Hasil untuk "Systems of building construction. Including fireproof construction, concrete construction"

M. Delnavaz, Sina Najari, Seyed Payam Hashemian et al.

This study examines the potential of light‐transmitting concrete to reduce energy consumption in building construction. A series of tests, including compressive strength and light transmittance assessments, were conducted, alongside modeling a residential building using building information modeling software. Light‐transmitting concrete samples were prepared using single‐mode optical fibers, plastic optical fibers, and waste‐tempered glass. The results demonstrated that light‐transmitting concrete with 1% volumetric single‐mode optical fibers achieved a 28‐day compressive strength of 39.2 MPa and 2% light transmission. Light‐transmitting concrete containing 5% volumetric plastic optical fibers also showed 5.88% light transmission and a 28‐day compressive strength of 44.89 MPa. The sample incorporating 14% by weight of broken tempered glass exhibited a compressive strength of 51.1 MPa with 1.15% light transmission. A two‐story residential building (1200 m 2 ) in Tehran was analyzed in the modeling phase, integrating light‐transmitting concrete blocks in a residential building, while solar panels are considered only as a complementary reference for contextual energy and economic evaluation. Energy analysis and return on investment calculations revealed that the optimal setup involved a combination of light‐transmitting concrete, conventional concrete, with an estimated return on investment period of 5.22 years. Finally, an economic analysis is performed to demonstrate how integrating a photovoltaic system can offset the higher initial cost of LTC blocks, reducing the payback period to a feasible range.

A. Yakymenko, I. Snitko, M. Iakymenko

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the architectural and structural characteristics of the Central Department Store building located in the city of Kharkiv, which is recognized as an architectural heritage site of local significance. The building represents an important example of early twentieth-century commercial architecture and reflects the socio-economic and urban development processes that shaped Kharkiv during that period. Particular attention is given to the historical stages of the building’s design and construction, including its original conception, subsequent transformations, and functional adaptations, which collectively demonstrate its lasting importance within the urban and cultural context of the city. The study examines the spatial planning structure of the building, including the organization of trading halls, circulation systems, and auxiliary premises, as well as the compositional principles of the facades. The analysis highlights the structural scheme based on a reinforced concrete frame system, which enabled large-span interiors and flexible planning solutions typical of department stores of that era. Architectural features such as the rhythmic articulation of facades, geometric forms, restrained decorative elements, and extensive glazing are considered in relation to the principles of constructivism, which influenced the building’s stylistic character and determined its rational yet expressive appearance. Special attention is devoted to the building’s role within the historical urban fabric of central Kharkiv, where it contributes to the spatial organization and visual identity of the surrounding area. The research also explores the relationship between architectural form and engineering solutions, demonstrating how structural innovations supported both aesthetic expression and commercial functionality. The article emphasizes the importance of studying architectural heritage in the context of contemporary preservation practices. The analysis is based on archival documents, historical publications, bibliographic sources, and on-site visual inspections, with particular focus on assessing the technical condition of load-bearing elements, floor systems, and facade components under present-day operational and environmental influences. The aim of the study is to analyze the original design solutions and identify the stylistic characteristics that allowed the building to be harmoniously integrated into the historical urban environment. The findings may serve as a theoretical and practical foundation for restoration strategies, adaptive reuse projects, and the sustainable preservation of historically valuable buildings.

Marlon Hilscher, Paul Jübner, E. Ghafoori

A. Pürgstaller, Hannes Fischnaller

This paper presents the BMW body shop construction project in Munich as a case study for the effective application of digital planning, industrialized construction, and precast building methods in large‐scale industrial developments. The article outlines key project details and highlights specific innovations in planning and execution, including the use of advanced 4D Building Information Modeling (BIM), pre‐stressed precast concrete columns, and the transformation of traditionally in‐situ concrete cores into fully prefabricated units. These solutions were tailored to meet complex structural requirements and were supported by integrated digital modeling and precise on‐site coordination. Digital planning and industrialized construction using precast elements contribute significantly to keeping large projects on budget and on schedule, while also increasing overall construction productivity. Accelerated construction timelines and reduced on‐site labor help address growing labor shortages in the industry. Furthermore, component optimization—such as minimizing wall thickness and reinforcement through prefabrication—can support sustainability goals. To fully leverage these benefits, the use of precast systems should be considered from the earliest design phases. However, many structural engineers still rely on conventional in‐situ methods, limiting the adoption of more efficient alternatives. This case underscores the advantages of industrialized construction and demonstrates its practical potential. The findings contribute to both academic discourse and practical implementation, emphasizing the need for broader education, understanding, and innovation in prefabricated building systems.

Hyeong-Ki Kim, Jong-Suk Lee, Hyeon-Woo Lee et al.

Abstract This study investigates the strength development and neutralization depth of high-performance concrete exposed to marine conditions for 7 years on the East coast of South Korea. Blended cements, common in coastal structures, were used. OPC and slag cement showed advantages in strength development, while high-volume fly ash concrete exhibited a disadvantage, especially in external exposure conditions. Despite exposure differences, all mixtures demonstrated a substantial strength increase at 7 years compared to the 28-day period. Models, initially validated for normal-strength concrete, proved effective in predicting long-term behavior. Neutralization depth remained consistent across exposure conditions, with slag cement showing resilience, while fly ash increased depth. Considerations for marine concrete design and construction are discussed.

Williams Dunu, Mike Otieno

Abstract Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) utilized to attenuate steel corrosion or alkali-silica reaction (ASR) damage in concrete have not yet been investigated in the context of the combined action of the deterioration processes. This research examines the impact of fly ash and slag on the combined effect of steel corrosion and ASR on concrete structures. Concrete beams having fine aggregate susceptible to ASR (reactive) and fine aggregate not susceptible to ASR (non-reactive) with 20 mm concrete cover utilizing 100% PC, 50/50 PC/SL, and 70/30 PC/FA binders with a constant w/b ratio of 0.60. After 7 days of water curing and 20 days of air curing, beam specimens were exposed to three-cycle conditions for one week each; the beams were exposed to high humidity of 94 ± 3% in a storage tank at 38 ± 2 °C, wetting (with 5% NaCl) and air-drying cycles in the laboratory for 52 weeks. The specimens were monitored for expansion and corrosion evaluation tests at the completion of each humid exposure and wetting cycle. The results indicate that slag and fly ash in structures containing reactive aggregate exposed to chloride (combined effect) resulted in a higher rate of expansion and corrosion than specimens with non-reactive aggregate (aggregate not susceptible to ASR). Moreover, the 100% PC specimens with reactive aggregate exhibited a higher corrosion rate and expansion than the SCM specimens with reactive aggregate.

Jae-Heun Lee, Sang-Yoon Lee, Du-Ho Lee et al.

Abstract Rebar couplers play a critical role in ensuring the quality and efficiency of construction processes. However, conventional coupling methods are often labor-intensive and prone to inconsistent quality due to human error, highlighting the need for automation and enhanced precision. In this study, a swaged rebar coupler system, specifically optimized for robotic reinforcement splicing in construction environments, was developed and evaluated. Conventional swaging tools require manual assembly of the swaging mold onto the coupler; by contrast, the proposed swaging tool can automatically open and close its swaging mold and apply it to the coupler. The proposed coupler system was designed using a new material and an automated swaging tool. To enhance the efficiency of the swaged coupler system development, a finite element analysis (FEA) framework incorporating both swaging and tensile strength test processes was established. Through finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental validation, the proposed system demonstrated tensile strengths exceeding 600 MPa with no slip occurrences, meeting the requirements of KS D 0249. These findings confirm the reliability and practical applicability of the proposed swaged coupler system, presenting a viable solution for automated rebar connections in robotic construction environments.

Irina F. Zenkova, Vladimir A. Sorokin, Natalya O. Shchegoleva et al.

The article provides an analysis of certain provisions of the program for the prevention of risks of harm (damage) to legally protected values in the implementation of Federal state license controls (supervision) for activities in the field of fire safety for the current year, as well as an overview of the results of generalization of law enforcement practice: final ones for 2023 and preliminary ones for 2024. There are listed the typical violations of mandatory licensing requirements identified in 2024. There are presented additional recommendations to controlled entities on compliance with fire safety requirements when carrying out licensed activities. A conclusion on the advisability of conducting an analysis in terms of changing the number of preventive measures is prepared.

Bini Neupane, Kameshwar Sahani, Shyam Sundar Khadka

Abstract This study focuses on exploring the potential of utilizing demolished concrete and promoting sustainable practices through the use of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) as a substitute for natural aggregates, particularly in the context of Nepal. The region’s susceptibility to frequent earthquakes results in significant volumes of concrete rubble, posing challenges in waste disposal. To address this issue and mitigate resource depletion, the research focuses on concrete recycling. By conducting a thorough analysis of mechanical properties, crack patterns, strength variations, and specific gravity evaluations across different RCA compositions, the study emphasizes the ongoing endeavors toward sustainable concrete practices. A comparative examination of test results involving varying percentages of coarse recycled aggregate content (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) denoted as R0, R25, R50, R75 and R100, respectively, provides insights into the performance of different mixes. The compressive strength of cube for R25 increased by 20.13%, while R50 and R75 showed gains of 8.08% and 1.28%, respectively, while cylinder showed an increase of 25.86%, 18.88%, 9.54% and 2.65% for R25, R50, R75 and R100, respectively, compared to R0 concrete mix when tested at 28 days of curing. Tensile strength of concrete cylinder also improved, with R25 showing an 18.52% increase and R50 showing a 9.26% increase. Additionally, the RCA increased the flexural strength, with R25 leading with a 5% increase and R50 following with a 1.66% increase at 28 days of testing. The inclusion of numerical analysis in ABAQUS CAE using the Kent and Park Model serves to reinforce and support the experimental findings, establishing the credibility of both approaches. In essence, the study strongly advocates for the integration of recycled aggregate in concrete as a means to foster sustainable development and environmentally friendly construction methods.

Yuan Fang, Lijie Qiao, Tao Hu et al.

Abstract As a common industrial solid waste, iron ore tailing sand (IOTS) has a large amount of storage, and the treatment efficiency is unsatisfactory. Scientific and reasonable incorporation of IOTS waste into concrete is one of the critical ways to realize bulk utilization and sustainable development. This paper first summarizes the basic material characteristics of IOTS, and the similarities and differences between IOTS and natural sand (NS) are compared and analyzed. Followed with a presentation of research findings on properties of IOTS concrete with respect to mix ratio, workability, mechanical properties, drying shrinkage and durability. Subsequently, the mechanical behaviors of IOTS concrete members are analyzed and summarized in terms of experimental research, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Eventually, the future research directions of material and component levels of IOTS concrete are reasonably prospected. These conclusions may inform the sustainable technical application of IOTS in concrete.

Yuebing Li, Qushenglin Song, Hang Wang et al.

Abstract Seismic disaster investigations worldwide have revealed that a large number of reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures have been damaged or even collapsed. However, most of these buildings exhibit minor or moderate damage and can be repaired and strengthened. “Strong columns and weak beams, strong joints and weak components” is the concept of seismic design of buildings, and the failure of beam–column joints and columns is considered nonideal. For RC frame structures with damaged joints and columns, a method for repairing and strengthening damaged frames by installing H-shaped steel and pouring grout is proposed. By applying a pseudo static load, a frame structure specimen was damaged to simulate earthquake damage. After removing the crushed concrete, the damaged frame was repaired by pouring grout. Then, the structure was further strengthened by installing H-shaped steel on the columns using post-installed anchors. Through loading tests, seismic indices such as strength, deformation capacity, energy dissipation and failure mode of the frame before and after strengthening were compared. The results showed that the seismic performance of the repaired and strengthened frames exceeded that of the original frame, and the failure mode of the frame changed from joint shear and column-end bending to ideal beam-end yielding. Installing H-shaped steel and pouring grout could effectively strengthen the damaged frame, which provides a solution for repairing and upgrading damaged RC framed structures with a nonideal failure mode.

Ahmed Yahia, Magdy Tayel, Khalid Heiza et al.

Abstract This study investigates the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete walls through the testing of eight large-scale cantilever structural wall (CSW) specimens, categorized into two groups with varying steel reinforcement configurations and aspect ratios. The specimens underwent monotonically increasing lateral loading until failure. Key test parameters included the addition of vertical steel reinforcement in boundary elements, vertical steel reinforcement in boundary elements with steel mesh near the foundation, and the incorporation of diagonal embedded columns. A control specimen, reinforced with traditional methods, was also examined. The results demonstrate that different steel reinforcement configurations led to significant increases in both cracking loads (8.3% to 72.86%) and peak loads (5.27% to 54.51%). Notably, specimens reinforced with vertical reinforcement in boundary elements, along with diagonal mesh near the foundation, exhibited the highest peak load increases of 52.71% and 54.51% for aspect ratios of 1.5 and 2.0, respectively. Moreover, the use of vertical steel reinforcement in boundary elements resulted in substantially higher ductility, with increases of 128% and 41.7% for aspect ratios of 1.5 and 2.0, respectively. The study concluded by employing nonlinear 3D finite element analysis in the ABAQUS program to predict the behavior of reinforced concrete shear wall test specimens subjected to a combination of axial and lateral forces, achieving predictions of acceptable accuracy. This research contributes valuable insights to the understanding of reinforced concrete wall behavior, with potential implications for structural design and engineering applications.

Irina F. Zenkova

This article provides an overview of the provisions within the tax legislation, the application of which under the simplified taxation system can reduce the final costs for license applicants and licensees in ensuring compliance with licensing requirements. The work also addresses issues related to the accounting of educational expenses for an individual entrepreneur who is a license applicant or licensee. The provisions of a draft federal law concerning amendments to the state duty amounts are presented.

G. Khan, Malak Al Riyami

Precast construction is a cutting-edge building technique that boosts efficiency, quality, and sustainability by using prefabricated concrete components made in controlled settings. This method cuts down on on-site labor, reduces waste, and speeds up construction timelines, making it a fantastic choice for residential, commercial, and infrastructure projects. A key element of precast construction is the use of effective connection systems that ensure the assembled parts are structurally sound and stable. This study dives into the principles, benefits, and challenges of precast construction, with a focus on different types of connections, such as beam-to-column, column-to-column, and panel-to-panel joints. Each of these connections methods is crucial for distributing loads, maintaining structural stability, and meeting safety standards. The paper compares various joint techniques, looking at both wet and dry connections, and discusses their suitability for different construction scenarios. It also highlights important components like reinforcement bars, steel plates, bolts, grout, and mechanical fasteners, all of which enhance the strength and durability of precast connections. Additionally, the analysis reviews international codes and standards that govern precast connections, including BS 8110, IS 15916, AS 3600, and Eurocode 8, stressing their role in promoting safe and efficient design practices. The study also addresses challenges like transportation, installation tolerances, seismic performance, and fire resistance, providing insights into best practices for tackling these issues. In summary, this study emphasizes the importance of precast construction in today’s architecture and building engineering. By incorporating advanced connection methods and following regulatory standards, precast construction is evolving into a dependable, cost-effective, and sustainable way to create resilient structures.

Behnam Mobaraki, Abdollah Mobaraki, Mojdeh Nikoofam et al.

This paper explores the use of wireless open-source sensor technology to monitor concrete and environmental parameters in energy-efficient, resilient, and sustainable construction. Accurate monitoring of structural and environmental conditions is essential to optimize building performance. The proposed system employs low-cost, wireless sensors with NodeMCU ESP8266 WiFi modules to gather real-time data on concrete properties, including temperature and humidity, during the casting and curing stages, along with other environmental factors affecting the structure. By integrating open-source technology, the system provides a cost-effective solution for continuous monitoring, enabling early detection of issues such as material degradation or energy inefficiencies. This paper discusses the design, implementation, and benefits of the system, highlighting its role in improving building durability and reducing environmental impact. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in supporting sustainable construction practices and enhancing building resilience.

Ming-Xiang Xiong, Zihan Deng, Shenchun Xu

Ash Ahmed, Aron Teji, Kan Zhou et al.

Concrete, a ubiquitous material in modern construction, faces several fundamental issues, including the cement industry’s 8-10% anthropogenic CO2 emissions (CO2e), that can compromise its sustainability. Therefore, this paper explores novel material combinations of lower carbon binders. Performance issues considered were: volumetric stability; durability; characteristic strengths; environmental impacts; workability; and placement. To address these issues, innovative material combinations of Natural Hydraulic Lime (NHL) and Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS) are suggested as promising alternatives to traditional cements. Recent changes to BS8500 have allowed for further ternary systems that use GGBS and calcium carbonate thereby giving increased importance to both as ingredients. Combining NHL5 and GGBS can enhance the sustainability of concrete by reducing CO2e, improving resistance to chemical attacks, and maintain overall structural integrity, whilst preserving desirable workability and aesthetic qualities. This research shows the peak mass replacement range of NHL and GGBS in the binary cementitious system at conventional concrete mix ratios, building upon and filling some of the empirical and data gaps. GGBS was used because of its low CO2e, direct cementitious qualities, and to reduce industrial waste. The NHL5 content in concrete was replaced at 10% and 20% increments up to 100% GGBS in concrete to assess the physical properties and mechanical performance. Analysis of compressive and flexural strengths at varying curing ages of 7,14, 28, 91 and 180 days, were conducted for the standard mix ratios of 1:1:2, 1:1:3, 2:1(1:2) and 2:1(2:1). Two curing conditions were examined at 91 days of curing, being submerged in water and in ambient conditions. Increased mechanical performance was produced using a 1:1:3 mix ratio, with the optimum replacement values occurring between 40-60% replacement for all ratios, with the optimal replacement value at 48% and carbon intensity point at 32%, representing the peak mass replacement range and points thus providing evidence and supporting the assertions made from thermodynamic models. The highest compressive and flexural strengths achieved at 31MPa and 2.0MPa by 1:1:3, water cured 40/60, and air cured 60/40, NHL/GGBS samples respectively, being significant gains in strength when compared to either the pure NHL or GGBS binder control concrete samples.

Ghulam Akbar, Sadaqat Hayyat, Muhammad Bilal et al.

Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) represents a new era in construction materials, offering exceptional mechanical strength, durability, and sustainability. This research investigates the performance and potential of UHPC through its material composition, durability characteristics, mechanical behavior, and structural applications. UHPC mixtures incorporating supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and fibers demonstrated superior microstructural uniformity and remarkable resistance to environmental degradation such as chloride attack, freeze thaw cycles, and corrosion. Applications in bridges, high-rise buildings, and precast systems confirm UHPC’s ability to achieve lightweight, slender, and aesthetically refined structures with extended service life. Mechanical evaluation revealed compressive strengths exceeding 150 MPa and enhanced ductility due to optimized fiber reinforcement. However, the study identifies challenges including high production costs, lack of standardized design codes, and complex curing requirements. Overall, this research highlights UHPC as a sustainable and resilient construction material capable of transforming future infrastructure. Continued innovation in eco-friendly mix design, cost reduction, and nanotechnology integration will be essential to enable UHPC’s widespread adoption in the construction industry.

Ali. Rafiee, E. Bazarchi, A. Davaran et al.

Multi‐storey modular buildings, constructed from prefabricated steel modules, are gaining popularity due to their efficiency, cost‐effectiveness, and reduced construction time. However, their seismic performance and stability remain key areas of research. While reinforced concrete shear walls are commonly used as seismic force‐resisting systems (SFRS), this study investigates the feasibility of using concentrically braced frames (CBF) as an alternative. Although CBF effectively resists lateral loads, they are susceptible to soft‐storey collapse under seismic excitation. This paper examines the lateral behaviour of two 12‐storey modular buildings, where steel modules serve as the gravity force‐resisting system (GFRS), and either CBF or reinforced concrete shear wall acts as the SFRS. Nonlinear finite element pushover analyses are conducted using OpenSees to evaluate key performance metrics, including global behaviour, inter‐storey drift, and shear distribution between the GFRS and SFRS. The findings highlight the potential for efficiently using CBF in multi‐storey modular steel structures while providing deeper insights into the seismic force distribution between the GFRS and SFRS. Notably, results indicate that the GFRS can carry a significant portion of seismic forces, particularly in the upper stories.

Nicole Aldrhine G. Agbayani, Kim Carlo A. Lat

Over the last few years, there has been an increase in the demand for low-cost housing. As the demand for low-cost housing and construction grows, an innovative building solution has become essential. In recent years, many developers have experimented with technologies that can reduce overall construction costs, making housing more affordable for those who are less fortunate. The study's goal is to increase the use of Plaswall and provide more information about it so that it is known by more people. Two tests were performed on the Plaswall and Concrete Hollow block to compare and prove their durability and efficiency. This paper will investigate the affordable housing produced by an innovative system and present various studies demonstrating how efficient the Plaswall panel system is in comparison to traditional construction. The information gathered came from a variety of sources, including websites, studies, and experiments.