Hasil untuk "Museums. Collectors and collecting"

Harold David Galíndez Pérez

Este artículo examina el alcance jurídico, institucional y político del reconocimiento constitucional de la cultura y el patrimonio en Colombia, situando como eje la transformación normativa y el rediseño institucional que siguieron a la Constitución de 1991. A partir de una metodología basada en revisión documental y análisis jurídico-constitucional, el estudio reconstruye los principales desarrollos normativos y examina cómo los principios constitucionales del ámbito cultural se han materializado —o tensionado— en los instrumentos de política pública. Los hallazgos revelan avances significativos, pero también disputas interpretativas y desafíos persistentes en la implementación de la Ley 397 de 1997 y en el rol que asumen los gobiernos locales en la gestión del patrimonio. Más allá del diagnóstico, el artículo propone la necesidad de fortalecer políticas culturales que integren mecanismos efectivos de participación ciudadana y enfoques territoriales sensibles a la diversidad sociocultural del país.

Baydaa Hussain Mutlak, Sadama Said Faraj

Mona Abo Azan

Archaeological excavations have revealed important sites from the prehistoric sites, with the cultural achievements of the early lithic tools of hunters-gatherers in the Palaeolithic, to the emergence of the farmer-village societies in the Neolithic, reaching on to urbanisation and the complex societies of the Chalcolithic. On the other hand, natural landscapes reveal the distribution of prehistoric sites near resources related to open-air lands or in caves. The biggest asset of presenting prehistoric sites is in not only boosting tourism and local economy, but also diversifying cultural activities. This covers not only the preserving and restoration work on the original sites, but also a "Discovery Centre" by creating sites like "Open-air Stand" with a permanent exhibition, as well as indoor and outdoor spaces. These can be dedicated to workshops, conferences and temporary exhibitions, and allows visitors to learn and practice "Early Human Lifestyle" activities. Attracting visitors to prehistoric sites and museums complements the sites with new job opportunities via restaurants, gift shops and bookstores, in order to achieve prosperity and welfare within the partnerships. This paper comes into three directions and depends on the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals "SDGs"; first, analysing the problem and challenges, second a more dynamic design of prehistoric sites, while the third is for the strategy's feasibility, refreshing and possible benchmarks.

Penelope B. Berents, Shane T. Ahyong, Alan A. Myers et al.

James Kenneth Lowry arrived at the Australian Museum in 1976 with a recent PhD from the University of Canterbury, New Zealand, and loads of enthusiasm. He was appointed as Curator of Crustacea, a role that was later changed to Research Scientist, and then Principal Research Scientist. Jim made a huge impact on the study of Crustacea as a taxonomist, editor, and an avid collector. A search of the Marine Invertebrates collection database at the Australian Museum returned 12,790 registered lots collected by Jim. This number will grow as more collections made by Jim are studied and registered. From his retirement in 2015 until his death in 2021, Jim continued his research as a Senior Fellow with the Australian Museum, still writing papers and dreaming up new research questions. He believed in the importance of good taxonomy, encouraged students and developed collaborations with both fledgling and experienced research scientists. It was Jim’s collaborative and friendly nature that encouraged visitors from around the world to come to the Australian Museum to work on Crustacea and add to the collections, not just in the Amphipoda but other groups, such as cumaceans, ostracods, decapods, isopods, and mysids. The response to the call for papers for this volume in memory of Jim is indicative of his influence. Six of the papers are by former students and papers have been contributed by authors around the world describing research and new taxa of amphipods, mysids, and decapods. Fourteen new species are named in Jim’s honour. Many of the authors have used Delta (DEscription Language for Taxonomy) databases in preparing their contributions. Jim was a keen advocate of DELTA, conducting workshops around the world where he promoted and encouraged the use of Delta databases to improve the rigour of taxonomic descriptions and ease of handling taxonomic data. It is fitting that Jim’s memorial volume be published in Records of the Australian Museum. He was Editor of the Records (as we often referred to it) for 15 years from 1983 and introduced a new style with double columns and large format to update the journal. The range of papers published in this volume is testimony to Jim’s influence in carcinology around the world.

Raquel Henriques da Silva

Märit Simonsson

This article examines authenticity in relation to exhibitions about films and television series and the objects they contain, defined here as fiction exhibitions and fiction objects. The study is based on an analysis of Game of Thrones: The Touring Exhibition. Material and constructed authenticity are examined and used in the analysis. It is concluded that the exhibition relates to both categories of authenticity, as it contains authentic material from the production of the series and constructs authenticity by emphasizing the fiction objects’ value. The value of objects is also discussed in relation to the representation of different fictional cultures in the exhibition. Comparing exhibitions and objects of fiction with exhibitions and objects of cultural history, the paper concludes that their authentic qualities are similar, confirming that fiction exhibitions and objects are no less authentic than exhibitions and objects in established museums.

Livia Gaby Costa, Cybelle Salvador Miranda

A arquitetura, na história da humanidade, apresenta-se vinculada à trajetória de vida dos seres humanos. A tipologia arquitetônica das instituições assistenciais, representam, nesse viés, documentos, testemunhos materiais dos convívios sociais de culturas e épocas distintas, cujo apagamento conduz ao silenciamento de importantes  testemunhos. No caso dos hospitais de isolamento, sua destruição enterra também as vozes nunca ouvidas, que poderiam narrar as experiências de dor vividas nestes locais. Este é o caso do Sanatório Domingos Freire, primeiro sanatório da cidade de Belém, inaugurado em 1901 e demolido em 1959. Testemunho material silenciado, o espaço de “morte certa” representou, não só um ambiente de separação, como a disposição higienista entre “limpo e sujo”, carregando em seu traçado arquitetônico, importantes fontes de compreensão da arquitetura assistencial. Neste estudo, busca-se trazer à tona os documentos escritos e iconográfi cos que proporcionem o entendimento de seus funcionamentos e o papel deste para a assistência às epidemias na cidade de Belém.

André Bargão, Rodrigo Banha da Silva, Sara Ferreira et al.

Fundado em 1492, o Hospital Real de Todos-os-Santos revelou-se paradigmático em Portugal no que à assistência diz respeito. Inovador nos mais diversos campos merece especial atenção a inspiração arquitetónica renascentista, que se traduziu em novos hábitos no quotidiano hospitalar. De planta cruciforme e integrando quatro pátios, a água esteve presente através de, pelo menos, quatro estruturas hidráulicas/poços, cada uma afecta a um claustro e, consequentemente, às suas dependências térreas, no decorrer dos quase três séculos de funcionamento deste grande complexo público. Este texto analisa as estruturas hidráulicas do Hospital Real de Todos-os-Santos descobertas aquando das intervenções arqueológicas na Praça da Figueira na década de 60 e em 1999-2001, integradas nos vários momentos de reformulação arquitetónica do edifício, estudados no âmbito do projeto «Hospital Real de Todos-os-Santos: a Cidade e a Saúde». Além de elemento vital para o seu funcionamento, estas estruturas são um espelho de hábitos e atribuições funcionais dos espaços envolventes.

Gry Bang-Andersen

Sammendrag Før fotografiet ble allment utbredt på slutten av 1800-tallet var det å lage tegninger, trykk eller malerier den enkleste måten å avbilde et fartøy på. En sjanger fartøybilder kalles skipsportrett eller skutemaleri, og det er disse maleriene denne artikkelen tar for seg. På museene fungerer maleriene som representasjoner som skal belyse forhold som rederitilhørighet, rigging eller tonnasje, siden selve fartøyene har vært for store til å stilles ut. Men når skipsportrettene bare presenteres som representasjoner av skip, kan man gå glipp av andre dimensjoner av maleriene. En slik dimensjon er hva bildene kan ha betydd for ulike aktører i ulike sammenhenger. I denne artikkelen anlegges et kulturanalytisk perspektiv for å gi en kulturell og historisk kontekstualisering av skipsportrettet. De ulike meningsinnhold maleriet kan romme blir undersøkt, og skipsportrettets potensielle betydning for sjøfolk og sjømannsfamilier drøftes. Videre blir det undersøkt hvordan meningsinnholdet kan ha skiftet med skipsportrettenes forflytning i tid og rom. I artikkelen følges maleriene fra den private sfæren i sjømannens hjem, til den offentlige sfæren i en skipperforenings galleri og videre som objekt på et sjøfartsmuseum.

Małgorzata Gałęziowska

<p>The purpose of this text is to review and conduct preliminary analysis of visitor evaluations of the museum offer with particular emphasis on their views on exhibitions. This will help identify the needs of the museum guests and make an attempt to determine the mechanisms for constructing a hierarchy of the importance of their expectations regarding museum activities. The term «opinion» in the title has been used as the equivalent of a judgment that is not necessarily substantive not necessarily formulated on the basis of the knowledge of the subject. It is based on strong, first impression caused by a museum visit. The value, in turn, is defined here as something precious, in the context of the organization and in relation to what is socially expected, defined as «this should be», and what is good. This is the value that is determined by the type of social mentality, and at the same time recognizing what has the characteristics of autotelic validity. It applies to the civic, aesthetic and organizational dimension. Values take the form of not always explicitly expressed preferences, interests, norms. The value indicator is any offer assessment included in the guest notes entered in the exhibition book in Museum Varmia and Masuria in Olsztyn.</p>

Damian Kasprzyk

Bužeková Tatiana

The paper presents the analysis of ethnographic research in a village in eastern Slovakia. My aim is to consider the narratives of people from countryside who witnessed socialist period and to present their view of land which they cultivated. I explore two sources: people’s life stories; and a local chronicle which was written during the 1960s. I argue that (1) both kinds of narratives serve as cultural tools for members of a collective as they recount the past in certain context; (2) in this, expression of moral emotions indicates narrative conventions related to social norms. I demonstrate that the semi-official context of the local chronicle demands expression of moral emotions in evaluation of the big-scale political events, but the chroniclers are rather cautious in assessment of local people’s behaviour. On the other side, in informal settings people summarize life periods using moral terms and freely express positive as well as negative attitudes toward other people and social conditions, to make sense of the past events in relation to the present time. Thus, the language of emotions indicates the specific narrative context as well as social rules. At the same time, emotional expressions should be read considering a narrator’s personality and social background; in this, the local historical and cultural setting is essential.

Roberto Lorenzo

En 1775 una campaña de excavaciones en l‘Alcúdia (Elche, Alicante) descubrió restos romanos de entidad entre los que creyeron ver «vestigios de un Amphiteatro». La noticia fue publicada en la Gazeta de Madrid en 1776 y recogida por Alejandro Ramos a mediados del siglo XX, y recientemente ha vuelto a considerarse probable la existencia de un anfiteatro ilicitano, si bien los restos entonces mencionados podrían corresponder a una estructura elipsoidal todavía visible a poniente de l‘Alcúdia y difícilmente vinculable a un edificio de espectáculos.

Rafaela Karoline Galdêncio de Moura, Francisco de Assis Noberto Galdino de Araújo

Apresenta perspectivas relacionadas à preservação de fotografias impressas institucionais no âmbito universitário. Explicita o contexto da informação, caracterizando o documento enquanto suporte de representação da informação. Conceitua a memória para a promoção da comunicação, disseminação da informação e formas de estoque na mente humana. Enfoca a fotografia como meio de representação da informação documental ao qual assume papel fundamental na construção da memória; bem como os elementos constituintes que a tornam meio impresso ou digital. Aborda questões técnicas e reflexivas concernentes à preservação, conservação e disseminação da informação em coleções fotográficas. Esta pesquisa objetivou estudar as formas de acondicionamento e preservação das fotografias da Agência de Comunicação da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, bem como perceber se existe divulgação destes materiais para a comunidade universitária. Finaliza o estudo com reflexões acerca da importância da preservação de fotografias para a construção da memória institucional enquanto um todo, com vistas a disseminação da informação ao público interno e externo frente à Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Palavras-chave: Memória institucional. Preservação de fotografias. Disseminação da informação.  Agência de Comunicação.

Amelia Wong

Words are ‘objects of discourse’ in that they function not simply to convey meaning, but also to assert and reinforce values and truths in a society. Here I consider the effects of ‘community’ as a discursive object in museums’ use of social media, since how it is imagined affects practice, especially how institutions try to democratize practice. I trace a genealogy of ‘community’ to show how museums translate long-held ideas into new practices, explaining how its origins and social media conventions influence museums to champion an idealized view of community based on frequent, public, and immediate communication. Using the case study of the Japanese American National Museum’s Discover Nikkei project, I argue that, while communication is essential to progressive practice, museums accepting this conceptualization can actually stymie their efforts to use social media to democratize their relationship with audiences. I conclude with suggestions as to how to address this issue.

Antonino Cosentino

Multispectral imaging systems are used in art examinations to map and identify pigments, binders and areas of retouching. A monochromatic camera is combined with an appropriate wavelength selection system and acquires a variable number of spectral images of a scene. These images are then stacked into a reflectance imaging cube to reconstruct reflectance spectra from each of the images’ pixels. This paper presents an affordable multispectral imaging system composed of a monochromatic CCD camera and a set of only 12 interference filters for mapping pigments on works of art and for the tentative identification of such pigments. This work demonstrates the versatility of this set-up, a versatility enabling it to be applied to different tasks, involving examination and documentation of objects of varying size. Use of this multispectral camera for both panoramic and macro photography is discussed, together with the possibilities facilitated from the coupling of the system to a stereomicroscope and a compound microscope. This system is of particular interest for the cultural heritage sector because of its hardware simplicity and acquisition speed, as well as its lightness and small dimensions.

Marta Agostinho, Pedro Casaleiro

Monia Barbieri, Claude Cavazutti

A large number of stone moulds, dating to Middle and Late Bronze Age (approximately 1650-1150 BC) has been found in Terramare sites since the 19th century. They were made to produce a wide range of bronze objects, such as ornaments, weapons and tools. Empirical observations of casting experiments revealed that different types of stone do not give the same response to the heat of molten metal. This was the starting point for research that involved a team of geologists, archaeologists and craftsmen and had two principal aims: to identify the types of stone used by Terramare artisans and the possible supplying areas, and to reproduce one axe mould with the same stone chosen in the past to test its characteristics and verify the level of knowledge and skills required in this kind of production.

Amy Jane Barnes

Mary Stevens

This article uses a case study from the Musée dauphinois in Grenoble, France to explore the way museums are called upon to act as ‘authorities of recognition’ for minority communities. Studies of public recognition have often focused on political and legal measures, such as reparations, rather than considering questions of public representation. In satisfying demands for recognition on the part of minority groups do museums contribute to social cohesion or do they generate competition between groups that may heighten existing tensions? This question is particularly pertinent in the French case where the philosophy of republican universalism traditionally discourages acknowledgement of group identities. Drawing on work on recognition by Feuchtwang and Dufoix this article argues that a more complex model of recognition needs to be elaborated for museums in order to take into account the multiple actors involved in the development and reception of exhibitions.