Hasil untuk "Slavic languages. Baltic languages. Albanian languages"

Alexander A. Barkovich, Ekaterina S. Astapkina

The authors perform the linguistic analysis of neural network modeling of the semantic field “Internet” on the material of available online Russian-language content. The relevance of the study is ensured by the quality and quantity of the linguistic material in the “big data” format and by an innovative methodological approach to its meta-description with neural network instruments. The study is aimed at giving a linguistic characteristic of neural network modeling of the semantic field “Internet” in Russian-language discourse. The material was Russian-language Internet content. The volume of the content had not been limited to obtain statistically representative metadata. This approach corresponds to the mainly declarative limitations of the Internet discourse functionality. Due to the focus on the “intelligent” algorithms for processing Internet content, such as basic for our research OpenAI project, the high referentiality of language data was ensured. The authors used a wide range of methods, from component analysis to discourse analysis, with modern neural network instruments. A two-dimensional neural network modeling was carried out with cluster and stratum analysis of language units associated with the conceptual phenomenon Internet. The conducted research demonstrated the potential of neural network modeling techniques to study the semantic field “Internet”. The modeling identified and verified a wide range of language units whose speech functionality was associated with the conceptual phenomenon Internet as the core of the corresponding semantic field. The results obtained are promising; we can confidently implement the neural network modeling patterns tested in this study into linguistic practice. This, in turn, will develop the paradigm of linguistics, modernize methodological approaches to language functioning, and identify and qualify speech innovations.

Dorota Klimek-Jankowska, Alberto Frasson, Vesela Simeonova et al.

abstract:While secondary imperfectivization (SI) is a prominent phenomenon in Slavic, there is variation in its realization. This study contributes novel cross-Slavic data systematizing our understanding of the distribution and meaning of SI morphology in Macedonian, Bulgarian, Serbian, Slovene, Czech, Polish, Ukrainian, Russian, and Polish. In two exploratory quantitative studies, we (1) show that SI is more productive in Rus, Ukr, Mac, and Bul than in Pol, Cze, Ser, and Slo, and (2) explore semantic conditioning of the variation in productivity of SIs of empty prefixed verbs (they get habitual meaning in Mac and Bul and both single ongoing and habitual readings in Rus and Ukr). We postulate two types of SI morphemes – SI (equally productive across Slavic) and SI-hab (productive only in Bul and Mac). At the formal level, we posit an agreement operation involving a parasitic habitual feature with different behaviors in the tested languages.

G. Pilipenko, Sergej Borisov, Vladislav Nemchinov

The paper discusses the results of a field study carried out in 2024 among Slavic com- munities living in Argentina and Brazil. The purpose of the expedition was to identify the primary dialectal features of the migrant Slavic dialects, as well as to identify and analyze the contact features that arose under the influence of the dominant Romance languages ― Spanish and Portuguese. During the field research, the dialects of the de- scendants of Slavic immigrants in the Argentine provinces of Misiones and Chaco, as well as in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul, were examined. The researchers’ archive includes narratives in Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, and Serbo-Croatian. The informants have as their basis eg. the Dniestrian dialect of the Ukrainian language, Hrodna-Baranavichy dialect of the Belarusian language, and South Čakavian dialects of Croatian. Examples of phonetic, lexical, and syntactic interfer- ence are recorded. In particular, the phenomenon of betacism is widespread, as well as the substitution of [c] with [s]. Numerous cases of code switching have been attested, as well as adaptations of Romance vocabulary: cz. po čakrax (sp. chacra ‘farm’), ukr. f’ižón (port. feijão ‘beans’), ukr. dósy (port. doces ‘sweets, candies’). The informants talk about the traditional spiritual and material culture of the regions where they live. The most common stories are about pombero, lobisón, local legends about a black shepherd boy and the traditions of the San Juan (São João) holiday. Stories about Slavic traditions, about celebrating Christmas, New Year, and cooking festive dishes have also been recorded. The perspective of the research is to elaborate a typology of contact phenomena in the migrant Slavic dialects and in the Slavic traditional culture under the influence of Romance languages and traditions of the region.

Svetlana Seregina

The article studies N. A. Klyuev’s work from the 1900s-1910s on the background of F.-R. Lamennais’ philosophy. After providing a brief history of the reception of Lamennais’ ideas in Russia (from P. Ya. Chaadaev to F. M. Dostoevsky and the revolutionaries), it offers a close-reading of Klyuev’s 1919 article “Red Alarm”, which reveals extended borrowings, without quotation marks or reference, from chapters 35 and 36 of Lamennais’ Words of a Believer (1834). An overview of Russian translations of Words of a Believer is then provided, in order to establish which translation Klyuev quoted from. The article then suggests that Klyuev’s mythology of the revolution originated in his reading of Lamennais, from whom he borrowed the idea that the sufferings of the revolution allow the Russian people to become like Christ and embody a new truth in the world, not only spiritually, but also socially. Additionnaly, it seems very likely that Klyuev already borrowed from Lamennais in his early lyrics. His idea of slavery as a vicious circle that people must break by awakening and regaining their human dignity may indeed very well originate in Lamennais’ pamphlet Modern Slavery.

Petr Biskup

It has been argued that there are analogies between the nominal domain and the verbal domain in natural languages. Most approaches dealing with these analogies in Slavic languages investigate them from the semantic and aspectual points of view. In contrast to them, this article focuses on morphosyntactic parallels. It investigates all five aspectual markers of verbal predicates: prefixes, the secondary imperfective, the semelfactive morpheme, the iterative -a and the habitual suffix. The analysis follows the Distributed Morphology framework. This article addresses the question of which morphosyntactic correspondences these aspectual markers have in the nominal domain. It is argued that the iterative secondary imperfective is a parallel of the nominal number projection and that the habitual morpheme in North Slavic languages is the counterpart of the nominal determiner. Verbal prefixes are analogous to nominal classifiers, and in addition, lexical prefixes parallel the nominal complement, and superlexical prefixes correspond to adjectival modifiers of the nominal domain. The internal iterative -a, as a spell-out of the verbal categorizing head, is analogous to the categorizing head of nouns. Thus, it is argued that Slavic also has event-internal and event-external pluractional markers. The semelfactive morpheme parallels the singulative (diminutive) marker of the nominal domain, and we argue that these markers adjoin to the root before the categorizing head. This argues against the standard claim that semelfactives are derived from iteratives (multiplicatives).

Zoran Spasovski

Abstract The study offers a novel analysis of the Proto-Slavic patronymic suffix *-it’ь, drawing on its concise yet foundational treatment in Słownik prasłowiański (1976) and examining its diachronic development and geographical distribution across the Slavic-speaking world. While previous scholarship has often conflated *-it’ь with other suffixes or treated its semantic scope in isolation, this paper integrates historical morphology, onomastics, and sociolinguistic data to reassess its function and evolution. The Słownik provides a clear delineation of the suffix’s original form, semantic range, and reflexes in modern Slavic languages, distinguishing it from nomen loci and augmentative suffixes. Building on this foundation, the study maps the suffix’s presence and productivity across West, East, and South Slavic languages, revealing its sustained use in Russian and Serbo-Croatian, its decline in Polish, and its near absence in Czech, Slovak, Bulgarian, and Macedonian. By synthesizing comparative data from Kaleta’s Ewolucya nazwisk słowiańskich and other sources, the paper highlights the sociolinguistic factors influencing the suffix’s retention or obsolescence. Ultimately, this research contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of Slavic name formation and the diachronic dynamics of patronymic morphology.

Marcin Wągiel, Berit Gehrke

abstract:The paper investigates non-conservative, as opposed to conservative, interpretations of sentences with percentage quantifiers corresponding to 'fifty percent' in Slavic. Based on the results of a questionnaire study in Slavic languages with (Bulgarian and Macedonian) and without definiteness marking (BCMS, Czech, Polish, Russian, Slovak, and Slovenian), we make the novel observation that word order is a main and sometimes the only means to distinguish between conservative and non-conservative readings. We argue that for the non-conservative reading to arise the percentage quantifier has to appear in a low position, VP-internally, in order to be part of the predicate and to take the VP's extension as its first argument.

Barbara Sonnenhauser

Expanding on Carl Buck’s insight that the history of ideas is closely tied to the history of the words expressing them, this paper traces the interaction of language, culture and cognition on the example of the concept know and its lexification in Slavic, based on a sample of diachronically and synchronically aligned translations of the New Testament. Two exploratory analyses of the lexical preferences, the domains of conceptual transfer and their perceptual bases reveal characteristic differences in the choice of lexical means, slightly less for the underlying conceptual mappings and for their perceptual bases. The patterns disclosed do not correlate with the branches of Slavic, nor do they display a clear historical signal. Instead, they suggest a correlation with the cultural history of the New Testament translations. The results illustrate the relevance of a more-dimensional approach when comparing the lexical layer of languages.

Arta Misini, Ercan Canhasi, A. Kadriu et al.

Automatic authorship identification is a challenging task that has been the focus of extensive research in natural language processing. Regardless of the progress made in attributing authorship, the need for corpora in under-resourced languages impedes advancing and examining present methods. To address this gap, we investigate the problem of authorship attribution in Albanian. We introduce a newly compiled corpus of Albanian newsroom columns and literary works and analyze machine-learning methods for detecting authorship. We create a set of hand-crafted features targeting various categories (lexical, morphological, and structural) relevant to Albanian and experiment with multiple classifiers using two different multiclass classification strategies. Furthermore, we compare our results to those obtained using deep learning models. Our investigation focuses on identifying the best combination of features and classification methods. The results reveal that lexical features are the most effective set of linguistic features, significantly improving the performance of various algorithms in the authorship attribution task. Among the machine learning algorithms evaluated, XGBoost demonstrated the best overall performance, achieving an F1 score of 0.982 on literary works and 0.905 on newsroom columns. Additionally, deep learning models such as fastText and BERT-multilingual showed promising results, highlighting their potential applicability in specific scenarios in Albanian writings. These findings contribute to the understanding of effective methods for authorship attribution in low-resource languages and provide a robust framework for future research in this area. The careful analysis of the different scenarios and the conclusions drawn from the results provide valuable insights into the potential and limitations of the methods and highlight the challenges in detecting authorship in Albanian. Promising results are reported, with implications for improving the methods used in Albanian authorship attribution. This study provides a valuable resource for future research and a reference for researchers in this domain.

Dejan Ajdacic

The paper examines how Prince Marko (Kraljević Marko) gained popularity in 19th-century Europe, largely due to the Serbian folk songs published by Vuk Stefanović Karadžić and their translations into Polish and other languages. The author juxtaposes historical data on Marko Mrnjavcevic (c. 1355–1395), noting his role as a Turkish vassal after 1371, and compares it with the portrayal of Prince Marko in Serbian folk songs. The Polish language’s earliest mention of Prince Marko as a folk hero appears in the 1804 travel diary of Prince A. Sapieha, who journeyed through Dalmatia and Zagorje. The paper discusses the unique translation approaches of August Bielowski and Roman Zmorski. It further analyzes references to Prince Marko in Adam Mickiewicz’s lectures at the Collège de France (1841), Roman Zmorski’s introduction to his 1859 book of 30 song translations about Prince Marko, Kazimierz Władysław Wóycicki’s encyclopedic article (1867), and Bronisław Grabowski’s play about Prince Marko (1880). The author draws on research from Petar Bunjak, Kreshimir Georgijevic, Roman Zmorski, Marian Jakóbiec, Milica Jakobiec Semkowowa, Damian Kubik, Regels Halili and others. The historical review concludes that Polish scholars rarely highlighted the humorous elements in the Serbian songs about Marko or his contentious relationships with women. Additionally, Polish translations were not used as intermediaries for translating these songs into Ukrainian. Original title in Serbian: Краљевић Марко из српских народних песама код Пољака у 19. веку

G. Cocchi, Cristina Pierantozzi

In this pilot work, we are going to discuss several aspects concerning the Albanian language spoken in the Italian territory by immigrants of different generations. After an excursus on heritage languages in general, and Albanian as a heritage language in particular, we present the results of both a sociolinguistic and a linguistic survey conducted among some Albanian immigrants in Italy. The former aims at investigating the contexts of use of Albanian and Italian languages, the participants’ competence in both of them and their attitude towards code-switching. The latter is focused on the participants’ judgments of the acceptability of different types of mixed Italian–Albanian DPs, i.e., DPs where D and N are expressed in different languages, and the theoretical implications that emerge.

Пeтр Червинский

Опираясь на сюжет известной русской народной сказки о Морозе (Морозко) в двух его вариантах, помещенных в сборнике А.Н. Афанасьева № 95 и № 96, автор анализирует и выводит признаки действующих в ней персонажей – старухи (мачехи), старика, падчерицы и старухиных дочерей (родной дочери во втором варианте). Выведенные признаки формируются в роли – доминирующей преследовательницы и распорядительницы для мачехи, покорного исполнителя ее воли для старика, преследуемой и обрекаемой к смерти для падчерицы, избалованных мачехиных дочерей. Позволяет это перейти ко всему дальнейшему – выведению и характеристике определяющих мотивов Мороза. По тексту сказки в обоих ее вариантах таковыми мотивами становятся: пограничное и чужое пространство (бор, лес, глушь, чисто поле); характерное для героя появление-приближение (сверху, по елкам или же подходя); моторика слышимых, но не обязательно видимых движений (потрескивание, пощелкивание, поскакивание, подпрыгивание); троекратное усиление морозящего воздействия на объект; богатство и вследствие этого способность одаривать; формы вежливого обращения, приветствие, «умные речи»; смерть в результате окостенения; брачный мотив; пение песенок на морозе (при неумирании) и т.п. Полученные результаты сопоставляются с темами и мотивами, характерными для национальной культуры, что находит свое отражение в пословицах, поговорках, обычаях, обрядовой практике, а также в народных и не только народных, авторских песнях. В завершение проделанного анализа выводится общая схема сюжета.

K. A. Potashova

The article explores the mechanisms of poetic representation of celestial bodies, the celestial sphere, and extraordinary cosmic phenomena in Russian poetry at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries in the context of changing artistic paradigms (classicism and romanticism), poets’ worldview, and their artistic methods. It analyzes literary-critical articles from the 1820s-1840s and works by literary scholars from the second half of the 19th to the 21st centuries. The main research strategies for analyzing the cosmic imagery in Russian poetry of this period are identified. The existing methodology for interpreting the poetic works of G. R. Derzhavin and V. A. Zhukovsky, who were at the forefront of the leading artistic systems of the time, is evaluated in terms of understanding the image of the cosmic universe. It is determined that in literary criticism and scholarship, three main approaches have emerged in interpreting the image of the cosmic universe: interpretations of the astronomical universe as classical emblems, as typical elements of landscape in romantic aesthetics, and as ontologically charged images. It is proven that the study of cosmic motifs did not have a systematic character in relation to the literary process at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries.

B. Brehmer

О. I. Osipova

The question of constants in the short prose of F. Sologub is considered. Special attention is paid to the iconic cycle of stories in the work of the author. The results of the analysis of motives, chronotope, recurring elements of the plot and the system of characters in the cycles “The Sting of Death” and “Unkind Lady” are presented. It is shown with the help of comparative and intertextual methods that in the stories of the cycles the constant binary opposition of a meaningless, cruel life and a consoling death is embodied, the hero’s dreams of death determine the meaninglessness of being. It has been proved that time and partly space in the stories of the cycles are binary organized, but this is not the duality of this and other worlds: the hero does not go beyond the boundaries of this world, but the time and space of this world change under the influence of the altered consciousness of the hero. The author dwells on the analysis of motivational complexes that also represent oppositions, which allows us to conclude that there are constant signs of Sologub’s artistic world. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that modern comprehension of classical works using a new technique made it possible to see the internal complex interconnection of texts, to find explicit and implicit signs of interaction between cycles.

O. N. Kondratyeva, Yu. S. Ignatova

The role of mass media in the processes of interpretation and assessment of various fragments of reality is discussed in the article. The problem of the entry of legal concepts into the media discourse is raised and the task is set to study the changes occurring in this process, which ultimately lead to the formation of new conceptual units — media concepts. The designated task is solved in the process of analyzing one of the key legal concepts LEGITIMACY. It has been demonstrated that the Russian mass media significantly modify each of the three components of the legal concept, that is, the media virus is “implanted” into the conceptual, figurative and value layers. It allows us to speak of three strategies of mediatization: definitional, metaphorical and evaluative. It is shown that the definitional strategy contributes to the emergence of new features in the conceptual layer of the LEGITIMACY concept (‘trust’, ‘approval’, ‘support’, ‘respect’, ‘fairness’, ‘the phenomenon of consciousness’ and ‘subjective feeling’). It is noted that the metaphorical strategy additionally forms such linguo-culturally specific features as ‘defectiveness’ and ‘object of political manipulation’, the evaluative strategy gives the positively perceived concept of LEGITIMACY a negative connotation (conceptual signs of ‘doubtfulness’ and ‘imaginary’ develop), which is an alarming marker reflecting the current situation in Russian society. It is pointed out that the recorded changes indicate the importance of the discursive factor in the study of concepts.

Мария Лаздина

A. Neverov, A. Markelov, A. Airapetian

The impact of integration processes on language learning and usage is traditionally evaluated in the literature through the prism of sociolinguistics or soft power. This article proposes a new conceptual approach based on measuring various aspects of competition between languages. The language integration and monopolisation indices and the multilingualism coefficient serve as measurement tools. The approach is tested on the situation in the Baltic region of the EU. The article uses data from Eurostat, Eurobarometer, and the Baltic statistical offices to analyse the performance of Baltic language markets by assessing the impact of EU integration on the use of languages in the region. The findings show a growing tendency towards multilingualism in countries participating in integration associations. Integration bodies, however, do not give one language precedence over others but encourage the interpenetration of the languages of their leading economies. The main factor behind the demand for a language is the strength of commodity and labour markets in the country where it is spoken. The article concludes that close economic and political integration stimulates heterochronous processes in supranational associations. The first one is increasing monopolisation in the language market of the association and the language markets of its sub-regions. The second process is a decrease in monopolisation in national language markets.

D. Stosic