-granting programs conducted by the 2024-2025 American Astronomical Society Education Committee's Subcommittee on UndeRgraduate and Graduate Education (SURGE). Individuals from 78 institutions completed the survey, representing approximately 1000 majors annually and a majority of undergraduate Astronomy and Astrophysics degree-granting institutions. Information collected from participants include: degree names, degree types, course requirements, elective course options, and learning goals. Our report presents 9 key findings and 10 recommendations, and these are summarized in the preamble to the report. The recommendations are directed primarily to degree-granting departments and the American Astronomical Society, as the principal relevant professional organization, though we earnestly invite all members of the Astronomy and Astrophysics community to contribute to a broader discussion about these findings and recommendations. Appendix A of the report contains detailed descriptions of survey data analyses. Appendices B and C contain recommended undergraduate course requirements and learning goals, respectively. Our survey results show clearly that there is not currently community consensus about what knowledge and competencies an undergraduate Astronomy or Astrophysics degree should instill. This lack of cohesion is a problem for our community, as it dilutes the significance and interpretability of the credential for employers and graduate schools. We view this report as just the beginning of an important dialog, and we look forward to engaging with the Astronomy and Astrophysics community about our findings and recommendations through our feedback form at bit.ly/49c4FYb.

Zeyu Wang, Ruotong Yu, Xiangyang Wang et al.

A smart ring is a wearable electronic device in the form of a ring that incorporates diverse sensors and computing technologies to perform a variety of functions. Designed for use with fingers, smart rings are capable of sensing more subtle and abundant hand movements, thus making them a good platform for interaction. Meanwhile, fingers are abundant with blood vessels and nerve endings and accustomed to wearing rings, providing an ideal site for continuous health monitoring through smart rings, which combine comfort with the ability to capture vital biometric data, making them suitable for all-day wear. We collected in total of 206 smart ring-related publications and conducted a systematic literature review. We provide a taxonomy regarding the sensing and feedback modalities, applications, and phenomena. We review and categorize these literatures into four main areas: (1) interaction - input, (2) interaction - output, (3) passive sensing - in body feature, (4) passive sensing - out body activity. This comprehensive review highlights the current advancements within the field of smart ring and identifies potential areas for future research.

Arash Yadegari Ghahderijani, Hande Naz Turgay, Dimka Karastoyanova

Context: Change mining enables organizations to understand the changes that occurred in their business processes. This allows them to enhance their business processes and adapt to dynamic environments. Therefore, change mining is becoming a topic of interest for researchers, scholars, and practitioners. Objective: Motivated by the goal of establishing the state of the art in this area, this paper aims to investigate the literature in change logging and mining in process-aware information systems, provide an overview of the methods that are used in the existing publications, and identify gaps in the research on the topic of logging and mining process changes. Method: A literature review is conducted with the objective to identify and define methods to mine, store, and record changes in business processes. From 1136 publications, we selected 6 papers related to changes in business process and extended the list to 9 papers by including the relevant articles referenced by the papers that we selected originally. Results: In answer of our research questions, we have identified two classes of change mining methods, two ways of recording the changes into change logs, five formats for change log representation, and four objectives to be learned from changes. Conclusion: The literature review provides a summary of existing change mining and logging methods in process-aware information systems and identifies a number of research gaps in the area.

Mansi Garg, Lee-Chi Wang, Bhavesh Ghanchi et al.

This work presents a Biomedical Literature Question Answering (Q&A) system based on a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) architecture, designed to improve access to accurate, evidence-based medical information. Addressing the shortcomings of conventional health search engines and the lag in public access to biomedical research, the system integrates diverse sources, including PubMed articles, curated Q&A datasets, and medical encyclopedias ,to retrieve relevant information and generate concise, context-aware responses. The retrieval pipeline uses MiniLM-based semantic embeddings and FAISS vector search, while answer generation is performed by a fine-tuned Mistral-7B-v0.3 language model optimized using QLoRA for efficient, low-resource training. The system supports both general medical queries and domain-specific tasks, with a focused evaluation on breast cancer literature demonstrating the value of domain-aligned retrieval. Empirical results, measured using BERTScore (F1), show substantial improvements in factual consistency and semantic relevance compared to baseline models. The findings underscore the potential of RAG-enhanced language models to bridge the gap between complex biomedical literature and accessible public health knowledge, paving the way for future work on multilingual adaptation, privacy-preserving inference, and personalized medical AI systems.

Gregory Hok Tjoan Go, Khang Ly, Anders Søgaard et al.

The rapid growth of scientific publications has made it increasingly difficult to keep literature reviews comprehensive and up-to-date. Though prior work has focused on automating retrieval and screening, the writing phase of systematic reviews remains largely under-explored, especially with regard to readability and factual accuracy. To address this, we present LiRA (Literature Review Agents), a multi-agent collaborative workflow which emulates the human literature review process. LiRA utilizes specialized agents for content outlining, subsection writing, editing, and reviewing, producing cohesive and comprehensive review articles. Evaluated on SciReviewGen and a proprietary ScienceDirect dataset, LiRA outperforms current baselines such as AutoSurvey and MASS-Survey in writing and citation quality, while maintaining competitive similarity to human-written reviews. We further evaluate LiRA in real-world scenarios using document retrieval and assess its robustness to reviewer model variation. Our findings highlight the potential of agentic LLM workflows, even without domain-specific tuning, to improve the reliability and usability of automated scientific writing.

Manuela Crivelli

In this review, I offer a critical summary of Adriana López-Labourdette's recent monograph El retorno del monstruo. Figuraciones de lo monstruoso en la literatura latinoamericana contemporánea. As emerges from a first reading of the title, the volume deals with the appearance of monstrous figurations in the recent Latin American literary field. In addition to illustrating the main aspects addressed in the book, this review aims to demonstrate the relevance of such a study in the field of monster studies, both in the Latin American field and in literature in general. In particular, in addition to offering a complex theoretical apparatus and an exhaustive survey of the literature related to the theme of the monster, the author also provides numerous new insights through which to read and interpret the monstrous figurations that haunt contemporary literature.

Anirudh Ajith, Mengzhou Xia, Alexis Chevalier et al.

Literature search questions, such as "Where can I find research on the evaluation of consistency in generated summaries?" pose significant challenges for modern search engines and retrieval systems. These questions often require a deep understanding of research concepts and the ability to reason across entire articles. In this work, we introduce LitSearch, a retrieval benchmark comprising 597 realistic literature search queries about recent ML and NLP papers. LitSearch is constructed using a combination of (1) questions generated by GPT-4 based on paragraphs containing inline citations from research papers and (2) questions manually written by authors about their recently published papers. All LitSearch questions were manually examined or edited by experts to ensure high quality. We extensively benchmark state-of-the-art retrieval models and also evaluate two LLM-based reranking pipelines. We find a significant performance gap between BM25 and state-of-the-art dense retrievers, with a 24.8% absolute difference in recall@5. The LLM-based reranking strategies further improve the best-performing dense retriever by 4.4%. Additionally, commercial search engines and research tools like Google Search perform poorly on LitSearch, lagging behind the best dense retriever by up to 32 recall points. Taken together, these results show that LitSearch is an informative new testbed for retrieval systems while catering to a real-world use case.

Ziqing Guo

Biomedical literature is a rapidly expanding field of science and technology. Classification of biomedical texts is an essential part of biomedicine research, especially in the field of biology. This work proposes the fine-tuned DistilBERT, a methodology-specific, pre-trained generative classification language model for mining biomedicine texts. The model has proven its effectiveness in linguistic understanding capabilities and has reduced the size of BERT models by 40\% but by 60\% faster. The main objective of this project is to improve the model and assess the performance of the model compared to the non-fine-tuned model. We used DistilBert as a support model and pre-trained on a corpus of 32,000 abstracts and complete text articles; our results were impressive and surpassed those of traditional literature classification methods by using RNN or LSTM. Our aim is to integrate this highly specialised and specific model into different research industries.

Rene Aquarius, Floris Schoeters, Nick Wise et al.

Introduction: Thorough maintenance of the scientific record is needed to ensure the trustworthiness of its content. This can be undermined by a stealth correction, which is at least one post-publication change made to a scientific article, without providing a correction note or any other indicator that the publication was temporarily or permanently altered. In this paper we provide several examples of stealth corrections in order to demonstrate that these exist within the scientific literature. As far as we are aware, no documentation of such stealth corrections was previously reported in the scientific literature. Methods: We identified stealth corrections ourselves, or found already reported ones on the public database pubpeer.com or through social media accounts of known science sleuths. Results: In total we report 131 articles that were affected by stealth corrections and were published between 2005 and 2024. These stealth corrections were found among multiple publishers and scientific fields. Conclusion: and recommendations Stealth corrections exist in the scientific literature. This needs to end immediately as it threatens scientific integrity. We recommend the following: 1) Tracking all changes to the published record by all publishers in an open, uniform and transparent manner, preferably by online submission systems that log every change publicly, making stealth corrections impossible; 2) Clear definitions and guidelines on all types of corrections; 3) Support sustained vigilance of the scientific community to publicly register stealth corrections.

Fabian Beck

Citations allow quickly identifying related research. If multiple publications are selected as seeds, specific suggestions for related literature can be made based on the number of incoming and outgoing citation links to this selection. Interactively adding recommended publications to the selection refines the next suggestion and incrementally builds a relevant collection of publications. Following this approach, the paper presents a search and foraging approach, PUREsuggest, which combines citation-based suggestions with augmented visualizations of the citation network. The focus and novelty of the approach is, first, the transparency of how the rankings are explained visually and, second, that the process can be steered through user-defined keywords, which reflect topics of interests. The system can be used to build new literature collections, to update and assess existing ones, as well as to use the collected literature for identifying relevant experts in the field. We evaluated the recommendation approach through simulated sessions and performed a user study investigating search strategies and usage patterns supported by the interface.

Pilar Mur, Julen Viana-Errasti, Sandra García-Mulero et al.

Abstract Background Germline variants affecting the proofreading activity of polymerases epsilon and delta cause a hereditary cancer and adenomatous polyposis syndrome characterized by tumors with a high mutational burden and a specific mutational spectrum. In addition to the implementation of multiple pieces of evidence for the classification of gene variants, POLE and POLD1 variant classification is particularly challenging given that non-disruptive variants affecting the proofreading activity of the corresponding polymerase are the ones associated with cancer. In response to an evident need in the field, we have developed gene-specific variant classification recommendations, based on the ACMG/AMP (American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology) criteria, for the assessment of non-disruptive variants located in the sequence coding for the exonuclease domain of the polymerases. Methods A training set of 23 variants considered pathogenic or benign was used to define the usability and strength of the ACMG/AMP criteria. Population frequencies, computational predictions, co-segregation data, phenotypic and tumor data, and functional results, among other features, were considered. Results Gene-specific variant classification recommendations for non-disruptive variants located in the exonuclease domain of POLE and POLD1 were defined. The resulting recommendations were applied to 128 exonuclease domain variants reported in the literature and/or public databases. A total of 17 variants were classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic, and 17 as benign or likely benign. Conclusions Our recommendations, with room for improvement in the coming years as more information become available on carrier families, tumor molecular characteristics and functional assays, are intended to serve the clinical and scientific communities and help improve diagnostic performance, avoiding variant misclassifications.

Sarah Mallah

This article examines the famous 1993 novel The Giver, by American author Lois Lowry, and the controversies surrounding the novel’s themes deemed disturbing for young readers. It offers a brief review of the text and outlines its conflicted reception as understood through the framework of the socio-political systems of the United States at the end of the 20th century. The article continues by examining Lowry’s strategic postures and positioning in the face of censorship and success, as well as the cultural mechanisms in play at the time, to explain the work’s enduring popularity. Through this lens, the article examines the interplay between authorial identity in young adult literature and media culture during the 1990s and 2000s.

James D Kiper, Simon Sultana, Brent Auernheimer et al.

Software engineering (SE) evolves rapidly, with changing technology and industry expectations. The curriculum review bodies (e.g., ACM and IEEE-CS working groups) respond well but can have refresh cycles measured in years. For Computer Science and SE educators to be agile, predictive, and adapt to changing technology trends, judicious use of gray literature (GL) can be helpful. Other fields have found GL useful in bridging academic research and industry needs. GL can be extended to SE to aid faculty preparing students for industry. We address two questions: first, given the velocity of technical change, do current curricular guidelines accurately reflect industry practice and need for our graduates? Second, how can we track current and emerging trends to capture relevant competencies? We argue a study of the scholarly literature will have a limited impact on our understanding of current and emerging trends and curriculum designers would do well to utilize GL. We close with recommendations for SE educators.

Christos-Nikolaos Anagnostopoulos

This paper aims at a brief overview of the main impact of ChatGTP in the scientific field of programming and learning/education in computer science. It lists, covers and documents from the literature the major issues that have been identified for this topic, such as applications, advantages and limitations, ethical issues raised. Answers to the above questions were solicited from ChatGPT itself, the responses were collected, and then the recent literature was surveyed to determine whether or not the responses are supported. The paper ends with a short discussion on what is expected to happen in the near future. A future that can be extremely promising if humanity manages to have AI as a proper ally and partner, with distinct roles and specific rules of cooperation and interaction.

Firman Parlindungan, Adrian Rodgers

In this article, we examine what texts were selected for use by a middle school language arts teacher working in an American Islamic school. The literature has found that schools play an important role in supporting immigrant students to navigate a new culture, especially by selecting and providing appropriate texts for learning. Since students’ interaction with texts can mediate knowledge and identity construction, what cultural information and whose culture is embedded in the texts matter for language learning. As such, we wondered what texts a teacher would use to bridge the minority culture of the students with the majority culture in which the students lived. One teacher’s language arts class with 20 students at one American Islamic school was observed for one academic quarter and then described using a case study method. We qualitatively analyzed classroom observations, field notes, teacher interviews, and teacher and student work samples. We found that the teacher was able to use both academic texts, virtual texts, and teacher-created documents to explore some of the issues that the students face on a daily basis. This study further adds to the existing knowledge that culturally relevant texts may mediate students’ understanding of the larger socio-historical contexts in which they reside including a chance to develop language skills necessary for communication and learning.

Denise Dillon

In Western thought and literature, a terrestrial bias is considered a phenomenological primacy for notions such as wilderness. This ecocritical review draws on nineteenth-century South Seas literature with its influences from frontierism and the literary movements of romanticism, realism and naturism to consider a more fluid appreciation and reconceptualisation of wilderness as non-terrestrial and an oceanic touchstone for freedom. American terrestrial frontierism, that drove colonial settlement of the North American continent, is used as both counterpoint and important embarkation point for ventures into the Pacific Ocean following ‘fulfilment’ of the ‘manifest destiny’ to overspread the continent. For American, British and Australian writers, the Pacific represented an opportunity to apply literary techniques to capture new encounters. South Seas works by Melville, Stevenson, Becke and Conrad offer glimpses of seascapes that provide perceptions of heterotopias, archetypes and depictions of dispossessed itinerants at a moral frontier and wilderness that is both sublime and liberating, liminal and phenomenological.  

Ashish Rajendra Sai, Harald Vranken

There is a growing interest in understanding the energy and environmental footprint of digital currencies, specifically in cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum. These cryptocurrencies are operated by a geographically distributed network of computing nodes, making it hard to accurately estimate their energy consumption. Existing studies, both in academia and industry, attempt to model the cryptocurrencies energy consumption often based on a number of assumptions for instance about the hardware in use or geographic distribution of the computing nodes. A number of these studies has already been widely criticized for their design choices and subsequent over or under-estimation of the energy use. In this study, we evaluate the reliability of prior models and estimates by leveraging existing scientific literature from fields cognizant of blockchain such as social energy sciences and information systems. We first design a quality assessment framework based on existing research, we then conduct a systematic literature review examining scientific and non-academic literature demonstrating common issues and potential avenues of addressing these issues. Our goal with this article is to to advance the field by promoting scientific rigor in studies focusing on Blockchain's energy footprint. To that end, we provide a novel set of codes of conduct for the five most widely used research methodologies: quantitative energy modeling, literature reviews, data analysis \& statistics, case studies, and experiments. We envision that these codes of conduct would assist in standardizing the design and assessment of studies focusing on blockchain-based systems' energy and environmental footprint.

Giorgia Minello, Carlo R. M. A. Santagiustina, Massimo Warglien

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the scientific literature related to SARS-COV-2 has been growing dramatically, both in terms of the number of publications and of its impact on people's life. This literature encompasses a varied set of sensible topics, ranging from vaccination, to protective equipment efficacy, to lockdown policy evaluation. Up to now, hundreds of thousands of papers have been uploaded on online repositories and published in scientific journals. As a result, the development of digital methods that allow an in-depth exploration of this growing literature has become a relevant issue, both to identify the topical trends of COVID-related research and to zoom-in its sub-themes. This work proposes a novel methodology, called LDA2Net, which combines topic modelling and network analysis to investigate topics under their surface. Specifically, LDA2Net exploits the frequencies of pairs of consecutive words to reconstruct the network structure of topics discussed in the Cord-19 corpus. The results suggest that the effectiveness of topic models can be magnified by enriching them with word network representations, and by using the latter to display, analyse, and explore COVID-related topics at different levels of granularity.