Hasil untuk "Music"

W. Dowling

R. Zatorre, Joyce L. Chen, V. Penhune

R. Zatorre, P. Belin, V. Penhune

Laura Navarro, Laura Navarro, Laura Navarro et al.

Brain damage (BD) caused by stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), or neurodegenerative conditions often results in persistent cognitive, motor, and emotional impairments. Music-based interventions (MI) have been explored as adjunctive rehabilitation strategies; however, the evidence remains fragmented. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesize available research on the effects of MI on functional recovery following BD, due to acquired brain injury (ABI), including both TBI and non-TBI. From a total of 868 publications screened in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov, 90 were included, of which 41 met the criteria for quantitative evaluation and meta-analysis, to assess the state-of-the-art of research on music and BD in the fields of neuropsychology and cognitive sciences. The reviewed studies span a range of methodologies, including randomized controlled trials and qualitative research, and incorporate diverse MI strategies, such as active music-making, structured listening, and improvisational techniques. The findings indicate that music supports recovery across motor, cognitive, and, albeit to a lesser extent, communicative and psychosocial domains. The findings suggest beneficial effects of MI, particularly in gait function (z = 3.46, P < 0.01), upper extremity function (z = 6.11, P < 0.01; UEF), communication (z = 3.21, P < 0.01), cognitive rehabilitation (z = 3.29, P < 0.01), and emotional, behavioral, and social outcomes (z = 2.35, P = 0.02); notably, these effects were often supported by consistent statistical significance across multiple subgroup analyses (e.g., gait, UEF). This study highlights the therapeutic potential of music in neurorehabilitation and supports its integration into multidisciplinary treatment programs. Despite these promising findings, methodological heterogeneity, small sample sizes, and short intervention durations limit the generalizability of results. The evidence suggests that music may modulate key neurobiological pathways in BD, supporting its integration into evidence-based neurorehabilitation programs.

Mianzhi Wang, A. Nehorai

Sparse linear arrays, such as coprime arrays and nested arrays, have the attractive capability of providing enhanced degrees of freedom. By exploiting the coarray structure, an augmented sample covariance matrix can be constructed and MUtiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) can be applied to identify more sources than the number of sensors. While such a MUSIC algorithm works quite well, its performance has not been theoretically analyzed. In this paper, we derive a simplified asymptotic mean square error (MSE) expression for the MUSIC algorithm applied to the coarray model, which is applicable even if the source number exceeds the sensor number. We show that the directly augmented sample covariance matrix and the spatial smoothed sample covariance matrix yield the same asymptotic MSE for MUSIC. We also show that when there are more sources than the number of sensors, the MSE converges to a positive value instead of zero when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) goes to infinity. This finding explains the “saturation” behavior of the coarray-based MUSIC algorithms in the high-SNR region observed in previous studies. Finally, we derive the Cramér-Rao bound for sparse linear arrays, and conduct a numerical study of the statistical efficiency of the coarray-based estimator. Experimental results verify theoretical derivations and reveal the complex efficiency pattern of coarray-based MUSIC algorithms.

Hakan Ertep, A. Küşad Terci, Sevcan Sönmez

Tire Bandosu, 1923 yılında Tire’de kurulmuş, Cumhuriyet tarihinin ilk bandolarından birisidir. Yüzüncü yaşını doldurmuş olan bando her cuma akşamüstü bayrak töreni için Tire meydanında çalmakta, resmi bayramlarda ve törenlerde görevlerini yerine getirmektedir. 1923 yılında kurtuluş savaşı sonunda Yunan işgali biter. Tire’deki işgal kuvvetleri hızlı bir şekilde kaçarken, kendilerine ait bando enstrümanlarını askeri karargâh olarak kullandıkları Kurtuluş okulda bırakıp giderler. Savaştan yeni dönmüş olan Tireli Ali Başargan, İngiliz esiriyken Mısır’da askeri bandoda müzik eğitimi almış olduğundan, bu enstrümanları bulduklarında Tire’de bando kurmaya karar verir. Enstrümanları çalmayı bilen üç savaş gazisi Tireli, Ali Başargan, Demirci Mehmet Çavuş ve Berber Mehmet Ali Efendi bu şekilde bandoyu kurarlar ve ardından birçok kişiyi bandoya dahil ederler. Tire Bandosu, kuruluş yılının öneminin yanında, Atatürk'ün 1937'de Nazilli Basma Fabrikası'nı ziyareti sırasında kendisini karşılaması ve 1925’den 1943 yılına kadar her 9 Eylül’de İzmir’in kurtuluşu kutlamalarında görev alması ile tarihi bir değere sahiptir. Ağırlıklı olarak Tire'de yaşayan ve farklı meslek gruplarına ait çalışanlardan, bununla birlikte askeri bandodan emekli olmuş profesyonellerden de oluşan Tire Bandosu, Tire Belediyesinin desteği ile halen aktif bir şekilde hayatına devam etmektedir. Kuruluşunun ilk yıllarından bugüne kadar bandoda yer alan amatör ve profesyonel müzisyenlerin birlikte çalmalarının getirdiği sosyal, kültürel, manevi değerler, aidiyet duygusu, kimlik arayışı gibi olguların incelenmesi bu makalenin temel hedefleri arasında yer almaktadır. Bunların yanında, Tire Bandosu'nun yıllar içinde devamının nasıl sağlandığı, sürekliliğin nasıl oluştuğu ve bunu bir arada tutan sosyolojik faktörlerin neler olduğu da bu araştırmanın önemli bir parçasını oluşturmaktadır. Bu makale betimsel analiz yöntemiyle yazılan detaylı sözlü ve yazılı tarihi kaynaklara ulaşarak bilginin yayılmasını amaçlamaktadır.

Spyros Brezas, Evaggelos Kaselouris, Yannis Orphanos et al.

The complex frequency domain assurance criterion is here applied for the comparison of a pristine to an altered state of a vibrating system. The criterion was originally proposed for the detection of defects in vibrating structures, while in later research studies it has been successfully used in musical acoustics. In this paper, we evaluate the differences in the vibrational behavior of finished and non-finished cymbals by adopting the proposed correlation criterion. Since idiophones are playable and produce sounds after any manufacturing process, the methodology presented correlates the vibrational state of a cymbal, at any stage of manufacturing, to a reference pristine cymbal. The evaluation of the cymbals is performed by the comparison of finished cymbals with semi-finished and blank 8-inch cymbals of the same material. The correlation criterion is applied to the vibrational measurements of blank, semi-finished, and finished B8 and B20 cymbals. Additionally, commercially available finished cymbals of the same material and geometrical characteristics are introduced in this correlation study. The measuring methodology and the vibration symmetry are discussed, and valuable results and conclusions are presented. The proposed methodology highlights the influence of the manufacturing processes of forming, hammering, and finishing on the vibrational behavior of cymbals, offering manufacturers and drummers a quantifiable criterion for evaluating cymbals’ vibroacoustic performance. Representative evaluations of blanks, semi-finished, and finished cymbals demonstrate the capability of the correlation criterion to monitor, identify, and visualize the vibrational state of any cymbal compared to a pristine reference. This enables the development of a novel methodology for both manufacturers and musicians.

G. Sala, F. Gobet

Chess masters and expert musicians appear to be, on average, more intelligent than the general population. Some researchers have thus claimed that playing chess or learning music enhances children’s cognitive abilities and academic attainment. We here present two meta-analyses assessing the effect of chess and music instruction on children’s cognitive and academic skills. A third meta-analysis evaluated the effects of working memory training—a cognitive skill correlated with music and chess expertise—on the same variables. The results show small to moderate effects. However, the effect sizes are inversely related to the quality of the experimental design (e.g., presence of active control groups). This pattern of results casts serious doubts on the effectiveness of chess, music, and working memory training. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings; extend the debate to other types of training such as spatial training, brain training, and video games; and conclude that far transfer of learning rarely occurs.

M. Kaelen, B. Giribaldi, J. Raine et al.

Recent studies have supported the safety and efficacy of psychedelic therapy for mood disorders and addiction. Music is considered an important component in the treatment model, but little empirical research has been done to examine the magnitude and nature of its therapeutic role. The present study assessed the influence of music on the acute experience and clinical outcomes of psychedelic therapy. Semi-structured interviews inquired about the different ways in which music influenced the experience of 19 patients undergoing psychedelic therapy with psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was applied to the interview data to identify salient themes. In addition, ratings were given for each patient for the extent to which they expressed “liking,” “resonance” (the music being experienced as “harmonious” with the emotional state of the listener), and “openness” (acceptance of the music-evoked experience). Analyses of the interviews revealed that the music had both “welcome” and “unwelcome” influences on patients’ subjective experiences. Welcome influences included the evocation of personally meaningful and therapeutically useful emotion and mental imagery, a sense of guidance, openness, and the promotion of calm and a sense of safety. Conversely, unwelcome influences included the evocation of unpleasant emotion and imagery, a sense of being misguided and resistance. Correlation analyses showed that patients’ experience of the music was associated with the occurrence of “mystical experiences” and “insightfulness.” Crucially, the nature of the music experience was significantly predictive of reductions in depression 1 week after psilocybin, whereas general drug intensity was not. This study indicates that music plays a central therapeutic function in psychedelic therapy.

Keunwoo Choi, György Fazekas, Mark B. Sandler et al.

In this paper, we present a transfer learning approach for music classification and regression tasks. We propose to use a pre-trained convnet feature, a concatenated feature vector using the activations of feature maps of multiple layers in a trained convolutional network. We show how this convnet feature can serve as general-purpose music representation. In the experiments, a convnet is trained for music tagging and then transferred to other music-related classification and regression tasks. The convnet feature outperforms the baseline MFCC feature in all the considered tasks and several previous approaches that are aggregating MFCCs as well as low- and high-level music features.

H. Datta, George Knox, Bart J. Bronnenberg

Yandre M. G. Costa, Luiz Oliveira, C. Silla

Petter Stigar

Harald Sæverud (1897–1992) var hele sitt liv en omdiskutert komponist, men ikke desto mindre en av Norges fremste. I denne artikkelen belyses hans siste store verk, nemlig Keiser og Galilæer (1986) for orkester og kor. Ettersom det bygger på Ibsens skuespill av samme navn, kastes det dessuten lys over musikkens rolle i Ibsens dramatikk. I motsetning til Ibsens mer populære skuespill er Kejser og Galilæer et anliggende for spesielt interesserte. Den som ikke har et visst kjennskap til stykket, forstår lite av Sæveruds musikk. Artikkelen inkluderer derfor en gjennomgang av handlingsforløpet med fokus på tekstens musikalske muligheter. I artikkelen blir det vist hvordan skuespillets bærende idé, kampen mellom kristendom og hedendom, uttrykkes gjennom klare musikalske kontraster. Det antydes videre hvordan Keiser og Galilæer avspeiler ulike sider ved Sæveruds eiendommelige, kunstneriske personlighet, og at verket av denne grunn kan betraktes som kronen på komponistens livsverk.

N. Daykin, L. Mansfield, C. Meads et al.

Aims: The role of arts and music in supporting subjective wellbeing (SWB) is increasingly recognised. Robust evidence is needed to support policy and practice. This article reports on the first of four reviews of Culture, Sport and Wellbeing (CSW) commissioned by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)-funded What Works Centre for Wellbeing (https://whatworkswellbeing.org/). Objective: To identify SWB outcomes for music and singing in adults. Methods: Comprehensive literature searches were conducted in PsychInfo, Medline, ERIC, Arts and Humanities, Social Science and Science Citation Indexes, Scopus, PILOTS and CINAHL databases. From 5,397 records identified, 61 relevant records were assessed using GRADE and CERQual schema. Results: A wide range of wellbeing measures was used, with no consistency in how SWB was measured across the studies. A wide range of activities was reported, most commonly music listening and regular group singing. Music has been associated with reduced anxiety in young adults, enhanced mood and purpose in adults and mental wellbeing, quality of life, self-awareness and coping in people with diagnosed health conditions. Music and singing have been shown to be effective in enhancing morale and reducing risk of depression in older people. Few studies address SWB in people with dementia. While there are a few studies of music with marginalised communities, participants in community choirs tend to be female, white and relatively well educated. Research challenges include recruiting participants with baseline wellbeing scores that are low enough to record any significant or noteworthy change following a music or singing intervention. Conclusions: There is reliable evidence for positive effects of music and singing on wellbeing in adults. There remains a need for research with sub-groups who are at greater risk of lower levels of wellbeing, and on the processes by which wellbeing outcomes are, or are not, achieved.

Taoran Tang, Jia Jia, Hanyang Mao

Dance is greatly influenced by music. Studies on how to synthesize music-oriented dance choreography can promote research in many fields, such as dance teaching and human behavior research. Although considerable effort has been directed toward investigating the relationship between music and dance, the synthesis of appropriate dance choreography based on music remains an open problem. There are two main challenges: 1) how to choose appropriate dance figures, i.e., groups of steps that are named and specified in technical dance manuals, in accordance with music and 2) how to artistically enhance choreography in accordance with music. To solve these problems, in this paper, we propose a music-oriented dance choreography synthesis method using a long short-term memory (LSTM)-autoencoder model to extract a mapping between acoustic and motion features. Moreover, we improve our model with temporal indexes and a masking method to achieve better performance. Because of the lack of data available for model training, we constructed a music-dance dataset containing choreographies for four types of dance, totaling 907,200 frames of 3D dance motions and accompanying music, and extracted multidimensional features for model training. We employed this dataset to train and optimize the proposed models and conducted several qualitative and quantitative experiments to select the best-fitted model. Finally, our model proved to be effective and efficient in synthesizing valid choreographies that are also capable of musical expression.

M. Sharda, C. Tuerk, Rakhee Chowdhury et al.

Music has been identified as a strength in people with Autism Spectrum Disorder; however, there is currently no neuroscientific evidence supporting its benefits. Given its universal appeal, intrinsic reward value and ability to modify brain and behaviour, music may be a potential therapeutic aid in autism. Here we evaluated the neurobehavioural outcomes of a music intervention, compared to a non-music control intervention, on social communication and brain connectivity in school-age children (ISRCTN26821793). Fifty-one children aged 6–12 years with autism were randomized to receive 8–12 weeks of music (n = 26) or non-music intervention (n = 25). The music intervention involved use of improvisational approaches through song and rhythm to target social communication. The non-music control was a structurally matched behavioural intervention implemented in a non-musical context. Groups were assessed before and after intervention on social communication and resting-state functional connectivity of fronto-temporal brain networks. Communication scores were higher in the music group post-intervention (difference score = 4.84, P = .01). Associated post-intervention resting-state brain functional connectivity was greater in music vs. non-music groups between auditory and subcortical regions (z = 3.94, P < .0001) and auditory and fronto-motor regions (z = 3.16, P < .0001). Post-intervention brain connectivity was lower between auditory and visual regions in the music compared to the non-music groups, known to be over-connected in autism (z = 4.01, P < .00001). Post-intervention brain connectivity in the music group was related to communication improvement (z = 3.57, P < .0001). This study provides the first evidence that 8–12 weeks of individual music intervention can indeed improve social communication and functional brain connectivity, lending support to further investigations of neurobiologically motivated models of music interventions in autism.

S. Dieleman, Aäron van den Oord, K. Simonyan

Realistic music generation is a challenging task. When building generative models of music that are learnt from data, typically high-level representations such as scores or MIDI are used that abstract away the idiosyncrasies of a particular performance. But these nuances are very important for our perception of musicality and realism, so in this work we embark on modelling music in the raw audio domain. It has been shown that autoregressive models excel at generating raw audio waveforms of speech, but when applied to music, we find them biased towards capturing local signal structure at the expense of modelling long-range correlations. This is problematic because music exhibits structure at many different timescales. In this work, we explore autoregressive discrete autoencoders (ADAs) as a means to enable autoregressive models to capture long-range correlations in waveforms. We find that they allow us to unconditionally generate piano music directly in the raw audio domain, which shows stylistic consistency across tens of seconds.

S. Collins

“Absolute music” names an idea, an aesthetic concept, a regulative construct, a repertoire, and an aspiration. The term also engages a range of broader claims about aesthetic autonomy, or the possibility of aesthetic experience more generally. This chapter investigates how and why the aspiration towards autonomy has seemed so necessary—and so powerfully subversive—for musical thinkers at certain times in history. It traces the entanglements and misalignments of the various meanings and uses of these ideas, and brings these insights into the remit of contemporary debates about music’s ineffability, and its capacity to facilitate resistance and political agency.

Ahmet Elbir, Nizamettin Aydin

Today, music is a very important and perhaps inseparable part of people's daily life. There are many genres of music and these genres are different from each other, resulting in people to have different preferences of music. As a result, it is an important and up-to-date issue to classify music and to recommend people new music in music listening applications and platforms. Classifying music by their genre is one of the most useful techniques used to solve this problem. There are a number of approaches for music classification and recommendation. One approach is based on the acoustic characteristics of music. In this study, a music genre classification system and music recommendation engine, which focuses on extracting representative features that have been obtained by a novel deep neural network model, have been proposed. Acoustic features extracted from these networks have been utilised for music genre classification and music recommendation on a data set.

C. Sedikides, Joost M. Leunissen, T. Wildschut

We provide a narrative review of the nascent literature on the psychological benefits of music-evoked nostalgia. Music is a prevalent and influential source of nostalgia. Music-evoked nostalgia confers approach-oriented psychological benefits in the social domain (by fostering social connectedness), self-oriented domain (by raising self-esteem, instilling a sense of youthfulness, elevating optimism, and enhancing inspiration), and existential domain (by strengthening meaning in life and augmenting self-continuity). Music-evoked nostalgia also confers psychological benefits indirectly. For example, it elevates optimisms by fostering sequentially social connectedness and self-esteem. Also, by fostering social connectedness, it enhances inspiration, strengthens meaning in life, and augments self-continuity. Furthermore, music-evoked nostalgia serves to buffer individuals against discomforting states, such as sadness. We conclude by discussing music-evoked nostalgia in people with dementia, contemplating the role of individual differences and context, considering the possibility that music-evoked nostalgia serves physiological functions, and asking whether familiarity with the music is necessary for the evocation of nostalgia and its ensuing benefits.