Hasil untuk "Production management. Operations management"

M. Barratt, Thomas Y. Choi, Mei-Lien Li

P. Kleindorfer, K. Singhal, Luk N. VanWassenhove

M. Shaheb, R. Venkatesh, S. Shearer

Sustainable crop production could contribute to feed and fuel for the ever-increasing global population. The use of heavy agricultural machinery has improved the efficiency of farming operations and increased global food production since the 1950s. But their negative impact on soil includes changing soil structure resulting in deteriorating soil productivity and environmental quality is being noticed for several decades. The purpose of this review is to summarize and help to better understand the effect of heavy machinery, tire inflation pressure, and field traffic on soil properties and crop development, yield, and economics of different farming systems published in the last 20 years. Search engines such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, Springer Link, Wiley Online, Taylor & Francis Online, Academia, and Research Gate platforms were used to collect and review the articles. This review includes indexed journals, conference and symposium proceedings, reports, academic presentations, and thesis/dissertations. Soil compaction increases bulk density and soil strength and reduces soil porosity and soil hydraulic properties. Stunted plant root growth due to compaction of soil affects crop growth and development, and yield. Soil compaction resulting from heavy machinery traffic caused a significant crop yield reduction of as much as 50% or even more, depending upon the magnitude and the severity of compaction of the soil. High gross weight vehicles/machinery traffic damages soil structure and soil environment that are critical for sustainable crop production. The use of heavy machinery such as subsoiling for removing soil compaction results in more fuel use, increased use of energy, cost, and sometimes risks of re-compaction, further deteriorating soil conditions and causing additional adverse environmental consequences. The economics of different farming systems affected by soil compaction, potential soil compaction management strategies, and future research needs have also been discussed.

Meng Tian, Y. Chen, Guanghao Tian et al.

Digitalization has become increasingly crucial for manufacturing firms to optimize their production processes and improve operations management. However, the role of digital transformation practices in firms ’ operations improvement is still debated in the extant research. Moreover, there is little quantitative research on analyzing their associations using large data sets. Therefore, a theoretical framework is developed in this study based on a practice-based view (PBV) to demonstrate the relationships between digital transformation practices and firms ’ operational efficiency from three aspects of workforce productivity, physical asset efficiency, and working capital efficiency. Then, the role of industry competition in their relationships is examined. Besides, digital transformation practices are measured using the text analysis method targeting authoritative annual reports to enhance the objectivity and applicability of our quantitative studies. With a large sample of Chinese manufacturing firms from 2016 to 2020, a fixed-effect model is employed to reveal that digital transformation practices have significant and positive impacts on all three aspects of firms ’ operational efficiency. It is further observed that industry competition weakens these positive associations. This study enriches the digitalization literature in operations management and expands the application of PBV by verifying the differentiated relationships between digital transformation practices and operational efficiency at different levels of competition. Furthermore, it provides significant practical implications for both managers and policy-makers to appropriately implement and popularize digital transformation practices under an external competitive context.

J. Holmström, M. Holweg, Benn Lawson et al.

The digitalization of intra-and inter-organizational processes offers significant opportunity for research in the field of operations and supply chain management (OSCM). This essay summarizes the contributions of the special issue articles, highlighting their focus on additive manufacturing and the encapsulation of design and production information in a digital artifact. We conceptualize the digital artifact as containing the digital genes of the associated physical object. Digital encapsulation thus involves the integration of product design information with additional information on how that design is to be translated into a physical object, delivered to the customer, and used. Building on insights from the special issue articles, we identify three pathways by which digital encapsulation affects OSCM practice, as well as theory elaboration and extension. First, digital encapsulation allows each unique digitally encapsulated artifact to be acted on independently by OSCM systems. Second, digital encapsulation enables the redistribution of activities across organizational and geographic landscapes. Third, digital encapsulation facilitates interactivity of the digital artifact with external environment inputs. We conclude with a number of directions for future research.

Daniel Ajiga, Patrick Azuka Okeleke, Samuel Olaoluwa Folorunsho et al.

Software automation is revolutionizing industrial operations by significantly enhancing efficiency, productivity, and operational reliability. This review explores how automation technologies are transforming industrial sectors, focusing on their impact on improving various aspects of industrial operations. Automation software facilitates the streamlining of repetitive and time-consuming tasks by replacing manual processes with automated systems. This shift not only accelerates operational workflows but also reduces the likelihood of human error, leading to more consistent and reliable outcomes. Key areas where software automation has made substantial contributions include production line management, inventory control, and quality assurance. In production environments, automation software optimizes manufacturing processes by integrating realtime data analysis and machine learning algorithms. This enables predictive maintenance, where potential equipment failures are identified before they occur, minimizing downtime and extending machinery lifespan. Additionally, automated inventory management systems improve stock control by tracking inventory levels and adjusting orders dynamically, ensuring that resources are efficiently allocated and reducing excess inventory. Quality assurance is another critical area where software automation excels. Automated inspection systems use advanced sensors and imaging technologies to detect defects and ensure product standards are met. This realtime monitoring capability allows for immediate corrective actions, reducing waste and enhancing product quality. The integration of automation software in industrial operations also fosters improved datadriven decisionmaking. By leveraging data analytics and reporting tools, businesses can gain insights into operational performance, identify inefficiencies, and make informed decisions to enhance productivity and profitability. However, implementing software automation requires careful consideration of system integration, employee training, and change management. Addressing these challenges is crucial for maximizing the benefits of automation and ensuring a smooth transition from traditional practices. In conclusion, software automation is a powerful catalyst for improving industrial operations and efficiency. Its ability to enhance productivity, reduce errors, and optimize resource management positions it as a key driver of industrial innovation and competitiveness. Continued advancements in automation technologies promise further improvements in operational excellence and overall industrial performance.

Midor Łukasz, Olszyna Grzegorz, Rokita Tomasz et al.

This article discusses issues related to tower cranes, a group of lifting machines used in the construction industry. Vertical transport on a building site is of paramount importance, accounting for approximately 50% of all construction works. Currently, the tower crane is one of the most efficient lifting machines used in construction. It occupies minimal space on the construction site and allows for the fastest possible delivery of materials directly from the storage area to work stations, regardless of the route. This article focuses on the issues related to these devices, limiting the scope to the analysis of the rope system. The use of steel ropes in the hoisting mechanism is crucial for the reliable operation of tower cranes. The basic technical data and construction of a selected crane model chosen for the study are presented. The properties and characteristics of steel ropes used in such systems, as well as criteria for their retirement, are discussed. Subsequently, a method for modelling the rope system and simulating its operation is introduced. The use of computational tools to model the rope bending process in the hoisting mechanism allows for identifying critical points along the rope under specific operating conditions. Selected simulation results are presented in the form of tables and graphs, highlighting the areas most susceptible to wear in this type of rope mechanisms. The article concludes with practical recommendations that may enhance interest in the described method. According to the authors, the method is innovative and promising. Its application can contribute to extending the service life of ropes, facilitating procedures for monitoring their condition, and improving the safety of their use.

Mostafa Moghadami Rad, Vahid Rizvandi

Extended Abstract Background: In recent decades, the escalating impacts of climate change, coupled with increasing anthropogenic pressures particularly in forest ecosystems—have raised significant concerns regarding the degradation of vital natural resources, such as soil and water. Among these pressures, logging operations, especially timber extraction via skid trails, result in substantial physical disturbances to the soil structure and surface hydrological behavior. These activities, create conditions conducive to enhanced surface erosion and runoff generation through soil compaction, reduction of vegetative cover, and increased effective slope. Hydrological and geomorphological processes, such as the transformation of rainfall into runoff and sediment transport, are strongly influenced by soil properties, slope gradient, rainfall intensity, and land-use practices. Consequently, examining both the individual and interactive effects of these factors, particularly in ecologically sensitive forested regions, is essential for formulating sustainable land management strategies. This study aims to quantitatively and qualitatively assess the influence of soil properties and slope gradients on runoff generation, sediment yield, and rill erosion along skid trails in Compartments 106 and 107 of the Loohe Forest Management Plan in northern Iran. The research endeavors to enhance our understanding of the environmental implications of timber extraction and provide a scientific foundation for the sustainable management of soil and water resources. Methods: To meet the study objectives, the skid trails were categorized into five slope classes: less than 5%, 5–10%, 10–15%, 15–20%, and 20–25%. Three treatment types: (1) wheel track (machinery path), (2) trail centerline, and (3) undisturbed control area (natural forest without anthropogenic interference) were identified within each slope class. Soil samples were collected at three depths (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–30 cm) from each treatment using steel cylinders. Physical soil parameters, including texture, bulk density, porosity, and gravimetric moisture content, as well as chemical properties (such as organic matter content and electrical conductivity), were analyzed in this research. To simulate hydrological processes, a rainfall simulator was employed to deliver precipitation at an intensity of 65 mm/h for 30 min, reflecting a 10-year return interval for the region. Hydrological and erosional variables, including runoff volume, time to runoff initiation, runoff coefficient, sediment concentration and yield, and rill dimensions (depth and width), were measured and recorded after simulated rainfall application. Statistical analysis of the data was conducted using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and mean comparison tests at a 5% significance level to evaluate both main and interaction effects. Results: The results indicated statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) among treatments (wheel track, trail center, and control) and slope classes for most of the measured variables, including runoff volume, sediment yield and concentration, runoff coefficient, runoff initiation time, and rill erosion intensity. The highest values of runoff and sediment yield were recorded in the wheel track treatment, identified as the most compacted and disturbed area due to repeated machinery traffic, particularly on slopes exceeding 20%. In contrast, the control plots, characterized by natural vegetation and the absence of mechanical disturbance, exhibited the lowest values across all variables. Soil compaction in the wheel tracks, evidenced by increased bulk density and reduced porosity, resulted in a marked decrease in infiltration capacity, thereby promoting increased surface runoff. The interaction between soil properties and slope gradient significantly influenced the hydrological and erosional responses; steeper slopes amplified the negative effects of soil compaction on runoff and sediment production. Moreover, runoff volume demonstrated greater responsiveness to environmental changes compared to sediment yield, reacting more rapidly and directly to alterations in physical conditions. This suggests that runoff may serve as a reliable early indicator for identifying areas at risk of erosion in disturbed forest environments. Conclusion: The findings of this study underscore that timber extraction via skid trails significantly alters soil physical characteristics due to mechanical compaction and, when combined with steep slopes, exacerbates runoff, sediment generation, and rill erosion processes. The wheel track treatment emerged as the most vulnerable area hydrologically and erosively due to its elevated soil compaction. These results highlight the urgent need to reevaluate the planning and implementation of skid trails, advocating for protective measures, such as revegetation, mechanical soil stabilization, slope limitation, and designated routes for machinery movement. Ultimately, this research provides a scientific basis for the development of technical guidelines aimed at promoting sustainable forest management and conserving natural resources in mountainous regions. The outcomes may serve as a valuable resource for forest managers, natural resource engineers, and policymakers.

Md. Shamsul Islam, Md. Arif-Uz-Zaman Polash, Md. Hakimul Haque

This pioneering study in Bangladesh combines phenotypic and genotypic approaches to characterize antibiotic-resistant bacteria in dairy farm wastewater, addressing a critical gap in regional antimicrobial resistance (AMR) research. Dairy farming is integral to global food production, yet the wastewater generated by these operations is a significant source of environmental and public health concerns, particularly in the context of antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to isolate and identify antibiotic-resistant bacteria from dairy farm wastewater and evaluate their antibiogram profiles to inform effective management strategies. A total of 60 wastewater samples were collected and subjected to conventional bacterial characterization, followed by molecular detection via PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The study identified Pseudomonas aeruginosa (35%), Escherichia coli (30%), Bacillus subtilis (16.67%), and Acinetobacter junii (8.33%) as the predominant bacterial species. Sequencing results demonstrated high compatibility with reference sequences, confirming the identities of the isolates. Antibiogram analysis revealed significant resistance patterns: P. aeruginosa exhibited the highest resistance to penicillin (85.71%) and amoxicillin (76.19%), while demonstrating greater sensitivity to ciprofloxacin and cotrimoxazole. E. coli showed notable resistance to penicillin (88.89%), amoxicillin, and ceftriaxone, while B. subtilis and A. junii also demonstrated high levels of resistance to multiple antibiotics. Notably, a substantial proportion of the isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR), with MAR indices ranging from 0.37 to 0.75. Moreover, several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) including penA, blaTEM, blaCTX−M, tetA, tetB, tetC, and ermB were detected across the bacterial species, with high prevalence rates in P. aeruginosa and A. junii, suggesting the potential for horizontal gene transfer and further spread of resistance. These findings underscore the critical need for a One Health approach to mitigate the risks posed by antibiotic-resistant bacteria in dairy farm wastewater, emphasizing the critical importance of responsible antibiotic use and sustainable farming practices to protect public health and environmental integrity.

Sujová Erika, Vysloužilová Daniela

In today’s highly competitive business environment, enhancing the efficiency of manufacturing processes is of critical importance. This research focuses on the application of the SMED methodology to increase the efficiency of the changeover process of a CNC machining center. The core of the study is a detailed analysis of the current state of production and changeover procedures on a selected machine. The process was monitored using video analysis of work operations. Based on this analysis, internal and external changeover activities were identified, and by eliminating inefficient steps, a set of improvement measures was proposed. As a result, a standardized changeover procedure was developed to optimize the overall process duration and improving maintenance systems. The final part of the study presents the outcomes of the improvement, expressed through reduced changeover time, along with a proposed economic evaluation of the implemented optimization measures.

Subodha Kumar, Rakesh R. Mallipeddi

The new age economy is primarily driven by Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0, which facilitate smartification of organizations by helping them integrate and automate decision making. Recent advances in information and communication technologies, such as the cloud, big data, Internet of things, and artificial intelligence and nanotechnology, have accelerated the adoption of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0. Because of these advancements, organizations are now facing new challenges in the form of cybersecurity risks that are partly caused by these technologies. In recent years, there has been a spike in the number of cyberattacks, and organizations are taking steps to minimize the impacts of these attacks. To address this critical issue, in this article, we discuss possible future research directions that production and operations management (POM) researchers can undertake to help organizations, supply chains, and governments develop robust strategies for reducing the number of attacks and their repercussions. In particular, we identify several avenues for future research in the following domains of POM: (1) global operations strategy, (2) healthcare operations management, (3) public policy, (4) management of technology, (5) supply chain management, and (6) disruptive technologies. Research on the topic of cybersecurity is not only an opportunity for operations management researchers but also critical for industry and society to overcome the challenges of cybersecurity risks.

J. Njuguna, Shohel Siddique, Lorraine Bakah Kwroffie et al.

Operational discharges from oil and gas exploration industry, accidental spillage, or improperly disposed drilling wastes has serious detrimental effects on human and the environment. The water- and oil-based fluids wastes are generated every year all over the world and remain a serious challenge in compliance with the requirements of zero discharge for the oil and gas industry. To meet environmental regulations, sustainable and effective waste management is critical yet mostly missing in the oil and gas industry. This work aims to provide the current state of art in drilling waste (drill cuttings and drilling fluids). An overview of the drilling fluid waste is first provided followed by its characteristics, environmental concerned constituents in this waste stream are then explored while considering the current waste management efforts. Environmental and regulatory issues regarding drilling waste and the shortcomings of regulations are also discussed. The work sums up with a perspective future trends on drilling waste management, opportunities and challenges ahead including the potential for recycling and re-use of waste drilling fluids and cuttings for commercial products development. There are opportunities for waste valorisation especially in raw materials recovery for valuable products utilisation rather than incurring burden to the environment.

Mesjasz-Lech Agata, Kemendi Ágnes, Michelberger Pál

The article aims (1) to evaluate material flows in the manufacturing process reflecting the level of circular manufacturing of European Union countries and (2) to estimate the relationship between the level of circular manufacturing and the volume of e-waste put on the market, illustrating the implementation effect of Industry 5.0 technologies. A systematic country classification was created according to development conditions for environmentally sustainable enterprises and trends in e-waste volumes. Multidimensional data analysis and the linear ordering method were used to achieve the research objectives. The dynamics of changes in the identified variables were analysed using dynamics indexes and the average annual rate of change. Relationships were estimated using Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient. The main research result is the estimated synthetic development measure illustrating the level of circular manufacturing in the context of material flows. Significant differences were observed between the synthetic development measure values representing the level of circular manufacturing in European Union countries. This means countries’ circular manufacturing levels are significantly higher than others. Moreover, the values of correlation coefficients were estimated between the level of circular manufacturing and the volume of e-waste put on the market and between the average annual rate of change of the synthetic development measure and the average annual rate of change of the e-waste volume. The coefficient values do not confirm a statistically significant relationship between the indicated variables. Most countries have average conditions for developing environmentally sustainable businesses, but at the same time, they show negative trends in the volume of e-waste generated.

Ji Hoon Kim, Myungshin Im, Hyung Mok Lee et al.

Center for the Gravitational-Wave Universe at Seoul National University has been operating its main observational facility, the 7-Dimensional Telescope (7DT) since October 2023. Located at El Sauce Observatory in Chilean Rio Hurtado Valley, 7DT consists of 20 50-cm telescopes equipped with 40 medium-band filters of 25 nm full width at half maximum along with a CMOS camera of 61 megapixels. 7DT produces about 1 TB per night of spectral mapping image data including calibration, and the byproduct of the data reduction pipeline once our planned three layered surveys (Reference Imaging Survey, Wide Field Survey, and Intensive Monitoring Survey) start in 2024. We are expecting to generate 1 PB per year by combining raw data, reduced data, and data products (e.g. calibrated stacked images, spectral cubes, and object catalogs). To incorporate this huge amount of data, we now have a data storage for 1 PB which we will increment by 1 PB per year. We also have a high-performance computation facility that is equipped with 2 NVIDIA A100 GPU cards since we plan to carry out real-time data reduction and analysis for follow-up observation data of gravitational wave events. To incorporate this, we established a 400 Mbps network connection between the facilities in Korea and Chile. Taking advantage of the high-performance network, we have been carrying out fully remote operations since October 2023. In this talk, we present details of designing, planning, and executing the ground-based telescope facility project, especially within low-budget academic environments. While we cover as much ground as possible, we will emphasize human resource management, project risk management, and financial contingency management.

Varun Tripathi, S. Chattopadhyaya, A. Mukhopadhyay et al.

The production management system in Industry 4.0 is emphasizes the improvement of productivity within limited constraints by sustainable production planning models. To accomplish this, several approaches are used which include lean manufacturing, kaizen, smart manufacturing, flexible manufacturing systems, cyber–physical systems, artificial intelligence, and the industrial Internet of Things in the present scenario. These approaches are used for operations management in industries, and specifically productivity maximization with cleaner shop floor environmental management, and issues such as worker safety and product quality. The present research aimed to develop a methodology for cleaner production management using lean and smart manufacturing in industry 4.0. The developed methodology would able to enhance productivity within restricted resources in the production system. The developed methodology was validated by production enhancement achieved in two case study investigations within the automobile manufacturing industry and a mining machinery assembly unit. The results reveal that the developed methodology could provide a sustainable production system and problem-solving that are key to controlling production shop floor management in the context of industry 4.0. It is also capable of enhancing the productivity level within limited constraints. The novelty of the present research lies in the fact that this type of methodology, which has been developed for the first time, helps the industry individual to enhance production in Industry 4.0 within confined assets by the elimination of several problems encountered in shop floor management. Therefore, the authors of the present study strongly believe that the developed methodology would be beneficial for industry individuals to enhance shop floor management within constraints in industry 4.0.

Marinković Veljko, Lazarević Jovana, Marić Dražen

Background: The new circumstances of life due to the proclamation of the COVID 19 virus pandemic have caused numerous changes both in general people's lives and in consumption. Purpose: The aim of this paper is to identify changes in the degree of consumer ethnocentrism when choosing products during the COVID 19 virus pandemic, compared to the period before its occurrence. In addition, differences in consumer preferences for certain domestic products and services before and during the pandemic were analyzed. The paper also deals with differences in ethnocentric tendencies during the pandemic between different socio-demographic consumer segments. Study design/methodology/approach: The primary data were collected from 176 respondents by using the survey method. A paired samples t test is used for hypotheses testing. Independent samples t test and Anova, post hoc Scheffe test, were conducted for analysing differences in ethnocentric tendencies between observed consumer segments during the pandemic. Findings/conclusions: Higher level of consumer ethnocentrism is confirmed in period during the pandemic, especially when it comes to choice of domestic medical products. On the other hand, lower level of consumer ethnocentrism is observed for fashion products and insurance during the pandemic. Older consumers and pensioners exhibit stronger ethnocentric tendencies during the pandemic. Limitations/future research: The main limitation of the paper relates to the use of only a few of the 17 statements within the CET scale for measuring ethnocentric tendencies before and during the pandemic. Also, the research did not cover all categories of domestic products and services. According to the limitations, future studies are recommended to fully apply the CET scale for measuring consumer ethnocentrism. Also, the recommendation is to observe higher number of categories of products and services, and to break down the categories into several subcategories. Finally, future studies can also include some of the determinants of consumer ethnocentrism in the research model.

Zhenglong Li, Hejun Huang, Vincent Tam

Reinforcement learning (RL) based investment strategies have been widely adopted in portfolio management (PM) in recent years. Nevertheless, most RL-based approaches may often emphasize on pursuing returns while ignoring the risks of the underlying trading strategies that may potentially lead to great losses especially under high market volatility. Therefore, a risk-manageable PM investment framework integrating both RL and barrier functions (BF) is proposed to carefully balance the needs for high returns and acceptable risk exposure in PM applications. Up to our understanding, this work represents the first attempt to combine BF and RL for financial applications. While the involved RL approach may aggressively search for more profitable trading strategies, the BF-based risk controller will continuously monitor the market states to dynamically adjust the investment portfolio as a controllable measure for avoiding potential losses particularly in downtrend markets. Additionally, two adaptive mechanisms are provided to dynamically adjust the impact of risk controllers such that the proposed framework can be flexibly adapted to uptrend and downtrend markets. The empirical results of our proposed framework clearly reveal such advantages against most well-known RL-based approaches on real-world data sets. More importantly, our proposed framework shed lights on many possible directions for future investigation.

Mayra Samaniego, Ralph Deters

Security and privacy are primary concerns in IoT management. Security breaches in IoT resources, such as smart sensors, can leak sensitive data and compromise the privacy of individuals. Effective IoT management requires a comprehensive approach to prioritize access security and data privacy protection. Digital twins create virtual representations of IoT resources. Blockchain adds decentralization, transparency, and reliability to IoT systems. This research integrates digital twins and blockchain to manage access to IoT data streaming. Digital twins are used to encapsulate data access and view configurations. Access is enabled on digital twins, not on IoT resources directly. Trust structures programmed as smart contracts are the ones that manage access to digital twins. Consequently, IoT resources are not exposed to third parties, and access security breaches can be prevented. Blockchain has been used to validate digital twins and store their configuration. The research presented in this paper enables multitenant access and customization of data streaming views and abstracts the complexity of data access management. This approach provides access and configuration security and data privacy protection.

Changsheng You, Yunpu Zhang, Chenyu Wu et al.

Extremely large-scale arrays (XL-arrays) have emerged as a promising technology to achieve super-high spectral efficiency and spatial resolution in future wireless systems. The large aperture of XL-arrays means that spherical rather than planar wavefronts must be considered, and a paradigm shift from far-field to near-field communications is necessary. Unlike existing works that have mainly considered far-field beam management, we study the new near-field beam management for XL-arrays. We first provide an overview of near-field communications and introduce various applications of XL-arrays in both outdoor and indoor scenarios. Then, three typical near-field beam management methods for XL-arrays are discussed: near-field beam training, beam tracking, and beam scheduling. We point out their main design issues and propose promising solutions to address them. Moreover, other important directions in near-field communications are also highlighted to motivate future research.