Hasil untuk "Special industries and trades"

A. Levin, M. Tonelli, J. Bonventre et al.

Xiaohui Yan, Shiqing Liu, Yongjian Su et al.

Free radicals are a class of reactive substances produced during the operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), which have a great impact on the durability of PEMFCs. Previous research on the fuel cell degradation mechanism mainly focused on the degradation of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) in high Pt loading PEMFCs, especially the chemical degradation of proton exchange membrane (PEM). However, there are significant differences in the characteristics and performance of PEMFCs with low and high Pt loading especially under the high current density, which is mainly due to the oxygen transport process in cathode catalyst layers (CCLs). Currently, few relevant research has explored the impact of chemical degradation on oxygen transport in the cathode of low-Pt PEMFCs. Therefore, this work investigates the effects of free radical attack on the structure of ionomer films, the local oxygen transport process and the evolution of the ionomer coated Pt/C structure in CCLs through physicochemical characterizations, electrochemical measurements and molecular dynamic simulations. Our research found that free radical attacks decreased the electrochemical active area of CCLs, but it also temporarily improved the cell performance at high current densities. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that the ionomer exhibited higher oxygen self-diffusion and a more relaxed structure after degradation.

Andor Körmöczi, G. Horváth, Tamás Szörényi et al.

The growing prominence of the electric vehicle industry, fueled by environmental concerns, has demanded innovation in various aspects of battery technologies with special emphasis on increasing the efficiency of both electric storage and its retrieval. An unexplored area of this is to identify the possibilities and limits of laser soldering. Here, we reveal the effects of surface pretreatment conditions and the amount of filler, along with the laser power and irradiation time on the characteristics of laser-soldered joints, by simultaneously evaluating the electrical and mechanical behavior of laser-soldered nickel-plated steel sheets (Hilumin®). By describing the morphological characteristics of the resolidified solder and the electrical and mechanical properties of the joints, we identify three, characteristically different morphological appearances and highlight the optimal one, where uniform and mostly void-free solder can be produced. Furthermore, we report a correlation between the threshold of upper sheet melting (either expressed as laser power or irradiation time) and joint deterioration in terms of the electrical and mechanical properties of the joint. We conclude that laser soldering can create joints with outstanding electrical conductance and adequate mechanical stability that meets the critical specifications of battery joining technologies when the surface pretreatment condition and processing parameters are properly optimized.

Hassan Al Garni, Arunachalam Sundaram, Anjali Awasthi et al.

A major design challenge for a grid-integrated photovoltaic power plant is to generate maximum power under varying loads, irradiance, and outdoor climatic conditions using competitive algorithm-based controllers. The objective of this study is to review experimentally validated advanced maximum power point tracking algorithms for enhancing power generation. A comprehensive analysis of 14 of the most advanced metaheuristics and 17 hybrid homogeneous and heterogeneous metaheuristic techniques is carried out, along with a comparison of algorithm complexity, maximum power point tracking capability, tracking frequency, accuracy, and maximum power extracted from PV systems. The results show that maximum power point tracking controllers mostly use conventional algorithms; however, metaheuristic algorithms and their hybrid variants are found to be superior to conventional techniques under varying environmental conditions. The Grey Wolf Optimization, in combination with Perturb & Observe, and Jaya-Differential Evolution, is found to be the most competitive technique. The study shows that standard testing and evaluation procedures can be further developed for comparing metaheuristic algorithms and their hybrid variants for developing advanced maximum power point tracking controllers. The identified algorithms are found to enhance power generation by grid-integrated commercial solar power plants. The results are of importance to the solar industry and researchers worldwide.

Cleonice Lisbete Silva Gama, Marília Miranda Forte Gomes, Ari Melo Mariano

Introdução A aquisição e distribuição de medicamentos no Sistema Único de Saúde é um dos grandes desafios para os gestores, dispendendo um alto volume de recursos públicos, que competem com as necessidades de financiamento dos demais serviços de saúde. Nesse cenário, os medicamentos de alto custo representam um desafio para as políticas de financiamento e acesso equitativo. O objetivo deste  trabalho foi realizar uma revisão bibliométrica para identificar as principais tendências de pesquisa em relação aos medicamentos de alto custo, as áreas de maior interesse e as regiões geográficas que lideram a pesquisa neste tema. Métodos Foi utilizado o método da Teoria do Enfoque Meta-Analítico Consolidado – TEMAC, que utiliza três etapas para identificar literaturas relevantes sobre o tema abordado, sendo que na primeira etapa é feita uma preparação para a pesquisa nas bases de dados, na segunda é feita as inter-relações entre os dados dos registros encontrados e, na última etapa, realiza-se a análise dos gráficos de coupling, co-citation e co-occurrence gerados no VOSviewer 1.6.84. Foram utilizados os descritores “high--cost medications” ou “high-cost drugs”. Resultados Nas bases escolhidas, obteve-se 519 registros, sendo 215 na Web of Science (WoS) e 304 na Scopus, no período entre 1980 e 2022, sendo em sua maioria artigos (cerca de 72%), os quais se relacionam principalmente com os desafios econômicos e políticos associados a medicamentos de alto custo. Os países que mais publicaram sobre o tema foram os Estados Unidos, Brasil, Reino Unido e Austrália. Nos últimos anos, o interesse na área tem crescido, com um aumento significativo na quantidade de publicações. Os artigos mais citados sobre o tema geralmente se concentram em doenças crônicas ou raras e em novas terapias que possam ajudar a melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes, principalmente para o câncer, e estão voltados para questões de custo e eficácia dos tratamentos, bem como preocupações éticas e legais. Por meio das análises de co-occurrence, co-citation e coupling, foi possível identificar que a temática do estudo está centrada em torno de termos como: medicamentos de alto custo, câncer, saúde, usuário, custos econômicos. Discussão e conclusões As conclusões mais importantes da pesquisa indicam que o custo dos medicamentos é um desafio significativo para os sistemas de saúde em todo o mundo, concentrando-se em encontrar soluções para tornar os tratamentos mais acessíveis e eficazes, incluindo novas abordagens de financiamento, como parcerias público-privadas e modelos de pagamento baseados em resultados. Também se destaca a importância de políticas de saúde pública eficazes para garantir que os pacientes possam acessar tratamentos de alta qualidade sem enfrentar dificuldades financeiras significativas. Esses resultados sugerem que os medicamentos de alto custo são utilizados principalmente para o tratamento de doenças graves e raras, e que o custo desses medicamentos é uma preocupação importante para os sistemas de saúde. Essas informações são relevantes para identificar as principais tendências de pesquisa em relação aos medicamentos de alto custo, as áreas de maior interesse e as regiões geográficas que lideram a pesquisa nessa área. Isso pode ajudar os pesquisadores a identificar lacunas na pesquisa e a direcionar seus estudos para áreas de maior interesse e relevância.

Artyom E. Perebeynos, Tatyana G. Ptashko

In the 1880s in Russia the paradigms of socioeconomic and cultural development began to change, and changes occurred in the sphere of production. The quantitative increase in the number of workers was accompanied by qualitative changes in their composition. In the last quarter of the 19th century, largely thanks to the development of machine production, the active involvement of young people of different age groups in industry increased. The share of children’s participation in various industries was uneven. Thus, the specifics of the mining industry did not allow the widespread use of the labor of children and adolescents directly in the extraction of minerals. The situation with the involvement of child and teenage labor in the factory and handicraft industries was somewhat different. The most common were pimy-making, pottery, stone-cutting, shoemaking, cooperage, etc. The peculiarity of these industries was primarily their family nature, as a result of which there was an even earlier and wider involvement of children and adolescents in labor than in other industries of the Urals. The length of the working day is a special issue in the study of working conditions for young people. Minors began to work on an equal basis with adults, i.e. 9 hours a day. The average working day varied depending on the type of production and the number of work shifts per day. In most large and small mines in Russia, where child labor was often used illegally, the working day reached 12 hours a day. In the carriage and blacksmith trades, the working day of a minor lasted more than 11 hours, and for young lapidaries, tanners and leather workers it ranged from 13 to 18 hours a day. The wages of the working youth of the country and the Urals also fluctuated depending on the nature of the work performed. Various types of deductions, which were not always legal, had a significant impact on the earnings of working youth. In some cases they amounted to more than a half of what they earned. A negative role in this phenomenon was played by foremen and overseers, who were the closest superiors for young workers, capable of execution and mercy. Taking advantage of their position, they often cheated workers and extorted food and money. This situation led to the fact that the state was forced to take measures to limit the cruel exploitation of children and adolescents in industry. This is proven by the adoption of a number of legislative acts (1882, 1884, and 1885). At the same time, the work of minors saved them from a half-starved existence; the child had the role of the family breadwinner. How urgent the need was to get the child to work early was determined by the ratio of working and non-working children in the family. But the insecurity of working families meant that even small earnings of children and adolescents significantly improved the financial situation of all its members.

Hai Wang, Wenming Yang, Qingmin Liao et al.

Jose Reyes, Joseph R. Kelly, Oluwakemi Badaki‐Makun et al.

INTRODUCTION Although the instances of Special Operations Forces (SOF) medical providers treating pediatric pelvic fractures are rare, such fractures are notable injuries in terror attacks and are at high risk for morbidity and mortality for the patient as well as stress for the provider. Presently, guidelines for pediatric-sized pelvic stabilization device application are limited to measured pelvic circumference. This study aims to inform more practical sizing guidelines. METHODS Subjects aged 1 year to 14 years were enrolled. Subject height, weight, pelvic circumference, and fit on the Broselow Pediatric Emergency Tape® (Armstrong Medical Industries), fit with the Pediatric PelvicBinder® (PelvicBinder), and fit with the small SAM Pelvic Sling® (SAM® Medical) were collected. The primary outcome was the proportion of subjects fitting each device. RESULTS Sixty-five subjects were recruited; median age was 5 years (interquartile range, 1-8 years); 40 (62%) subjects were male. Ninety-one percent of subjects fit within the scale of the Broselow Tape (height 143-cm fit the SAM Pelvic Sling (95%CI, 61.5-99.8%). CONCLUSIONS Providers should attempt to fit the Pediatric PelvicBinder for children >1 year old with suspected unstable pelvic fracture who fall on the Broselow Tape (<143-cm). The small SAM Pelvic Sling should be used for those taller than 143-cm.

Yu Miao, Alexandre Yokochi, Goran Jovanovic et al.

Non-thermal plasma as a tool in chemical reaction engineering has been studied for many years. The temperature of electrons in non-thermal plasma far exceeds other particles, which leads to its high efficiency. Besides the well-studied destruction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the reaction environment generated by non-thermal plasma is also suitable for the activation of many significant gas-phase chemical reactions, e.g., as methane coupling, reduction of carbon dioxide, ammonia synthesis, nitrogen fixation, as well as some liquid phase chemical reactions such as the treatment of contaminated water. Material synthesis is another target field of non-thermal plasma. Plasma in micro scale with several enhanced properties makes it an even more promising tool for plasma-chemical processing. This work summarizes different types of non-thermal plasmas and their performance in commonly studied chemical reactions. The advantages gained by generating non-thermal plasma in micro scale with constricted spaces, reduced timescales, and micro-/nano-structured electrodes are also discussed.

Daisy Damando, B. Gérard Josias Yaméogo, Hermine Zimé-Diawara et al.

La résistance des moustiques aux insecticides chimiques conventionnels demeure une préoccupation majeure pour les programmes de lutte anti-vectorielle. Les recherches s’orientent actuellement vers l’utilisation d’alternatives naturelles, les bio insecticides. L’activité insecticide de certaines plantes comme le Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.br (Apocynaceae) pourrait avoir un grand intérêt dans ce domaine. Dans cette étude, nous avons effectués un criblage des extraits de feuilles de C. procera (aqueux, hydro- éthanolique, méthanolique et éthanolique) par HPTLC, puis mesurer leur teneur en stérol, triterpène et en cardénolides. Nous avons étudié également l’activité larvicide des extraits aqueux et hydro- éthanolique contre le vecteur de la dengue Aedes aegypti selon la méthodologie décrite par l’OMS. Le profil chimique des différents extraits montre la présence de flavonoïdes, tanins, stérols et triterpènes, coumarines, alcaloïdes et cardénolides. La plus grande activité larvicide a été obtenue avec l’extrait hydro-éthanolique provenant de feuilles récoltées en saison sèche dans la localité de Kombissiri (partie Centre Sud du Burkina) avec une DL50 de (1,58 mg/ml ± 1,51 ; 1,66 mg/ml) Les résultats obtenus indiquent que l’extrait hydro-éthanolique de C. procera pourrait servir à la formulation d’un bio-insecticide écologique et peu coûteux pour lutter contre les larves d'Aedes aegypti.  

Yang Liu, Fangqi Chen, Xiaojie Liu et al.

To reduce the heat island effect brought by conventional asphalt roofing products with high solar absorption, we propose a category of self-cleaning and self-cooling composited roofing tile (CRT) made of old corrugated containers (OCC) and tung oil inspired by traditional Chinese oil-paper umbrellas, which can be fabricated at scale and easily recycled for roofing applications. Compared with asphalt shingles, CRTs can improve the solar reflection due to the randomized structure of the cellulose microfibers, contributing to a significant temperature difference of ∼13.2 °C. In addition, they have a high thermal emissivity of 0.93 in the atmospheric window, radiating great amounts of heat into the cold outer space (∼ 3 K). The top layer tung oil film smeared on the OCC pulp fibers transforms the roofing tile from a waterabsorbing to a waterproofing state and significantly enhances the mechanical strength, contributing to a stable thermal performance in outdoor applications. Furthermore, dyed CRTs can selectively reflect visible light for desired colors and effectively reflect near-infrared light to reduce solar heating, which synchronously achieves roof cooling and aesthetic variety. These cheap, eco-friendly, and multifunctional roofing tiles can provide a value-added path for OCC recycling, which may inspire more radiative cooling composites purely from recycling waste towards an energy-saving and sustainable society.

Bojan Ivanović

Stabilnost na male poremećaje, koja se još naziva statička stabilnost ili modalna analiza, se bavi stabilnošću sistema u slučaju malih poremećaja kao što su promene u potrošnji ili proizvodnji na satnom i dnevnom nivou. Prednost ove vrste analize je njeg globalni karakter jer daje sve sopstvene vrednosti matrice stanja sistema, odnosno polove, u okviru jednog sistemskog proračuna. Postojanje samo jednog pola sistema sa pozitivnim realnim delom ukazuje na nestabilan sistem. Mera relativnog učešća određene promenljive stanja, vezane za određeni generator, i određenog pola sistema dobija se računanjem faktora učešća. Sortiranjem faktora učešća za sve polove sistema u opadajući redosled i uspostavljanje korelacije sa tačno određenom promenljivom stanja nekog generatora dobija se povratna sprega do generatora koji su dominantni uzročnici postojanja polova sistema sa pozitivnim realnim delom. U radu se prikazuje izračunavanje sopstvenih vrednosti sistema i uspostavljanje korisničke povratne sprege do generatora uzročnika pojave nestabilnog pola. Uspostavljanje ove povratne sprege i eliminacija nestabilnog pola sistema promenom parametara generatora je demonstrirana na primeru realnog distributivnog sistema ogranka Leskovac sa preko 2500 čvorova i priključenih više od 40 sinhronih generatora.

Françis Ngolsou, Eya’ane Meva François, Mésodé Nnangé Akweh et al.

Introduction : Les nanotechnologies sont de nos jours une science qui prend une grande importance en raison de leur simplicité, de leur nature écologique et économique. L’objectif de ce travail consistait à évaluer l’effet anti-inflammatoire des nanoparticules obtenues par biosynthèse in situ à partir de la poudre des feuilles de Psychotria calceata. Matériel et méthodes : La synthèse des nanomatériaux s’est faite à partir d’un infusé de la poudre des feuilles de Psychotria calceata auquel a été ajouté une solution de nitrate d’argent. Les nanoparticules obtenues ont été caractérisées après changement de coloration visuel, au spectrophotomètre d’absorption UV-Vis entre 380 et 550nm. Cette caractérisation consistait à observer la formation des nanoparticules à partir de l'apparition de la résonance plasmonique de surface et d’apprécier leur stabilité. La toxicité orale aiguë des nanoparticules a été réalisée sur des rats Wistar selon le protocole décrit par la ligne directrice 423 (2001) de l'Organisation de Coopération et de Développement économique (OCDE). Un modèle d'œdème plantaire de la patte de rat induit par la carraghénine a été utilisé pour évaluer l’activité anti-inflammatoire de ces nanoparticules et des coupes histologiques ont été réalisées sur le foie, la rate, le cœur et les reins. Résultats et Discussion : Le criblage phytochimique de l'extrait aqueux de Psychotria calceata a révélé la présence d'alcaloïdes, phénols, polyphénols, tanins, saponines, flavonoïdes, triterpènes et stéroïdes. Le pic de résonance plasmonique de surface dans le spectre UV-Vis montre des spectres d'absorption compris entre 380 et 500 nm caractéristique de la présence des particules de taille nanométrique. Leur profil toxicologique a montré une DL50 > 2000mg/kg. A la dose de 400µg, les nanoparticules ont montré une diminution significative à p<0,01, trois heures après l'administration des nanoparticules. Conclusion : Les nanoparticules d'argent peuvent agir comme agents réducteurs/inhibiteurs de la libération des médiateurs inflammatoires aigus. Par conséquent, ce travail a clairement démontré que les nanoparticules d'argent de Psychotria calceata pourraient être considérées comme une source potentielle de médicaments anti-inflammatoires.

Aanis Ahmad, Dharmendra Saraswat, Aly El Gamal

Several factors associated with disease diagnosis in plants using deep learning techniques must be considered to develop a robust system for accurate disease management. A considerable number of studies have investigated the potential of deep learning techniques for precision agriculture in the last decade. However, despite the range of applications, several gaps within plant disease research are yet to be addressed to support disease management on farms. Thus, there is a need to establish a knowledge base of existing applications and identify the challenges and opportunities to help advance the development of tools that address farmers' needs. This study presents a comprehensive overview of 70 studies on deep learning applications and the trends associated with their use for disease diagnosis and management in agriculture. The studies were sourced from four indexing services, namely Scopus, IEEE Xplore, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, and 11 main keywords used were Plant Diseases, Precision Agriculture, Unmanned Aerial System (UAS), Imagery Datasets, Image Processing, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Transfer Learning, Image Classification, Object Detection, and Semantic Segmentation. The review is focused on providing a detailed assessment and considerations for developing deep learning-based tools for plant disease diagnosis in the form of seven key questions pertaining to (i) dataset requirements, availability, and usability, (ii) imaging sensors and data collection platforms, (iii) deep learning techniques, (iv) generalization of deep learning models, (v) disease severity estimation, (vi) deep learning and human accuracy comparison, and (vii) open research topics. These questions can help address existing research gaps by guiding further development and application of tools to support plant disease diagnosis and provide disease management support to farmers.

Risma Neswati, Nurfadila Jamaluddin Suppe, Sumbangan Baja et al.

The success of agricultural operations is highly dependent on the site selected, which affects sustainability, and it is important to solve problems associated with activities and efficient land use. However, many researchers have selected sites based solely on climate and soil characteristics and have ignored farmer preferences, which has resulted in the failure to meet sustainable agriculture goals, and a proper strategy is therefore required to anticipate related problems. This study was conducted to: (1) analyze plantation development priorities based on the hierarchy of farmers’ preferences, (2) identify the relationship between successful plantations, climate, and soil fertility. The attributes employed to assess farmers’ preferences included price, production, and price stability over the past five years, while annual rainfall, annual temperature, and soil fertility were used to assess land suitability. Farmers’ preferences were analyzed using the discrete choice experiment (DCE) method, and land suitability was analyzed using the fuzzy method. The farmer preference analysis showed that coffee was the priority crop of farmers in most of the research areas, and cocoa was the lowest cultivation priority. Coffee had a higher land suitability index than other plants, ranging from 0.62 to 0.92, and it was dominant within the optimal suitability class. Clove, pepper, and cocoa plants belonged to the moderate land suitability class with indexes of 0.6–0.91, 0.56–0.88, and 0.4–0.86 for pepper, clove, and cocoa, respectively. A regression analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between the priority of cultivated plants based on farmers’ preference and land suitability, and a positive relationship (moderate strength) was determined. These research results show that when selecting priority crops, 21% of farmers’ decisions are influenced by land suitability.

Nirupam Choudhury -, Debomalya Ghosh -

A Nation’s real success depends on its skilled work force. The skilled workforce gives an added advantage for running the wheel of the manufacturing and service operations. In order to focus more on competitive priorities, organizations give more emphasis on skilled workforce and thus skill development. Skill development has been considered one of the critical aspects for job creation in India. Hence Government of India has been working on long term strategic plans for skill development of Indian youth from rural and urban areas for their employment and empowerment. Without the required opportunities the challenges of unemployment in the country will never get resolved. Post-independence there were establishment of Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs), thus ITIs are one of the pioneering steps towards ensuring a steady flow of skilled workers in different trades for the industry. At present there is around 14,886 affiliated ITIs which are active in India catering 143 number of technical and non-technical trades accrediting post- secondary unemployed youths to secure a decent job and also empowering them for self-reliant. In 2018, employability among Industrial Training Institutes graduates across India was about 29.46 percent, a drastic decrease from 42.22 percent in 2017. In the North Eastern state of Assam the situation is grimmer. In Govt. ITIs of Assam student admission has been drastically reduced primarily effecting MSME sector of the state which is contributing significantly in the economic and social development of the state by generating large employment opportunities and fostering entrepreneurship. Due to shortage of skilled workforce in Assam, the local factories have to hire skilled manpower from other parts of the country. The current paper aims to identify the causes behind decreasing trend of admission in vocational courses in Govt. ITIs with special reference to Assam and suggests measures to address the issues in a broader perspective. The paper also highlights the bold reforms and initiatives by both Central and State Govt. to upgrade Govt. ITIs through PPPs to build Govt. ITIs as world class skill centres to meet the growing demand in the local and international market.

Pengyang Zhao, Shuping Zhao, Luyang Chen et al.

Jianhui Li, Yiguang Wu, Liqing Zhao

Bibiana Melo Ramborger, Marcelo da Costa Borba, Joana Gasparotto Kuhn et al.

O presente artigo busca identificar os fatores condicionantes que influenciam a sucessão geracional em modelo integrado de produção avícola e suinícola na região do Vale do Taquari-RS. Realizou-se pesquisa de campo com coleta de informações através de questionários semiestruturados, realizados nas propriedades rurais com sucessores e possíveis sucessores. Constatou-se que o perfil predominante entre os respondentes, sucessores que retornaram após um período fora das propriedades de suas famílias. Além disso, alguns aspectos do ponto de vistas dos sucessores acerca de sistema de produção e o mercado agropecuário, como suas visões de mercado, os aspectos que levaram a continuação dos trabalhos exercidos na propriedade, suas intenções de continuar no sistema e a diversificações de produção nas propriedades. Acrescentando ainda que os sucessores estão mais críticos em sua tomada de decisão em vista de suas escolhas de vida dentro e fora das propriedades rurais.  

Rahmat Dhandy, Septine Brillyantina, Asmunir et al.

Sektor pertanian, kehutanan dan perikanan yang menjadi penggerak utama dalam bidang agribisnis di Kabupaten Sigi merupakan sektor terpenting yang dapat meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat. Kenyataan ini bisa dilihat dari besarnya kontribusi yang diberikan sektor pertanian, kehutanan dan perikanan masih sangat dominan terhadap pembentukan Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) berdasarkan harga konstan Tahun 2015 di Kabupaten Sigi yaitu sebesar 41,68% pada tahun 2019. Perolehan PDRB tersebut belum diketahui dari komoditas apa dan dari kecamatan mana, oleh karena itu guna meningkatkan PDRB saat ini diperlukan informasi yang lebih rinci, yaitu informasi tentang komoditas pangan yang memiliki potensi daya saing kompetitif dan komparatif serta sektor basis dalam pengembangan produksi tanaman pangan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis macam-macam komoditas tanaman pangan unggulan dan mengkaji struktur pertumbuhan komoditas tanaman pangan di Kabupaten Sigi. Metode yang digunakan adalah Location Quotient (LQ) dengan pengambilan data produksi komoditas tanaman pangan selama 2015 s/d 2019. Metode LQ menghasilkan komoditas yang tergolong unggulan secara keseluruhan yaitu komoditas Ubi Jalar (13,55), Kacang Kedelai (13,05), Kacang Hijau (12,59) dan Ubi Kayu (11,69).