Hasil untuk "Recreation. Leisure"

S. Iso-Ahola

G. King, Mary Lawm, S. King et al.

Ester Gil-Beltrán, Cristian Coo, Isabella Meneghel et al.

IntroductionThis work is a dual study employing a cross-sectional approach and a diary method to investigate how physical exercise can become a habit. Guided by the Upward Spiral Theory of Lifestyle Change, we examined the role of prioritizing positivity and engaging in physical exercise with others as advantageous resources and their impact on the relational loop of physical exercise behavior, emotions, and engagement.MethodsThe first study involved a sample of 553 participants, and the second study included 146 participants, all of whom were employed and regularly engaged in physical exercise. We utilized structural equation modeling and multilevel analysis for the respective studies.ResultsThe results of the first study indicate that individuals exercise more when they experience higher levels of engagement and positive emotions, particularly when exercising with others and prioritizing positivity. The findings of the second study reveal that prioritizing positivity acts as a precursor to positive emotions during physical exercise, which in turn reinforces the relational loop between emotions and exercise behavior.DiscussionBoth studies conclude that individuals who prioritize positivity experience better psychological wellbeing and higher engagement in physical exercise.

Mustafa Flayih , Hamid Mahdi

The aim of the research is to identify the values of the level of muscular strength of the thighs, as well as to identify the significance of the differences between the pre-tests and the post-tests for the first-class football referees in the Iraqi Premier League. The researchers used the one-group experimental approach for its suitability to the nature of the study problem, and the research sample was from first-class referees in the Iraqi Premier League for the sports season (2022/2023), and their number was (15) referees. They took the comprehensive enumeration method, and special tests were conducted on them in the stadium and the private hall at the Ministry of Youth and Sports Center. After analyzing and discussing the results, the two researchers concluded that there are significant differences between the pre and posttests and in favor of the post tests of the research group because of the preventive exercises in the (isometric) manner and aids to develop the strength and balance of the thigh muscles prepared for this purpose. In this regard, the researchers recommend conducting extensive studies for this group and paying attention to the preventive aspect of referees in order to avoid their exposure to injuries in the thigh muscles, which are among the most common injuries in this group.

A. Sène-Harper, Rasul A. Mowatt, M. Floyd

Public lands and the outdoor opportunities they afford are imbued with a long history of cultural and political contestations between the White settler colonial regime, Black and Native Americans. These contestations are grounded in starkly different values and beliefs systems pertaining to the landscape and human-nature relations. Despite the contestations, whiteness continues to dominate the narratives about public lands and its institutions. Furthermore, the ideology of wilderness - as a place of refuge, the antidote to urban living – remains the main frame of reference to explore outdoor experiences. Thus, as researchers continue to espouse this ideology of wilderness, they effectively suppress the experiences and values that African Americans and other people of color hold towards nature and historically shaped by their social and political realities. The history of slavery, post-slavery and Black dispossession, have conjured up innovative Black diasporic cultural practices of resistance, survival and self-determination. Through hidden outdoor spaces they have forged a culture of resistance, built social structures centered on African traditional practices, and engaged in alternative modes of environmental stewardship. The Black outdoors culture today have roots in this robust legacy of resistance and political struggle for self-determination and provide inspiration for outdoor recreation and environmental education programs that culturally and politically relevant to African Americans. In this paper we engage in an investigation on Black peoples’ political outlook of the outdoors and/or their political outlook on engagement with those spaces both historically and presently. In doing so, we first call attention to the need to critically examine diversity practices designed to accommodate a multi-cultural society and how they contribute to a cultural hegemony. We also review the history of research on outdoor experiences putting into sharper relief the Euro-centric values that dominate the analysis and maintain the cultural power of white racial identities. Finally, pulling from African American literary works, we propose Black-centered interpretations of nature centered on their cultural worldviews and political resistance against hegemonic models of dispossession, abstraction and commodification. The aim here is to advocate for the co-existence of multiple cultural imaginaries of nature defined by the social and political realities of different racialized people, thus responding to the call for different paradigms of outdoor recreation highlighted in this special issue.

Tim Mateer

Outdoor leisure experiences may represent an understudied yet effective pathway to promote connectedness to nature for urban park visitors. In contrast to outdoor recreation, this critical essay argues outdoor leisure more heavily emphasizes eudaimonic sentiments and intrinsic motivation in comparison with the goal-oriented and hedonic nature of outdoor recreation. It is further argued that two specific social psychological constructs, awe and solitude, may be especially useful in promoting leisure experiences in urban outdoor spaces. Relevant philosophical and social psychological literature is reviewed and synthesized to outline how land managers and environmental educators may facilitate experiences of awe and solitude to better promote contexts for experiencing outdoor leisure in urban parks. Specifically, reviewed literature suggests that utilizing the recreation opportunity spectrum framework and co-creative processes may be an effective path forward in better supporting urban park environments that are conducive to awe, solitude, and leisure. The review and synthesis of this research may ultimately guide environmental educators, land managers, and researchers in ways to more effectively support connectedness to nature via outdoor leisure experiences as an outcome for visitors to outdoor urban spaces.

Sae-Hyung Kim, Dong-gwan Cho

Background Leisure satisfaction has been one of primary variables to explain an individual’s choice of leisure and recreational activities’ participation. The Leisure Satisfaction Scale (LSS)-short form has been widely utilized to measure leisure and recreation participants’ satisfaction levels. However, limited research has been studied on the LSS-short form that would provide sufficient evidence to use it to measure individual leisure satisfaction levels. Thus, the purpose of the study was to determine whether the LSS-short form would be appropriate to measure individuals’ leisure satisfaction levels. Method The convenience sampling was used in this study from the south-central United States. The LSS-short form questionnaire was administered to 436 individuals after removing 20 surveys due to incomplete questions. The WINSTEPS computer program was utilized to analyze the Rating scale fit; Item fit; Differential Item Functioning (DIF); and Person-Item map by utilizing Rasch rating scale model. Results The results indicated that the five-point Likert-type LSS-short form was appropriate to utilize. Two of 24 LSS-short form items had overfit or misfit and were eliminated. DIF indicated that all remained 22 items were suitable to measure leisure satisfaction levels. Overall, 22 item were finally selected for the reconstructed version of the LSS-short form. In addition, Person-Item map showed that ability and item difficulty were fit matched. Conclusions As the importance of leisure has been increased, the newly reconstructed LSS-short form would be recommended to evaluate individual leisure satisfaction levels in future studies. Furthermore, leisure and recreation professionals can provide and develop effective leisure activities or programs by measuring individual’s leisure satisfaction level with the new version of LSS-short form.

T. Liechty, Kelsey Lefevour, Andrew Kerins et al.

Abstract:BackgroundResearch has documented that the majority of older adults do not meet the minimum guidelines of physical activity for health benefits and trends in fitness programming highlight the challenge of maintaining long-term participant involvement. Little research, however, has explored the potential for public parks and recreation programs to facilitate on-going participation in leisure-time physical activity.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to explore the elements of a group fitness program that facilitated ongoing participation.MethodsData was collected through interviews with an instructor and 23 students in a group fitness class designed for older adults. The group fitness class was provided through a public parks and recreation agency. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically.ResultsParticipants expressed that their reasons for maintaining participation in the program were largely based on the positive social interactions that it facilitated. Data analysis revealed three themes: 1) participants valued the program as a space for making new friends and for maintaining existing or newly formed relationships; 2) participants valued the program because of its welcoming and non-competitive atmosphere which supported students of all backgrounds and ability levels; 3) as they continued to attend, the program provided participants with a sense of belonging to a community which was meaningful both within and outside the fitness class.ConclusionsFindings highlight the importance of designing programs to address interpersonal motivations and foster community building as a means of promoting on-going engagement among older adults.

Kristina R. Anderson, Eric Knee, Rasul A. Mowatt

Abstract Representation of, and service to, “underrepresented” and “disadvantaged” groups often denote goals sought by leisure researchers and practitioners. The motivations behind these goals are varied, often harkening themes of social justice and equity. As a potential counternarrative to these motivations, the writer Teju Cole, posited the “White-Savior Industrial Complex.” While originally positioned in the context of Western humanitarian aid, Cole’s thesis that White, hegemonic groups seek to do good while also satisfying their own emotional needs can also apply to leisure research and practice. Through parallel analyses employing Cole’s framework, we identify the enactment of White Saviorism in three exemplative leisure practices: (1) international volunteer tourism, (2) diversification efforts in outdoor recreation, and (3) youth development programming in urban communities. Ultimately, our aim is to encourage leisure researchers and practitioners to engage in a critical reflection in how the field pursues equity and social justice work, and to assess conscious and unconscious biases that influence questions asked and services provided.

Yi Chien Jade Ho, David Chang

ABSTRACT Dominant Western cultural narratives of the outdoors imbue ‘natural’ places as sites of recreation, adventure, and respite from an otherwise fast-paced ‘unnatural’ world. This paper explores the seeming lack of racial and ethnic diversity among advocates of outdoor leisure and education in Canada, a characteristic that may reflect the preponderance of white, middle-class constituents in mainstream environmental movements in the West. Through critical discourse analysis, and inquiry into lived experiences, the authors, two immigrant settlers from Taiwan, question the ways that environmental movements project and inscribe white experience by examining the presumed historical and cultural positions which install ‘place’ as an axis for outdoor recreation and education. The authors offer a Taiwanese concept of place, 鄉土 (Xiang-Tu), that engenders both the social and ecological, in hope to broaden the theoretical scope of outdoor leisure studies while mitigating the risk of reinforcing colonialism via privileged perspectives.

J. K. S. Jacobsen, E. Farstad, J. Higham et al.

Abstract The paralysis of global tourism caused by COVID-19 made it possible to conduct a unique and nearly real-time online survey to investigate adaptations and reactions to sudden severe leisure travel restrictions among residents in the Oslo metropolitan area of Norway during the 2020 Easter/spring holiday period. Stress relief, socialising, social bonds and discoveries of local recreation options were important home holiday experiences. Vacation challenges under lockdown included few opportunities for novelty and the chance of liminoid situations – reversal or bracketing of everyday routine existence. The enforced Easter staycation advanced reflections on impending leisure travel, indicating limited opportunities to boost future low-carbon near-home Easter holiday experiences. Path dependencies towards second homes and spatially stretched social obligations, as well as emphasis on freedom of movement, ostensibly constrain vacation travel habit discontinuities at this time of the year.

Alicja Zielkowska, Karol Ciejka, Kamil Rogatko et al.

Background: Tooth loss as a result of trauma most often affects young people, especially in the summer time. Implantation is considered the correct method of proceeding in the case of missing teeth. However, it is not indicated in this age group due to the constantly developing skeletal system and the change in spatial relations in the stomatognathic system. A more favorable, but less likely to be successful, method is replantation, which is more dependent on patient compliance. Objectives: presentation of the clinical procedure in the case of avulsed tooth 21, with particular emphasis on the time and method of providing first aid. Methods: a case report based on an anamnesis and physical examination with the use of medical records, including radiological records, of a 14-year-old boy after an injury. Conclusions: The most important factors determining the success of the replantation procedure are: the time from the injury to contact with the dentist, and storage medium of an avulsed tooth. Both are only dependent on the person who has been injured or the guardian of minors. For this reason, it is important to raise public awareness of first aid in dentistry. Successful replantation of a tooth that has been outside the socket for more than 60 minutes may be associated with complications such as ankylosis or root resorption. However, even in case of the above- mentioned sequelae, the profit and loss balance is favorable, because the replanted tooth prevents bone loss, which is crucial due to future implantation, and the possible development of ankylosis in the developmental age can be treated with the decoronation procedure.

Lauren E. Mullenbach, B. L. Baker

M. Stodolska, K. Shinew, L. N. Camarillo

Abstract This paper reports on the findings of a study that examined constraints on leisure experienced by African American, Latinx and Asian users and nonusers of recreation programs offered by a park district from a mid-size Midwestern community. The objectives of the study were to examine the constraints experienced by people of color and explore differences and similarities in constraints based on race and ethnicity, socio-economic status and user status. Individual and group interviews were conducted with 46 users and nonusers of recreation programs and services of a park district located in central Illinois. The findings revealed that the types and the strength of constraints experienced by the interviewees were related to cost, lack of knowledge of opportunities, transportation, time, programs and facilities, safety concerns, immigrants' context of arrival, and language barriers. Based on the findings, we propose a new ecological model of constraints in which constraints are divided into individual, interpersonal, and context.

A. Rigolon, Mariela Fernandez, Brandon Harris et al.

Abstract Socioeconomic and racial-ethnic inequities in access to recreation settings are widely considered environmental justice (EJ) issues. Researchers in leisure, geography, urban planning, and other disciplines have published important theoretical contributions on EJ related to recreation and parks, but such contributions have not been examined conjointly to identify their broader implications. In this article, we use an integrated definition of EJ that includes distributional, procedural, and interactional justice to connect previous theoretical perspectives on EJ about recreation and parks. First, we present an ecological model of recreation that recognizes EJ. We use the ecological model to systematically analyze the policy, physical, social, and perceived environmental factors and the individual factors that impact marginalized people’s recreation participation. Second, we connect the EJ model to theory-relevant literature about recreation and parks. Third, we present future research areas on EJ for recreation and parks with key implications for advancing justice through policy change.

Hamza Abdul Hussein Khudair, Ali Makki Mahdi

The research aimed at constructing a scale for organizational affiliation in soccer primer league coaches for the season 2020 – 2021 from the players’ point of view as well as identifying the reality of organizational affiliation in soccer primer league coaches from the players’ point of view. The problem of the research lies in the fear of being excluded from the training process and the lack of a scale that measures this type of affiliation. The researchers used the descriptive method on (370) soccer primer league players. The scale consisted of (24) items and after being applied to the subjects, the data was collected and treated using SPSS to conclude significant differences in the organizational affiliation in all fields. The researchers recommended using this scale due to its positive effect for enhancing affiliation in coaches.

Carrie Leonard, Victoria Violo

Acknowledgement of gender disparity in academia has been made in recent years, as have efforts to reduce this inequality. These efforts will be undermined if insufficient numbers of women qualify and are competitive for academic careers. The gender ratio at each graduate degree level has been examined in some studies, with findings suggesting that women’s representation has increased, and in some recent cases, achieved equality. These findings are promising as they could indicate that more women will soon qualify for early-career academic positions. Most of these studies, however, examine a specific—or narrow subset—of academic disciplines. Therefore, it remains unclear if these findings generalize across disciplines. Gambling researchers, and the graduate students they supervise, are a uniquely heterogeneous group representing multiple academic disciplines including health sciences, math, law, psychology, and sociology, among many more. Thus, gambling student researchers are a group who can be examined for gender equality at postgraduate levels, while reducing the impact of discipline specificity evident in previous investigations. The current study examined graduate-level scholarships from one Canadian funding agency (Alberta Gambling Research Institute), awarded from 2009 through 2019, for gender parity independent of academic discipline.

Caroline Rozenholc-Escobar

Para contribuir com os debates sobre as implicações, os atores e os instrumentos geopolíticos do turismo, este artigo trata, em particular, do turismo religioso. Para tanto, baseia-se nos primeiros resultados de uma pesquisa em geografia urbana sobre o papel da indústria turístico-religiosa na formação do espaço israelense-palestino e como instrumento geopolítico do posicionamento de Israel e dos Territórios Palestinos no cenário internacional. A análise é direcionada aos lugares que contribuem para produzir este turismo e as circulações materiais e simbólicas transnacionais das quais esses lugares são objeto. São identificados três tipos de lugares - lugares de peregrinação, lugares de substituição e parques temáticos religiosos - neste campo onde a atração turística continua inabalável, apesar das ocorrências de violência. O artigo mostrará como esses lugares, que são agrupados sob o termo de “lugares de mobilidade”, se articulam e produzem o que se qualificará como “mobilidade dos lugares”.

J. Hubbard, R. Mannell

Alexandru ILIEȘ, Sorin Dacian BUHAȘ

University football has tradition in the Romanian political context. The first teams that made history in amateur and later professional football were founded in the early twentieth century by students who returned to the country after completing their studies abroad. Through this study, based on the experience in already traditional championships such as the British one, we propose a strategy for implementing such a dual system based on professional development and sports in the Romanian academic environment. The existence of 93 public and private universities (in 2020)2 with own specific infrastructure, 22 university centers and about 0.4 million students provide a "fertile ground" for such approach, for competitions with male and female teams. Through specific methods in the field of territorial planning and geography this study presents: the competitive design, the implementation strategy, human resources, infrastructure, spatial models with systemic functionality, etc. Sport in general and football in particular have proven to be the most effective ambassadors of a community, nation or institution etc.