Hasil untuk "Settlements"

Un-Habitat

K. Seto, S. Dhakal, A. Bigio et al.

4 This chapter has been allocated 52 template pages, currently it counts 55 pages (excluding this page 5 and the bibliography), so it is 3 pages over target. Reviewers are kindly asked to indicate where the 6 chapter could be shortened. 7

Mushtaq H Khan

Collins K Kebenei, David Onyango, Kelvin Kering et al.

Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) presents a considerable health threat to children in low-resource settings, where clean water, sanitation, and hygiene are often inadequate. However, the environmental factors influencing NTS persistence and spread remain poorly understood. We utilized a case-control approach to investigate environmental factors associated with NTS infection in children living in Nairobi's informal settlements between August 2022 and July 2023. Stool samples were collected from febrile children, with or without diarrhea, who visited healthcare facilities. The study included 42 laboratory-confirmed NTS-positive cases and 42 NTS-negative children from the same community. Environmental samples, including drinking water, open drains, soil, and household effluent, were collected from both case and control households, in addition to raw sewage from main sewer-line convergence points. Conventional microbiological culture and quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction techniques were employed for NTS detection, with genomic sequencing used for strain characterization. Environmental samples from case households showed a higher NTS contamination rate of 33.3% (42/126) compared to control households of 7.2% (9/126). Higher odds of NTS infection in children were associated with household environmental factors, particularly exposure to household effluent (OR = 7.7, 95% CI: 2.18-34.82, p = 0.0005), drinking water (OR = 6.4, 95% CI: 1.57-37.76, p = 0.0055), and soil (OR = 5.4, 95% CI: 1.01-54.28, p = 0.0485). Genomic analysis revealed a common strain, Salmonella Enteritidis ST11, in clinical and environmental isolates. These findings highlight the plausible role of the household environment as a reservoir for NTS, perpetuating infection cycles within the community. Addressing this challenge requires a multifaceted approach, including improved sanitation infrastructure, environmental monitoring, and integrated public health interventions to reduce NTS exposure and transmission in high-risk populations.

David Oluseun Olayungbo, Aziza Zhuparova, Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh Al-Faryan et al.

The relationship between oil price movements and stock markets during the COVID-19 pandemic and the geopolitical crisis like the ongoing Russian-Ukraine war is yet unexplored extensively. This study therefore examines the return-correlation effects of oil prices on stock markets and their spillover effects in oil-exporting and European countries using daily closing data. After estimating the GARCH process, we employ the static and dynamic Markov Switching model that allow the relationship between oil price and stock market to switch between two regimes coined the COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine war periods. The static model shows stock price returns to respond positively and significantly to oil price returns in Italy, Germany and the US during the Covid-19 period while the response is significantly positive only for US in the Russia-Ukraine war period. As regards the volatility spillover, significant spillover is found from stock to oil market for Nigeria, vice versa for Saudi Arabia and bi-directional volatility spillover found for the US, Italy and Germany during the COVID-19 period. The policy implication is that Nigeria and Saudi Arabia should prioritize financial policy and energy policy respectively while US, Italy and Germany should adopt policy coordination to stabilize oil-stock market volatility during low oil price period like the COVID-19 period.

Hlengiwe P. Maila, Lianne P. Malan, Adrino Mazenda

Background: The public housing delivery practices in South Africa are fragmented, resulting in various outcomes concerning housing delivery. There is a pressing need to overhaul public housing delivery that puts citizens at the core of the delivery process. Aim: The current state-led model of delivering housing is not effective and by design, the model for housing delivery should include the participation of beneficiaries. The aim was to develop a co-production model for housing delivery. Setting: The article focused on the housing sector in South Africa. Methods: A qualitative research approach and grounded theory as research design was used. Instruments were document analysis and semi-structured interviews with participants who are stakeholders in housing co-production. Data collected was analysed through inductive thematic analysis. Results: The results suggested a self-reliant approach to housing delivery, which is demand driven with the state as a facilitator and not the provider of housing. The model for housing should have a component that does not perpetuate a culture of dependency and entitlement but promotes the concept of co-production. Conclusion: The article explored the possibility of introducing a co-production model for housing delivery model in South Africa. It was established that the role of government must shift to that of an enabler and facilitator instead of a provider of housing. Contribution: This proposed model contributes towards the body of knowledge in terms of promoting public service delivery and performance (in this instance in the housing sector) in South Africa as a country situated in Africa.

Zamam Hassan, Fawad Z.A. Khan, Adel S. Aldosary et al.

The process of urban growth often results in the conversion of agricultural spaces, including orchards. In Pakistan, Multan - widely known as the city of Mangoes - has seen exponential urban growth in the past couple of decades, resulting in a huge loss of Mango orchards to urban settlements. This research focuses on investigating local farmers’ motivations for selling Mango orchards to urban colonies and their perceived implications of transforming mango orchards into residential areas in Multan, Pakistan. By surveying 100 participants, the study captures insights into urban expansion trends, primary motivations behind selling agricultural land, and the social, economic and environmental consequences of such conversions. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis (heatmap) are used to dissect the farmers perceptions on the drivers and implications of Mango orchards' conversion to housing settlements in Multan, Pakistan. Notably, 96% of respondents highlighted that orchards nearer to urban centers were predominantly targeted for conversion. Furthermore, 57% believed less productive orchards were more frequently turned into urban developments. Our correlation analysis provided clarity on the economic dimensions. Participants who felt their orchard was not a profitable venture tended to see greater economic advantages from selling their orchards. Interestingly, individuals motivated by a desire to 'improve quality of life' generally observed an improvement in their living conditions post-sale. On the environmental spectrum, concerns such as potential future temperature rises were consistently associated with several selling motivations, indicating a broad awareness of environmental consequences. This comprehensive research highlight the interplay of economic, social, and environmental factors in orchard-to-housing conversions, presenting valuable knowledge for urban development strategists and decision-makers.

Christopher Bacon, Ava Gleicher, Emma McCurry et al.

The 60,000 food pantries in the United States are well known for charity-based emergency food assistance and edible food recovery, serving 53 mil­lion people in 2022 (Feeding America, 2023a). Thousands of urban gardens emphasize vegetable production and food justice, but lack strong con­nections to food pantries. We explore how food pantries and urban gardens could partner to trans­form pantries into distribution sites that also become food justice education and organizing spaces. To assess this potential, we engaged in par­ticipatory action research with a leading social ser­vices provider that offers programs supporting both organized urban gardeners and a large urban food pantry in San Jose, California. We conducted and analyzed 21 interviews with food pantry volun­teers and urban gardeners affiliated with the same agency, and eight interviews with other urban gar­deners and food pantry staff from external organi­zations. We found that while both food pantry vol­unteers and urban gardeners expressed concerns about increasing healthy food access and reducing food waste, pantry volunteers were often unfamil­iar with food justice and uncomfortable talking about race and culturally rooted food preferences. These findings were similar with the informants from external organizations. To support urban gar­dener and food pantry volunteer collaboration, we developed a food justice approach to emergency food assistance and food waste management in which both groups co-create onsite vermicompost­ing infrastructure and partner with a university to design a training program focused on diversity, jus­tice, and systemic change. 

Bingyu Zhao, Jingzhong Li, Bing Xue

Abstract The bath industry has multiple attributes, such as economic, health, and cultural communication. Therefore, exploring this industry's spatial pattern evolution is crucial to forming a healthy and balanced development model. Based on POI (Points of Interest) and population migration data, this paper uses spatial statistics and radial basis function neural network to explore the spatial pattern evolution and influencing factors of the bath industry in mainland China. The results show that: (1) The bath industry presents a strong development pattern in the north, south-northeast, and east-northwest regions and weak development in the rest of the country. As a result, the spatial development of new bath space is more malleable. (2) The input of bathing culture has a guiding role in developing the bath industry. The growth of market demand and related industries has a specific influence on the development of the bath industry. (3) Improving the bath industry's adaptability, integration, and service level are feasible to ensure healthy and balanced development. (4) Bathhouses should improve their service system and risk management control during the pandemic.

Sven ILLERIS

The purpose of this contribution is to discuss what roles the different economic sectors, and in particular services activities (the tertiary sector) play in regional develop ment, understood as growth in production, incomes and employment in weakly developed regions. This question is approached in two ways. The contribution first contains a - primarily theoretical - re-examination of the so-called economic base model, which states that services play a passive role in regional development. The discussion leads to substantial modifications of the model. The second approach is more empirical. It will take as its point of departure the proposition - often heard, but rarely examined - that since service activities are more concentrated in big cities than other activities and in recent decades have shown higher growth rates than other economic activities, it follows that the economic development is now pulled towards big city regions. Examined by way of a statistical analysis in Denmark and France, this proposition could not be verified.

Zakaria Bziker

Cryptocurrency is a new economy of transacting value whose use case is undeniable. Its only requirement is to be human, and it is borderless. In Morocco, cryptocurrency is erasing borders and gaining popularity. However, the general public opinion on this new innovation is unclear. This study aims to elucidate the popularity of this technology in the Kingdom by means of a small survey. The present study also investigates areas related to cryptocurrency, such as people’s trust in banks. The results from the survey are contrasted with other countries to obtain a global perspective regarding Morocco’s placement in the cryptocurrency adoption spectrum. The results also suggest that Morocco has the potential to adopt this technology. Notably, 9% of the sample population claim that they have owned, or still own, some sort of cryptocurrency. However, the country faces legal obstructions and financial restrictions that impede the progress of cryptocurrency adoption.

Yi-ping Fang, Jie Fan, Mao-ying Shen et al.

Alfredo Zenen Dominguez Gonzalez, Emanoel Anésio Ferreira, Vandreia Neves Goulart Melo

Esta pesquisa visou identificar os principais fatores condicionantes de vulnerabilidades diante dos possíveis impactos de eventos climáticos nas cidades mato-grossenses de Terra Nova do Norte, Guarantã do Norte, Peixoto de Azevedo e Matupá, situadas na bacia amazônica. Para coletar os dados utilizou-se um questionário semiestruturado, aplicando a amostragem aleatória para selecionar os bairros e a intencional na seleção dos 1.150 domicílios amostrados. Os resultados apontam como principais fatores de vulnerabilidade: nível de escolaridade, presença de crianças e idosos nos domicílios, características construtivas dos imóveis, forma de despejo do esgoto doméstico e consumo de água sem tratamento. Estes últimos contribuem para a incidência de diversas doenças associadas à água e a vetores. Palavras chave: Perigos climáticos. Sistemas urbanos. Vulnerabilidade social.

Diana Martin

Khodarahm Bazzi, Yasin Sayad Salar, Ebrahim Moammare

Objective: One of the most important factors for sustainable development in the Declaration of Agenda is the twenty-one reduction in urban inequality. Therefore, the necessity of recognizing the current status of the indicators of spatial justice and evaluating urban spaces for any physical, economic, and social planning is desirable in order to desirability is inevitable. Methods: The method of this research is descriptive-analytical with the nature of the developmental application that uses spatial-urban planning techniques to identify aspects of spatial-spatial inequalities in the regions of Gorgan. The aim of this study was to analyze and evaluate the spatial distribution of components and indicators of services and facilities within the city to prioritize and enjoy the levels of urban areas of Gorgan. For analysis of urban services data, TOPSIS, Concurrency and Multi-Criterion Optimization (VIKOR), Simple Weighted Weights (SAW) solutions in the Excel spreadsheet software environment, and to achieve one the single result is used in the integration technique. Results:The results of the Topsis technique show that Zone 2 of Zone 2 with the development coefficient (0.5057) ranked first and as the area with Zone 2 and Zone 1 with the development coefficient (0.04117) the last rank Has it These conditions are also apparent for the viqueur technique, so that zone 2 is the most favored region of the 2 with the viquo coefficient (0), and region 2 is the most deprived of the area 1 with the viquo coefficient (1). Conclusion: The integration technique also shows that zones 1 and 2 of area 2 have zones 1 and 2 of the semi-arid zone 3, area 3 of area 3 is low and areas 1, 2 of area 1 and area 3 of area 2 are excluded.

Emna Jedidi

Jason Corburn, I. Karanja

Qian Fang, Tai Qimin, Dingli Zhang et al.

O. Adegun

Green infrastructure plays a critical role in environmentally sustainable urbanization in developing countries. Based on a review of academic outputs, this paper explores green infrastructure in the context of informal urban settlements. It identifies three ways informal settlements are connected to green spaces and natural ecosystems functioning as urban green infrastructure and then shows examples of benefits derived (ecosystem services) by the urban poor from these connections. Undesirable aspects and negative outcomes, regarded as ecosystem disservices, from the connection to natural ecosystems are also pointed out. The potentials of enhancing ecosystem services in terms of improving quality of life and the environment in informal settlements came to the fore. This work contributes to the growing body of knowledge on urban green infrastructure from the perspective of informal settlements in developing countries.

Ren Yang, Yan-sui Liu, H. Long et al.