Hasil untuk "Special types of environment"

N. Luhmann

N. Dilek, A. Papapetropoulos, T. Toliver-Kinsky et al.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is now recognized as an endogenous signaling gasotransmitter in mammals. It is produced by mammalian cells and tissues by various enzymes - predominantly cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) - but part of the H2S is produced by the intestinal microbiota (colonic H2S-producing bacteria). Here we summarize the available information on the production and functional role of H2S in the various cell types typically associated with innate immunity (neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils) and adaptive immunity (T and B lymphocytes) under normal conditions and as it relates to the development of various inflammatory and immune diseases. Special attention is paid to the physiological and the pathophysiological aspects of the oral cavity and the colon, where the immune cells and the parenchymal cells are exposed to a special "H2S environment" due to bacterial H2S production. H2S has many cellular and molecular targets. Immune cells are "surrounded" by a "cloud" of H2S, as a result of endogenous H2S production and exogenous production from the surrounding parenchymal cells, which, in turn, importantly regulates their viability and function. Downregulation of endogenous H2S producing enzymes in various diseases, or genetic defects in H2S biosynthetic enzyme systems either lead to the development of spontaneous autoimmune disease or accelerate the onset and worsen the severity of various immune-mediated diseases (e.g. autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis or asthma). Low, regulated amounts of H2S, when therapeutically delivered by small molecule donors, improve the function of various immune cells, and protect them against dysfunction induced by various noxious stimuli (e.g. reactive oxygen species or oxidized LDL). These effects of H2S contribute to the maintenance of immune functions, can stimulate antimicrobial defenses and can exert anti-inflammatory therapeutic effects in various diseases.

KONG Wei-na, LEI Wen-tao, XU Jiang-yu, XIONG Zheng-wei

[Objective] The Yangtze River is the most important east-west axis for the development of territorial space and provides a foundation for urban agglomeration planning, industrial development, and transportation in Jiangsu Province. Implementing protection and utilization planning of the Yangtze River shoreline is a practical measure to promote the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and to support integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta. Given the high intensity and complexity of Yangtze River shoreline utilization in Jiangsu Province, this study conducts an implementation evaluation of protection and utilization planning in Jiangyin City. [Methods] From different perspectives such as shoreline utilization project types, shoreline functional zones, and the “production-living-ecological” utilization types, the status of shoreline utilization in Jiangyin City was reviewed and analyzed for the base year (2018) and the recent level year (2025). Changes, characteristics, and key problems of shoreline utilization were identified, and the phased planning outcomes and their implementation under protection and utilization planning were evaluated for the recent level year. [Results] The results showed that protection and utilization planning of the Yangtze River shoreline provided important guidance and that current utilization reached the main planning goals. Specifically, they mainly included: (1) the number of shoreline utilization projects decreased from 104 to 92 since 2018, and utilization rate of the shoreline declined from 80.1% to 66.0%. Across the 92 shoreline utilization projects, the overall proportion of shoreline length in the “production-living-ecological” types was 40∶5∶55. The production shoreline length of Xiagang Street had the highest proportion compared to other streets, reaching 73.3%, while Shengang Street had the highest proportion of living shoreline length (8.5%), and Chengjiang Street had the highest proportion of ecological shoreline length (90.5%), consistent with the functional distribution across streets. (2) Three stages of shoreline utilization were identified: rapid development and intensified utilization from 2000 to 2015, a shift toward governance and protection from 2016 to 2020, and improved efficiency of intensive utilization since 2021. The proportions of the three categories tended to stabilize, and the ecological environment along the Yangtze River in Jiangyin City improved substantially. However, increasing the retention rate of natural shoreline remained challenging. (3) The planned proportions of the three types were 46∶18∶36 for the recent level year (2025), and 42∶18∶40 for the long-term level year (2035). Following the implementation of the plan and related actions for the management and protection of rivers and lakes, the proportion of production shoreline was reduced to below the planned requirement for the long-term level year (2035), while the proportion of ecological shoreline was increased to above the planned requirement. Nevertheless, there are still risks in implementing certain specific arrangements of the plan, and dismantling some utilization projects in Jiangyin City continues to be difficult. [Conclusion] This study proposes targeted countermeasures to support the management and protection of rivers and lakes in Jiangyin City, including improving coordination among plans, continuously enhancing the efficiency of shoreline utilization, and strengthening process supervision of shoreline utilization projects. Accordingly, the shoreline protection and utilization planning in Jiangyin City can serve as a representative reference for the other seven cities along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province. Meanwhile, the planning review and evaluation study represents an innovative approach for river and lake management in the Yangtze River Basin. At the beginning of the 15th Five-Year Plan period, the study can also serve as a summative evaluation example for other special water conservancy plans from the 14th Five-Year Plan period, as well as a reference for planning during the 15th Five-Year Plan period.

Nathan Piasco, D. Sidibé, C. Demonceaux et al.

A. Borrelli, A. Tornesello, M. Tornesello et al.

Cell membranes with their selective permeability play important functions in the tight control of molecular exchanges between the cytosol and the extracellular environment as the intracellular membranes do within the internal compartments. For this reason the plasma membranes often represent a challenging obstacle to the intracellular delivery of many anti-cancer molecules. The active transport of drugs through such barrier often requires specific carriers able to cross the lipid bilayer. Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) are generally 5–30 amino acids long which, for their ability to cross cell membranes, are widely used to deliver proteins, plasmid DNA, RNA, oligonucleotides, liposomes and anti-cancer drugs inside the cells. In this review, we describe the several types of CPPs, the chemical modifications to improve their cellular uptake, the different mechanisms to cross cell membranes and their biological properties upon conjugation with specific molecules. Special emphasis has been given to those with promising application in cancer therapy.

Irina Meghea, Daniela Simina Stefan, Florina Ioniţă et al.

This study presents a general overview of the important problem of pharmaceutical pollutants, aiming to draw attention to the global danger they represent and the need for concrete solutions for their remediation. Here, we summarize the available advanced knowledge on the occurrence and fate of pharmaceutical residues in the environment, particularly in water effluents, since they need a special approach when one takes into account the increasing consumption of medicines by both humans and animals, that might be discharged in aqueous systems and bio-accumulated in aquatic flora and fauna. This review details the presence of pharmaceutical wastes in water sources; their trajectories from production to consumption and release in household taps; their concentrations in natural water; methods for monitoring them; their risks; and their worldwide impacts. Adequate methods and advanced removal techniques for selected contaminants or classes of pharmaceutical compounds are discussed, together with their remediation potential and strategies. Local and global limiting proposals for these types of contaminants and concrete solutions for their remediation are recommended.

Mohsen Bijanpoor, Reza Ehtesham Rasi, Davood Gharakhany

<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 12pt;">In this research, using the double-objective mixed integer linear programming method, an optimal supply chain network for the collection and recycling of urban waste has been presented in terms of source separation and the uncertainty of per capita waste generation by citizens. Due to the uncertainty in the parameters of the problem, the two-stage stochastic programming method has been used to model the problem. The objective functions include an economic function to minimize investment costs and a social objective function to maximize the amount of recycling. In order to accurately solve the problem on a large scale, the Lagrange release method has been used. To validate and confirm the effectiveness of the model presented in this research, the model was implemented on a case study in the city of Karaj. According to the obtained results, to increase the amount of recycling in the waste supply chain network, more infrastructural and operational investments are needed. By increasing recycling, the harmful environmental and destructive effects of burying and burning waste will be reduced. The Lagrange release solution method can be used as a suitable method to reduce problem-solving time. In this research, it was observed that the Lagrange release method can solve large-scale problems with appropriate accuracy and in less time compared to the commercial CPLEX solver.</span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 12pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><strong>Key Words:</strong> two-stage stochastic programming, Lagrange's release method, linear programming, supply chain, waste management&emsp;</span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 12pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: times new roman, times, serif;">1.Introduction</span></strong></span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 12pt;">In Iran, 50,000 tons of waste are produced daily, of which only about 10% are recycled. In the city of Tehran, approximately 2% of daily urban waste production is separated at the source. The operation of collecting and disposing urban waste is very expensive due to the high investment costs for the waste collection and transportation fleet and the need to spend significant operational costs. Therefore, even small and partial reductions in the operating costs of waste management lead to large savings in the cost of municipalities. On average, between 60 and 80 percent of urban solid waste management costs are related to waste collection and transportation costs. While in the world, on average, 70% of the produced waste is recycled, optimistically, this figure reaches about 20% in Iran, and this means that in the country, about 16 million tons of waste are buried in the ground without being recycled. One of the important reasons for the low waste recycling in Iran is the lack of separation from the source of all types of waste produced in the country. The purpose of this research is to reduce the costs of urban waste management through separation at the source of waste and creating special hubs for each type of separated waste.</span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: times new roman, times, serif;">2- Literature review</span></strong></span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Among all municipal solid waste management strategies, waste recycling has received more attention than other options due to its impact on economic growth in addition to protecting the environment and human health. Given the need for investment in collection and disposal facilities along with high operating costs, conducting waste collection, recycling, or disposal operations is very costly. Therefore, a slight improvement in this process causes a significant reduction in the costs of municipalities (Babaei et al., 2017). The meaning of solid waste management is a set of coherent and systematic programs and laws related to the control of production, collection, transportation, separation, recycling and burial of waste based on the principles of public health, economy and conservation of biological resources (Akbarpour Shirazi et al., 2015). According to the conducted research, urban solid waste management can be considered as a supply chain network design problem (Mohammadi et al., 2019). This network includes facilities such as waste collection stations, transfer stations and recycling and disposal facilities. In the process of household waste collection, waste collected from local collection stations is first sent to transfer facilities where it is unloaded from municipal collection trucks and loaded into larger trucks to be transported to landfills in bulk (Habibi et al., 2017). In order to design an efficient and suitable supply chain network for urban waste collection, mathematical programming models can be used to improve the performance of this network by optimizing the location of facility locations and their allocations, and therefore, making them valuable tools for improving overall supply chain efficiency (Habibi et al., 2017). Since the parameters and information required for designing the waste supply chain network are not always certain, designing the supply chain in a deterministic way decreases its practical efficiency. Therefore, considering uncertainty in designing the model is inevitable (Rahimi &amp; Qadavati, 2017). The findings from previous research indicate that, in the majority of studies, the issue of waste separation at the source and the establishment of hub centers for each type of the separated waste have not been taken into consideration; therefore, in the present study, both of the above mentioned issues have been taken into consideration in designing the model.</span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: times new roman, times, serif;">3- Methodology</span></strong></span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Building on the points mentioned, this research is an attempt to design a multi-level supply chain network for urban waste collection and recycling, focusing on source segregation and uncertainty in citizens' per capita waste generation. This supply chain network includes urban points (segregated waste collection tanks) as waste collection centers, transfer centers or hubs for separated waste, recycling centers, as well as burial centers and waste incinerators. The flow of materials in this supply chain is considered in such a way that the waste is separated at the source by the citizens and placed in the tanks specific to each type of waste. Then, these wastes are transported by collection trucks to the hub or waste transfer centers specific to each type of waste, and then, transported by larger trucks to recycling centers and disposal centers (including burying or burning waste centers). In order to design the network, a mixed integer programming problem is designed, which includes two economic and social objectives. The first objective function seeks to minimize initial investment and operating costs, while the second objective function, that is, the social objective function, focuses on maximizing urban waste recycling. In order to take into account, the uncertainty in the citizens' per capita waste generation, a two-stage random programming method has been used. In order to linearize the above two objective functions, the epsilon constraint method is used. Also, using a case study in the city of Karaj, the efficiency of the designed model has been investigated. The solution method used to solve the presented model in large dimensions is the Lagrange release method, which is classified in the group of exact problem-solving methods.</span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: times new roman, times, serif;">4- Results</span></strong></span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 12pt;">In the present study, with the aim of addressing the existing research gap, an integer linear programming mathematical model was developed for designing the waste collection and recycling network, focusing on source separation and the establishment of hubs for each type of separated waste.</span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 12pt;">In this research, in addition to the concept of recycling, the concept of separation hub was also considered in the design of the supply chain. In order to validate the model, a case study was conducted in Karaj and its results were presented. Collecting suitable data to solve the problem was one of the problems of designing the model due to the high amount of required data and the difficulty of accessing some statistics. According to the obtained results, in order to increase the amount of recycling in the waste supply chain network, more infrastructural and operational investments are needed. By increasing recycling, the environmental and destructive effects of burying and burning waste will be reduced. The Lagrange release method can be used as a suitable solution method to reduce problem solving time in problems with high values. In this research, it was observed that the Lagrange release method can solve problems with high values ​​with appropriate accuracy and in less time compared to the CPLEX solver. Therefore, it can be said that the innovations of this research include the development of the waste collection and recycling supply chain model under uncertainty, considering the separation hubs, using the Lagrange release method to solve the model and the case study of Karaj city.&nbsp;</span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: times new roman, times, serif;">5- Discussion</span></strong></span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 12pt;">The purpose of this study was to design a multi-objective mathematical model to manage municipal and hospital waste. Hence, after reviewing the related literature, the gap in the existing studies was determined. In the studies conducted in the relevant articles, it was found that the specialized hub for each type of waste was not included, and only in a few articles, the concept of recycling was considered in the design of the supply chain. Also, to the researchers' best knowledge, no article was found in which exact solution methods were used to reduce the difficulty of solving the problem. Considering the collection and recycling supply chain network presented in this research and also based on the literature review, issues such as routing the movement of waste collection and transportation trucks in the mentioned network, production and storage planning for recycling centers,&nbsp; using heuristic and meta-heuristic solution methods to solve the model which are combined with other exact mathematical solution methods such as Lagrange release, considering environmental objective functions such as pollution reduction in the waste transportation and recycling process and considering the uncertainty in the capacity of facilities can be considered as the subject of future research.</span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 12pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 12pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 12pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 12pt;">&nbsp;</span></p>

Tianxin Cao, Curtis R. Warren

In recent years, the field of skeletal muscle tissue engineering has experienced significant advancements, evolving from traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures to increasingly sophisticated three-dimensional (3D) engineered constructs. While 2D models have provided foundational insights into muscle cell biology, emerging 3D platforms aim to better recapitulate the complex native muscle environment, including mature muscle fibers, supportive vasculature, and native-like extracellular matrix (ECM) composition. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of current in vitro skeletal muscle models, detailing their design principles, structure, and functionalities as well as the advantages and limitations inherent to each approach. We put a special emphasis on 3D engineered muscle tissues (EMTs) developed through advanced bioengineering strategies and note that design criteria such as scaffold selection, perfusion system incorporation, and co-culture with supporting cell types have significantly enhanced tissue maturity and complexity. Lastly, we explore the application of these engineered models to disease studies, highlighting models of both mendelian muscle disorders and common polygenic diseases and the potential of these platforms for drug discovery and regenerative therapies. Although an ideal in vitro model that fully recapitulates native muscular architecture, vascularization, and ECM complexity is yet to be realized, we identify current challenges and propose future directions for advancing these bioengineered systems. By integrating fundamental design criteria with emerging technologies, this review provides a roadmap for next-generation skeletal muscle models poised to deepen our understanding of muscle biology and accelerate therapeutic innovation.

Maocai Shen, Tong Hu, Wei Huang et al.

The content of (micro)plastics and heavy metals were investigated in the fly ash, bottom ash and surface soil samples from a municipal solid waste incinerate plant. The abundance of microplastics was 23, 171, and 86 particles/kg dw, respectively. The type of microplastics in fly ash was fiber, and the main type in bottom ash and soil samples was fragment (43.0% and 29.3%), followed by film (26.3% and 25.0%), foam (13.0% and 25.1%), and fiber (17.7% and 20.7%). Most of the microplastics had obvious tearing marks, with the protrusions and scratches on their surfaces. Several types of heavy metals such as Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb were adsorbed on the surface of microplastics. Additionally, the column test demonstrated that the microplastics and heavy metals in the bottom ash can be significantly dissolved out under the impact of external precipitation. Results also indicated that acid rain precipitation easily dissolved heavy metals into the water environment from the bottom ash without special treatment or protection. This paper investigated the combined migration of microplastics and heavy metals from the bottom ash, which can provide theoretical basis for further study of properly treating the bottom ash and exploring the environmental behavior.

J. Näslund, J. Johnsson

Sunita Varjani, Gopalakrishnan Kumar, E. Rene

The indiscriminate use of pesticides due to modern agricultural practices has received special attention from the scientific community to address the persistence, recalcitrance and multi-faceted toxicity of several pesticides. Pesticides are hazardous/toxic and can accumulate easily into non-target organisms including humans and other life forms. Several studies have been performed to investigate the effect of biochar addition for pesticide remediation. This review provides a comprehensive information on biochar amendment for the remediation of persistent organic pollutants such as pesticides. The types of pesticides and their hazards to life forms are briefly introduced before detailing biochar production, its characteristics and applications. Biochar addition in pesticide polluted environment offers the following advantages: (a) increases the soil water holding capacity, (b) improves aeration conditions in soil, and (c) provides habitat for the growth of microorganisms, thereby facilitating microbial community for metabolic activities and pesticide degradation. This paper also provides an up-to-date review on remediation of pesticides using biochar, the knowledge gaps and the future research directions in this field to evaluate the effect of biochar addition on agricultural and environmental performances.

Monika Gaba, C. Mohan

Domagoj Zimmer, Luka Šumanovac, Mladen Jurišić et al.

In this paper, new types of autonomous systems used in agriculture were analysed. The paper shows new self-guiding systems such as AGVs with full autonomy in degrees operation. It explains internal transport and systems of autonomous vehicles in outdoor agriculture. New autonomous systems used outside such as appliance of special navigation systems and their purpose in agriculture are present in this work. Navigation systems with GPS signal and RTK technology, vehicle guidance camera and AI machine vision for manipulation are described. Light and laser technologies for fully autonomous robotic technologies such as LiDAR system in vehicle for detection of the presence of pests and diseases are presented in this paper. The paper emphasized advantages of using AGVs as result of their autonomy, clean power sources without harmful impact on the environment. Navigation in indoor spaces that uses LTE Direct protocol is explained, whereby the Wi-Fi ceiling antenna and wireless APP for horizontal movement of AGVs is shown. The ways of using UAVs for warehouse inventory through web applications with an advanced navigation system guided by AI are given in this work.

Guanqun Yao, Jing Luo, Ting Zou et al.

Early-onset Schizophrenia (EOS) is a profoundly progressive psychiatric disorder characterized by both positive and negative symptoms, whose pathogenesis is influenced by genes, environment and brain structure development. In this study, the MIND (Morphometric Inverse Divergence) network was employed to explore the relationship between morphological similarity and specific transcriptional expression patterns in EOS patients. This study involved a cohort of 187 participants aged between 7 and 17 years, consisting of 97 EOS patients and 90 healthy controls (HC). Multiple morphological features were used to construct the MIND network for all participants. Furthermore, we explored the associations between MIND network and brain-wide gene expression in EOS patients through partial least squares (PLS) regression, shared genetic predispositions with other psychiatric disorders, functional enrichment of PLS weighted genes, as well as transcriptional signature assessment of cell types, cortical layers, and developmental stages. The MIND showed similarity differences in the orbitofrontal cortex, pericalcarine cortex, lingual gyrus, and multiple networks in EOS patients compared to HC. Moreover, our exploration revealed a significant overlap of PLS2 weighted genes linking to EOS-related MIND differences and the dysregulated genes reported in other psychiatric diseases. Interestingly, genes correlated with MIND changes (PLS2-) exhibited a significant enrichment not only in metabolism-related pathways, but also in specific astrocytes, cortical layers (specifically layer I and III), and posterior developmental stages (late infancy to young adulthood stages). However, PLS2+ genes were primarily enriched in synapses signaling-related pathways and early developmental stages (from early-mid fetal to neonatal early infancy) but not in special cell types or layers. These findings provide a novel perspective on the intricate relationship between macroscopic morphometric structural abnormalities and microscopic transcriptional patterns during the onset and progression of EOS.

Dong Liang, Guoming Zeng, Xiaoling Lei et al.

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals are a new class of pollutants that can affect hormonal metabolic processes in animals and humans. They can enter the aquatic environment through various pathways and gradually become enriched, thus posing a serious threat to the endocrine and physiological systems of both animals and humans. Nano zero-valent iron has promising applications in endocrine disruptor removal due to its excellent reducing properties and high specific surface area. However, given the dispersed focus and fragmented results of current studies, a comprehensive review is still lacking. In this paper, it was analyzed that the types of endocrine disruptors and their emission pathways reveal the sources of these compounds. Then, the main technologies currently used for endocrine disruptor treatment are introduced, covering physical, chemical, and biological treatment methods, with a special focus on persulfate oxidation among advanced oxidation technologies. Also, the paper summarizes the various activation methods of persulfate oxidation technology and proposes the nZVI-activated persulfate technology as the most promising means of treatment. In addition, this paper reviews the research progress of different modification methods of nZVI in activating persulfate for the removal of EDCs. Finally, the discussion includes recycling studies of nZVI/PS technology and emphasizes the urgency and importance of endocrine disruptor treatment. The review of this paper provides further scientific basis and technical support for nZVI/PS technology in the field of endocrine disruptor management.

Ziqi Xu, Jiang Chang, Fangyu Cheng et al.

Urban vitality is a critical driver of sustainable urban development, significantly contributing to the enhancement of human well-being. A thorough and multidimensional comprehension of urban vitality is essential for shaping future urban planning and policy-making. This study, focused on Chengdu, proposes a framework for assessing various dimensions of UV through the distribution of milk tea and coffee shops. Using random forest and multi-scale geographically weighted regression models, this study investigates the factors influencing urban vitality from both mathematical thresholds and spatial heterogeneity, and develops spatial maps of future vitality to inform targeted urban strategies. The results show that (1) the milk tea index is effective in capturing population vitality, while the coffee index is more closely associated with economic vitality and urban renewal; (2) office buildings (13.46%) and commercial complexes (13.70%) have the most significant impact on both economic and population vitality, while the importance of transportation factors has notably decreased; (3) the influence of these factors demonstrates spatial heterogeneity and nonlinear relationships, with subway station density of 0.5–0.8 stations per kilometer being optimal for stimulating both types of vitality. The minimum threshold for economic vitality in a given unit is a housing price exceeding 6000 RMB/m²; (4) the future vitality map suggests that urban planners should pay greater attention to non-central districts with high development potential. Moreover, spontaneous social interactions and consumer behaviors stimulated by various shops are critical components of urban vitality. In designing the physical environment and urban spatial forms, special attention should be given to enhancing the attractiveness of physical spaces and their capacity to accommodate social interaction.

Clément Trellu, H. O. Vargas, E. Mousset et al.

Abstract Pesticides are used worldwide in large quantities to increase yield in agriculture. On the other hand, they are in general toxic/persistent organic pollutants presenting strong adverse effects to the environment and human health, including acute and chronic toxicity. Consequently, water polluted by pesticides should be treated efficiently before its release into receiving water bodies to protect the natural aquatic environment. Different methods have been used for the treatment of water contaminated by pesticides. Among them, electrochemical technology seems to be very efficient in removing pesticides from water. Therefore this review aims to provide an overview of the recent works on the treatment of pesticide wastewater using electrochemical technology with a special focus on electrochemical advanced oxidation processes that demonstrated high efficiency in the removal of various types of pesticides from contaminated water.

D. Khaled, Nuria Novas, J. Gázquez et al.

S. Geritz, J. Metz, É. Kisdi et al.

Kun Yang, Zhenyu Yu, Yi Luo et al.

Lake surface water temperature (LSWT) is an important factor of water ecological environment. In the context of global warming, the LSWT of global lakes generally reveals an upward trend. With a continuous intensification of human activities and a rapid expansion of the impervious surface, urbanization has exerted an increasing impact on the environment, so the impact of human activities on LSWT cannot be ignored. Because of the special geographical location, the change of LSWT in plateau lakes has important impacts on climate diversity, biodiversity, and cultural diversity. As a result, it is critical to monitor and model the variation characteristics of LSWT in the plateau area. Based on the data set of natural factors representing climate change and human factors representing human activities, this study proposes a classification of lake types by K‐Means clustering method. At watershed scale, 11 lakes in the study area are divided into three types: Natural Lake, Semi‐urban Lake, and Urban Lake (UL). Based on this classification, the variation characteristics of LSWT for the eleven lakes from 2001 to 2017 are analyzed. The causal relationship and contribution of climate change and human activities to the rise of LSWT are discussed. Results show that (1) from 2001 to 2017, the annual mean of LSWT‐day/night and near‐surface air temperature in the 11 lakes show a warming trend, a significant correlation (R = 0.82, α = 0.0164 < 0.5) and a same periodicity, which indicates that near‐surface air temperature is one of the main influencing factors of LSWT warming in Yunnan‐Guizhou Plateau. (2) LSWT warming trend of UL is more obvious than those of Semi‐urban Lake and Natural Lake, indicating that human activities have more significant impact on LSWT of UL. The main driving factors are the impervious surface expansion and population increase. (3) The influence of human activities on the LSWT in Yunnan‐Guizhou Plateau is becoming more and more significant, and it is also the main factor in causing the deterioration of lake water environment in Yunnan‐Guizhou Plateau.