Hasil untuk "Modern history, 1453-"

Eduardo Santos Neumann

In the history of the Guaraní reductions, one of the themes that has attracted attention is the indigenous opposition to accepting orders to move after the Treaty of Madrid was signed by the Iberian monarchies in 1750. At this time, there was intense use of writing by the Guaraní, prompting a ‘written reaction’. They wrote several texts, using arguments against the implementation of the exchange of eastern missions with the Colônia do Sacramento. The refusal of the indigenous people to abandon their reductions triggered a conflict known in historiography as the Guaranitic War. At the beginning of March 1756, about a month after the Battle of Caiboaté, in the place where the indigenous militia was defeated by the Iberian armies, some leaders of the Reduction of São Miguel erected a large cross with an inscription written in Guaraní (Kurusu Kuatia). It is an epitaph, in the Guaraní language, reporting episodes from that battle. The text, signed by Miguel Mayra, was only located three years after the events. This type of exposed writing is an indigenous memory of past events, episodes assessed by the rebel population as worthy of collective remembrance.

A. Bhandari

History is the study of human civilization across various cultures, geographical locations, and historical eras. It covers various occurrences, movements, conflicts, discoveries, and relationships that have contributed to the development of the modern world. The practice of writing history has undergone significant transformations over the years, shaped by evolving methodologies, technological advancements, and changing perspectives. Modern history writing is a dynamic field that encompasses a wide range of approaches, from traditional narrative histories to the incorporation of interdisciplinary methods. This article explores the key trends in modern history writing, highlighting the diverse methodologies employed by historians and the impact of technological innovations on the field focusing on the need for accurate documentation and transmission of history. The paper uses qualitative methods, including in-depth interviews, conversations with historians, academicians, university professors, and library research.

Lupi, Danilo

This paper investigates for the first time the restoration work carried out on the refectory of the monastery of San Michele in Bosco in Bologna, which was supervised by Alfonso Rubbiani between 1892 and 1895. In spite of the vast literature on the ‘restorer’, this work has so far been scarcely considered both because of the chronology of the building (mid-16th century) as well as because it did not entail radical changes. Indeed, the limited size of the room and the numerous documentary traces – carefully tracked by Rubbiani and his patron, the lawyer Giuseppe Bacchelli – were addressing the operation philologically. The discovery of unpublished archival evidence contributed to a more appropriate understanding of the overall work; in particular, it is possible to note how the initial intentions of the architect and the commissioner, which were based on erudite investigations that involved intellectuals and politicians of the time, did not, unfortunately, come to fruition.

L. Tisdall

Dale J. Stahl

Christelle Taraud

O objetivo deste artigo é (re)pensar a(s) história(s) do tempo presente à luz das teorias feministas que, através dos conceitos de interseccionalidade, subalternidade e decolonialidade, oferecem uma visão ao mesmo tempo fecunda e renovada. No cerne da abordagem, a ideia de contornar/submergir as visões hegemônicas, totalizantes e / ou dominantes, para aclarar a contrário a pluralidade de existência(s)/experiência(s) e modalidades práticas, teóricas e simbólicas de sua(s) múltiplas expressão(ões) por meio de pluri-interpretação(ões)/reflexão(ões) pensadas de maneira horizontal (ao nível do solo, pode-se dizer) e não hierárquica(s). Aqui um multifocal de segmentos polimórficos, traços difusos e narrativas fragmentárias emergiria, formando corpo-unidade não por categorização-hierarquização fixista, mas por justaposição-coabitação lábil, propondo uma visão verdadeiramente humana e universal. Palavras-chave: teorias feministas; interseccionalidade; subalternidade; decolonialidade; feminicídio/ecocídio.

Rodica CRUDU, Mariana ZUBENSCHI, Carmen NASTASE

The topicality of the neighborhood Europeanization through ENP is undoubtful, particularly due to the fact that the Republic of Moldova has taken a claimable European integration direction and is striving to fulfill the requirements stipulated in the EU-Moldova Association Agreement. The paper aims to provide an overview of both the theoretical aspects by defining and explaining the concept of Europeanization and the background of ENP and how these concepts are practically realized in the attempt to achieve the Europeanization of the Republic of Moldova and understand what bottlenecks should be tackled in order to make a better use of this policy in its pursuit of the European goal. A special attention is allocated to the assessment of the citizen perceptions about EU in general and EU-Moldova relations in particular, common beliefs that have been created among citizens with reference to the EU and the role of the EU as a key player in the Eastern Neighbourhood in general and Europeanisation of the Republic of Moldova. A survey was applied on 173 respondents. Results show that in general Moldovan citizens have a positive belief about the EU, are aware about the EU financial support Moldova received so far and consider EU as a reliable partner from which Moldova has a lot to learn in terms of democracy, law supremacy, human rights and economic development.

David Alonso García

Reseña de la obra de Carlos Morales, Carlos Javier de y González Heras, Natalia (dirs.), Las Comunidades de Castilla: Corte, poder y conflicto (1516-1525), Madrid, Ediciones Polifemo, 2020, 449 págs. ISBN: 9788416335725

Javiera Robles Recabarren

En el presente artículo se propone abordar la contribución de las mujeres comunistas durante el período de la “Política de rebelión popular de masas” del Partido Comunista de Chile. Atendiendo a la ausencia historiografica sobre el estudio de las mujeres comunistas en Chile, serán analizadas fuentes orales de antiguas militantes del partido y su brazo armado, el Frente Patriótico Manuel Rodríguez, como también de los  organismos de derechos humanos, sindicatos y organizaciones populares.

Laura FOTIA

Policies and practices based on hate speech and the “enemy” construction do not represent new phenomena, as they have spanned centuries and continents. Yet, recently, the public and scientific debate on new forms of “hate speech” have intensified along with the rapid transformation and multiplication of public spaces for discussion. Starting from their respective research fields and from different disciplinary perspectives, experts on the subject propose alternative but complementary approaches to analysing hate speech, identifying possible ways to counter the phenomenon and its consequences.

José María Gómez Herráez

La guerra de 1936-1939 no significó simplemente una orientación propagandística de la historia. La observación del pasado sirvió para estimular de distintas formas el espíritu de combate, resistencia y colaboración interna, pero también las transformaciones socioeconómicas e institucionales en cada zona influyeron en la selección de temas, en los silencios y en las interpretaciones. Además, existían variaciones en función del medio de expresión. En este examen se contextualizan y comentan las perspectivas seguidas en algunos trabajos agrupados en cuatro categorías. Tres corresponden a la zona republicana: textos de inspiración liberal-democrática, de tipo obrerista y de tipo catalanista. De la zona controlada por los sublevados se observan las intervenciones en un curso para maestros.

Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks

What Is Early Modern History?, a volume in the Polity Press “What Is History?” series, is an origin story of the ways historians and those in other fields have seen – and contested – the roots of the modern world and have seen – and contested – whether the period between 1450 and 1800 forms some sort of coherent whole. This essay explains the book’s conceptualization and organization into various subfields, including economic, social, intellectual, cultural, gender, Atlantic world, and environmental history, and responds to the other essays in this forum. The essay and the book discuss the marks of an emerging modernity that have been advanced in different subfields, and ways these have been questioned, nuanced, and rethought. No matter what aspect of life historians investigate, they are likely to see the roots of modernity there, or of multiple modernities, varied and contingent on culture and historical circumstances.

Simona Negruzzo

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Alberto Romero Ferrer

Book review

Paul Alliès

As definições da democracia complicam-se sob o efeito de dois fenómenos: por um lado, a resistência das suas instituições tradicionais, todavia postas em questão pelas alterações sociais da terceira revolução industrial; por um lado, a expansão planetária dos seus princípios de acordo e em função da globalização do capitalismo. As aspirações de “mudar o poder” acabam por o contornar, como se já não fosse possível nem necessário tomá-lo. Neste artigo, questiona-se as contradições ao mesmo tempo que se procuram as histórias políticas - do republicanismo por exemplo - que pode ser uma opção.

Ana Parejo Vadillo, Luisa Calè

What shapes does the nineteenth-century paper archive take in the twenty-first century digital cloud? Luisa Calè and Ana Parejo Vadillo situate the crafts, experiments, and visions discussed in this anniversary issue in the wider context of questions raised by the emergence and possibilities of nineteenth-century archives for the digital era. What happens when objects float free of their bibliographic and museum anchorings? What is gained and lost in the digital transformations? What new imaginary spaces open up in the transition from the book to the virtual codex and from the terrestrial library to cloud-sourced collections? What formations does the nineteenth century take in digital discourse networks? How are nineteenth-century objects made digital, and through what crafts, skills, and disciplines? How are they shaped by circulation through digital platforms, social media, and remix on the semantic web? What kinds of authoring, what structures of labour, what kinds of making and knowing shape agency in the nineteenth-century digital archive?

José María Lorca Alcalá

La crisis del petróleo de 1973 después del corte de suministro de la OPEP a raíz de la guerra de Yom Kippur (octubre de 1973) afecta especialmente a nuestro país tradicionalmente consumidor de altos niveles de energía y una predisposición gubernamental a mantener sus precios bajos. Los documentos manejados pertenecen al Ministerio de Industria y a partir de ellos comprobamos el interés por absorber la crisis vía presupuestos, a través del superávit de la balanza de pagos y garantizando un precio bajo al fuel-oil. The oil crisis in 1973 after the outage of OPEC following the Yom Kippur War (October 1973) particularly affects our country traditionally high consumer of energy and with a government willingness to keep prices low. Handled documents belong to the Ministry of Industry and checking them we observe the target to absorb this situation via budget crisis, through the surplus of the balance of payments and ensuring low fuel oil price.

Isobel Armstrong

This article explores the construction of a spatial and interspatial subject in the nineteenth-century novel, examining initially the epistemologies of space developed by Kant and Hegel, and concluding with discussion of two further theorists of space, Bachelard and Lefebvre. It deploys this rich array of theorization to illuminate strategies through which the nineteenth-century novelist creates situatedness in language, asking how does the novel represent space, and arguing that if we take away this almost miraculous verbal construction of space there is not much left to the novel.

Donatella Pallotti

This article focuses on a form of writing, the conversion narrative, which was familiar to mid-seventeenth-century godly readers. The purpose of the narrative, which was a prerequisite for admission to the Church of Visible Saints, was to give the congregation a spoken account of the experience of conversion and of the workings of Grace in the life of the regenerate individual. Some of these reports were transcribed, revised, and published by the ministers of the churches. By focusing on the complex relationships between the ‘original’ experience, its expression, and subsequent written transmission, the tension between individuality and conformity, and the various forms of editorial intervention adopted by the ministers, this study attempts to highlight the collaborative nature of the textual construction of the conversion narrative and to address some crucial issues concerning both the authenticity of the memory recorded and its ‘true’ author.

Francisco Fuster García

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