This study proposes a decision-making model based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) for agricultural financial transactions, addressing core challenges such as significant data noise, strong time-series dependence, and limited strategy adaptability. We developed a multifactor dynamic denoising framework by integrating the Grubbs test for outlier detection and the median absolute deviation (MAD) method for noise handling. This framework categorizes agricultural financial indicators into six feature types, significantly enhancing robustness against data noise and improving model reliability. Furthermore, an long short-term memory (LSTM)-enhanced DRL architecture is employed, incorporating a sliding window mechanism to capture market timing features. This framework constructs a transaction cost-based reward function. It establishes an intelligent trading decision model based on the LSTM algorithm and the data query language (DQL). Experimental results demonstrate an annualized return of 45.12% and a 35% reduction in maximum retracement for Deere & Company and BAYN.DE. The Sharpe ratio reaches 1.51, reflecting a 62% improvement over the benchmark model. The results validate the robustness of the proposed decision-making model in the face of price fluctuations and policy interventions. This model addresses critical bottlenecks in the application of DRL in agricultural finance, facilitating the transition of agricultural economic management from empirical judgment to data-driven approaches. Through three key innovations—data denoising, time-series modeling, and domain adaptation—it provides a vital decision-support tool for advancing smart agriculture.
Aris Chris Papageorgopoulos, Dimitrios Vlachos, Mattheos Kamaratos
The behavior of S and Cs during the alternate adsorption of each adsorbate on the Ni(100) surface is studied at room and elevated temperatures by means of low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) and work function (WF) measurements. For Cs deposition on the S-covered Ni(100) surface, the presence of sulfur increases the binding energy and the maximum amount of adsorbed cesium, as happens with other alkalis too. The first Cs overlayer is disordered, while the second strongly interacts with S with a tendency toward a CsxSy surface compound formation. This interaction causes the gradual demetallization of the Cs overlayer with the increasing S coverage in the underlayer. When the CsxSy stoicheometry is complete, however, subsequent Cs deposition forms an independent rather metallic overlayer. When the sulfated covers the surface, S(0.5ML)/Ni(100) is preheated to 1100 K, the S-Ni bond strengthens and S-Cs interaction correspondingly weakens to a degree that the S underlayer retains a periodic structure on the Ni substrate. This behavior indicates that the preheated S/Ni(100) surface is passivated to a degree against Cs with reduced mobility of sulfur adatoms. Differently, when S is adsorbed on the Cs-covered Ni(100) surface at room temperature, sulfur adatoms diffuse underneath the Cs overlayer to interact with the nickel substrate and form the same structural phases as on a clean surface. During that process, the sticking coefficient of sulfur remains constant regardless of the amount of pre-deposited cesium. The presence of Cs, however, increases the amount of S that can be deposited on the Ni substrate, probably in favor of the CsxSy compound formation, which demetallizes the surface independent of the sequence of adsorption.
Abstract During a systematic study on formation conditions of new compounds with zemannite-type structures, crystals of ten new oxidotellurate(IV) phases were grown under hydrothermal conditions, partially with a drastic reduction of the water content. The crystal structures of the obtained phases were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Na2[Ni2(TeO3)3]·2.5H2O, K2[Ni2(TeO3)3]·H2O, K2[Zn2(TeO3)3]·2H2O, Rb1.25[Co2(TeO3)3]·1.5H2O and Rb1.24[Mn2(TeO3)3]·2H2O exhibit a unit-cell with hexagonal symmetry (Z = 2, a ≈ 9.3 Å, c ≈ 7.7 Å), in which most of the other compounds with a zemannite-type structure are known to crystallize. Relative to this unit-cell, K2[Cu2(TeO3)3]·2H2O exhibits a twofold superstructure, K2[Co2(TeO3)3]·2.5H2O a twofold superstructure with an additional incommensurate modulation, Na2[Cu2(TeO3)3]·1.5H2O a threefold superstructure, and Rb1.5[Mn2(TeO3)3]·1.25H2O and Cs[Mn2(TeO3)3]·H2O a fourfold superstructure. Disorder of the alkali metal cations and crystal water molecules in the channels as well as variable water contents complicate modelling and structure refinement.
Abstract Objective Based on the specific binding of target with aptamer, a portable aptasensor combined with highly sensitive electrochemical methods was designed to complete the rapid detection of biological toxins Okadaic acid (OA) in shellfish. Results A simple aptasensor based on screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) with modification of chitosan (CS) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was designed for electrochemical determination of OA, and the electrode surface was modified with AuNPs by potential-sweeping electrodeposition, which greatly improved the electrochemical response. The entire detection and characterization process were carried out by cyclic voltammetry (CV) with a linear correlation in the range from 0.01 ng/mL to 100 ng/mL and a LOD of 6.7 pg/mL. Furthermore, a recovery rate of 92.30-115.98% was obtained demonstrating excellent accuracy through the recovery trial of mussel and scallop samples. Conclusion The current method based the change of spatial structure before and after aptamer binding target showed great potential in rapid on-site and low-cost detection of OA for its simplicity.
The infrared absorption frequencies of crystalline Ni(NH3)3CS3, Ni(ND3)3CS3, Zn(NH3)2CS3, and Zn(ND3)2CS3 between 4000 and 300 cm-1 are tabulated. The absorption bands corresponding to the fundamental vibrations are assigned. The positions of the bands are discussed in comparison with spectra of other ammine complexes and of non-complex trithiocarbonates.
Studies have been made of visible radiation from highly stripped 100-144 MeV Fe, Ni and Cu ions excited by transmission through thin carbon foils. All the observed transitions in the region 180-530 nm were identified with hydrogenic transitions of An = 1 or 2, in charge states between 14 and 22. Light intensities observed are proportional to the outgoing beam charge-state distributions. For thin foils « 20 Ilgcm- 2 ) the light output is less than that from beams in charge equilibrium. It is shown that these observations are consistent with a surface excitation mechanism that depends on the prior formation of multiply excited ions in the solid target.
The presence of radioactive nuclides has garnered widespread attention, particularly cesium (Cs), which serves as a common radioactive element that enters water bodies through industrial wastewater, nuclear power plant discharges, and nuclear accidents, posing a serious threat to water source safety and the ecological environment. To effectively remove radioactive components from wastewater, the selection of appropriate adsorbents is crucial. Therefore, this study developed a thiourea-doped Prussian blue magnetic porous Enteromorpha biochar (PB/Fe3O4/MEC) for efficient cesium (Cs+) removal from radioactive wastewater. The adsorbent was synthesized through KOH assisted carbonization, thiourea doping, magnetic modification, and in-situ PB anchoring. PB/Fe3O4/MEC exhibited a high Cs+ adsorption capacity of 37.04 mg/g and a saturation magnetization of 17.93 emu/g, enabling rapid magnetic separation. The modified biochar exhibited a porous structure with increased specific surface area (371.49 m2/g) and abundant sulfur-containing functional groups. The adsorption mechanism of Cs+ by PB/Fe3O4/MEC composite involves a multi-pathway synergistic process, which mainly includes ion exchange and lattice trapping through the cubic lattice of PB, complexation reaction through the surface functional groups of biochar, mesoporous adsorption on the surface of biochar, and Lewis acid-base interaction. This work offers a sustainable strategy for algal biomass valorization and effective treatment of Cs+ contaminated water.
Angelius Chrisantho Marician Sile, Ni Made Wiasti, I Wayan Suardiana
Di'i Dhano is a form of marriage system that follows the mother's lineage in Doka Nikisi'e Village. According to this system, a woman inherits all the property of the family in which she lives. However, this marriage system has begun to shift at this time. Even though the matrilineal structure and customary symbolism glorify women, authority, leadership and and access to knowledge about customs, law, politics and technology are dominated by men. This research aims to reveal the causing factors and the hidden ideology of the shift in the position of women in the matrilineal marriage system in Doka Nikisi'e village. This research applies qualitative methods through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation study. Data obtained is analysed critically by feminist theories, namely nature and nurture, liberal feminism, and psychoanalytic theory. The results of this study indicate that the factors causing the shift in women's position include internal and external factors. The hidden ideologies behind the shift in women's positions include patriarchy, masculinity, and power relations.
 Keywords: Di’i Dhano, ideological, meaning, women’s position
Ida Bagus Suatama, A.A. Ngurah Anom Kumbara, A.A. Bagus Wirawan
et al.
The phenomenon of the hegemony of modernity in the practice treatment of Usada Bali in Denpasar City is interesting to observe. On the one hand, public interest in Usada Bali is still quite high, but also on the other hand modern medical dominance is so strong. Through a postmodernism approach and a qualitative method that relies on the workings of critical theory, its causes, forms, and implications, reveal this phenomenon. The cause of the hegemony of modernity is due to state regulation, the modern and traditional medical dichotomy, the disposition of rationality, and the expansion of material energy. The form of modernity hegemony includes the formalization of medical practices, identity mimesis, praxis of praxis awareness, and commodification of Usada Bali. The implications of the hegemony of modernity includes the strengthening of the existence of Usada Bali, the competition of health services, the reproduction of medical discourse, and the ambivalence of spirituality. This study found that modernity has more power, than traditional values. The discourse of development and empowerment of traditional medicine has not targeted Usada Bali as autonomous knowledge. The violations of sasana balian undoubtedly due to the strong influence of materialism. The existence of Usada Bali is in line with the community’s belief in the etiology of sakala and niskala.
 
 Keywords: Hegemony, Modernity, Practice of Medicine, Usada Bali
Mutria Farhaeni, I Nyoman Suarka, I Nyoman Dhana
et al.
The purpose of this research is to find out the life style in the post-land sale in Kutuh Village, South Kuta District, Badung Regency, Bali. This research begins with an inventory of the people who sell the land and then classified into several lifestyles. The data and information reviewed the lifestyle implications of post-land sales people. This research was conducted by survey and observation method toward the lifestyle of the community after the land sale. Data collection techniques used are in the form of interviews. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the lifestyle implications of society have been found to describe the existence of lifestyle changes: consumptive society, creative economy society, gender equality in the distribution of land sales and modern household pretext, in addition the people are unable to maintain their ancestral heritage.