Hasil untuk "Miscellaneous systems and treatments"

A. Mujumdar

Section I - Fundamental Aspects Principles, Classification, and Selection of Dryers Arun S. Mujumdar Experimental Techniques in Drying Karoly Molnar Basic Process Calculations and Simulations in Drying Zdzislaw Pakowski and Arun S. Mujumdar Transport Properties in the Drying of Solids Dimitris Marinos-Kouris and Z.B. Maroulis Spreadsheet-Aided Dryer Design Z.B. Maroulis, G.D. Saravacos, and Arun S. Mujumdar Section II - Description of Various Dryer Types Indirect Dryers Sakamon Devahastin and Arun S. Mujumdar Rotary Drying Magdalini Krokida, Dimitris Marinos-Kouris, and Arun S. Mujumdar Fluidized Bed Dryers Chung Lim Law and Arun S. Mujumdar Industrial Spray Drying Systems Iva Filkova, Li Xin Huang, and Arun S. Mujumdar Theoretical Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Spray Drying Processes Maksim Mezhericher, Avi Levy, and Irene Borde Drum Dryers Wan Ramli Wan Daud Freeze Drying Athanasios I. Liapis and Roberto Bruttini Microwave and Dielectric Drying Robert F. Schiffmann Solar Drying Laszlo Imre and Arun S. Mujumdar Spouted Bed Drying Elizabeth Pallai, Tibor Szentmarjay, Sachin V. Jangam, and Arun S. Mujumdar Impingement Drying Arun S. Mujumdar Pneumatic and Flash Drying Irene Borde and Avi Levy Conveyor Dryers Dan Poirier Infrared Drying Cristina Ratti and Arun S. Mujumdar Superheated Steam Drying Arun S. Mujumdar Special Drying Techniques and Novel Dryers Tadeusz Kudra and Arun S. Mujumdar Intermittent Drying Karim Allaf, Sabah Mounir, Mohamed Negm, Tamara Allaf, Hanintsoa Ferrasse, and Arun S. Mujumdar Pulse Combustion Drying Wu Zhonghua and Arun S Mujumdar Section III - Drying in Various Industrial Sectors Drying of Foodstuffs Shahab Sokhansanj and Digvir S. Jayas Drying of Fish and Seafood M. Shafiur Rahman Grain Drying Vijaya G.S. Raghavan and Venkatesh Sosle Grain Property Values and Their Measurement Digvir S. Jayas and Stefan Cenkowski Drying of Rice Somkiat Prachayawarakorn, Chaiyong Taechapairoj, Adisak Nathakaranakule, Sakamon Devahastin, and Somchart Soponronnarit Drying of Fruits and Vegetables D. K. Das Gupta and K. S. Jayaraman Drying of Herbal Medicines and Tea Guohua Chen and Arun S. Mujumdar Drying of Potato, Sweet Potato, and Other Roots Shyam S. Sablani and Arun S. Mujumdar Osmotic Dehydration of Fruits and Vegetables Piotr P. Lewicki and Andrzej Lenart Drying of Pharmaceutical Products Zdzislaw Pakowski and Arun S. Mujumdar Drying of Nanosize Products Baohe Wang, Li Xin Huang, and Arun S. Mujumdar Drying of Ceramics Yoshinori Itaya, Shigekatsu Mori, and Masanobu Hasatani Drying of Peat and Biofuels Roland Wimmerstedt Drying of Fibrous Materials Roger B. Keey Drying of Textile Products Wallace W. Carr, H. Stephen Lee, and Hyunyoung Ok Drying of Pulp and Paper Osman Polat and Arun S. Mujumdar Drying of Wood: Principles and Practices Patrick Perre and Roger B. Keey Drying of Biomass Shusheng Pang Drying in Mineral Processing Arun S. Mujumdar Dewatering and Drying of Wastewater Treatment Sludge Guohua Chen, Po Lock Yue, and Arun S. Mujumdar Physicochemical Aspects of Sludge Drying Sachin V. Jangam, Tolga Tuncal and Arun Mujumdar Drying of Biotechnological Products Janusz Adamiec, Wladyslaw Kaminski, Adam S. Markowski, and Czeslaw Strumillo Drying of Coated Webs James Y. Hung, Richard J. Wimberger, and Arun S. Mujumdar Drying of Polymers Arun S. Mujumdar and Mainul Hasan Drying of Enzymes Ana M.R. Pilosof and Virginia E. Sanchez Drying of Proteins M. Amdadul Haque and Benu Adhikari Product Functionality-Oriented Drying Process related to Pharmaceutical Particle Engineering Meng Wai Woo and Arun Mujumdar Drying of Coal Jerzy Pikon, Sachin V. Jangam, and Arun S. Mujumdar Section IV - Miscellaneous Topics in Industrial Drying Dryer Feeding Systems Rami Y. Jumah and Arun S. Mujumdar Dryer Emission Control Systems Rami Y. Jumah and Arun S. Mujumdar Energy Aspects in Drying Czeslaw Strumillo, Peter L. Jones, and Romuald Zylla Heat Pump Drying Systems Chou Siaw Kiang and Chua Kian Jon Safety Aspects of Industrial Dryers Adam S. Markowski and Arun S. Mujumdar Control of Industrial Dryers Rami Y. Jumah, Arun S. Mujumdar, and Vijaya G.S. Raghavan Solid-Liquid Separation for Pretreatment of Drying Operation Mompei Shirato and Masashi Iwata Frying of Foods Vassiliki Oreopoulou, Magdalini Krokida, and Dimitris Marinos-Kouris Use of Simprosys in Drying Flowsheet Calculations Z. X. Gong, Sachin V. Jangam, and Arun S. Mujumdar Life Cycle-Assessment of Drying Systems Nawshad Haque, Sachin V. Jangam, and Arun Mujumdar Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Aspects of Drying Stefan J. Kowalski and Andrzej Rybicki Supercritical Fluid-Assisted Drying Marzouk Benali and Yacine Boumghar Industrial Crystallization Seppo Palosaari, Marjatta Louhi-Kultanen, and Zuoliang Sha Cost-Estimation Methods for Drying Zbigniew T. Sztabert and Tadeusz Kudra

K. J. Ivin, I. Mol

G. Grimbizis, S. Gordts, A. Di Spiezio Sardo et al.

The new ESHRE/ESGE classification system of female genital anomalies is presented, aiming to provide a more suitable classification system for the accurate, clear, correlated with clinical management and simple categorization of female genital anomalies. Congenital malformations of the female genital tract are common miscellaneous deviations from normal anatomy with health and reproductive consequences. Until now, three systems have been proposed for their categorization, but all of them are associated with serious limitations. The European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) and the European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy (ESGE) have established a common Working Group, under the name CONUTA (CONgenital UTerine Anomalies), with the goal of developing a new updated classification system. A scientific committee has been appointed to run the project, looking also for consensus within the scientists working in the field. The new system is designed and developed based on: (1) scientific research through critical review of current proposals and preparation of an initial proposal for discussion between the experts, (2) consensus measurement among the experts through the use of the DELPHI procedure and (3) consensus development by the scientific committee, taking into account the results of the DELPHI procedure and the comments of the experts. Almost 90 participants took part in the process of development of the ESHRE/ESGE classification system, contributing with their structured answers and comments. The ESHRE/ESGE classification system is based on anatomy. Anomalies are classified into the following main classes, expressing uterine anatomical deviations deriving from the same embryological origin: U0, normal uterus; U1, dysmorphic uterus; U2, septate uterus; U3, bicorporeal uterus; U4, hemi-uterus; U5, aplastic uterus; U6, for still unclassified cases. Main classes have been divided into sub-classes expressing anatomical varieties with clinical significance. Cervical and vaginal anomalies are classified independently into sub-classes having clinical significance. The ESHRE/ESGE classification of female genital anomalies seems to fulfil the expectations and the needs of the experts in the field, but its clinical value needs to be proved in everyday practice. The ESHRE/ESGE classification system of female genital anomalies could be used as a starting point for the development of guidelines for their diagnosis and treatment.

Deepika Kumari, Manoj Kumar, Ashish Datt Upadhyay et al.

Background: Hormonal imbalance, mitochondrial dysfunctions, and oxidative stress (OS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and its associated clinical features. A sedentary lifestyle, exposure to air pollutants, prenatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, processed and nutritionally depleted food, rich in trans fats, salts, and sugars, and high BMI specifically in visceral adiposity induce OS. OS damages the mitochondrial DNA, lipids, and proteins that impair mitochondrial function. Sequentially, dysfunctional mitochondria produce more reactive oxygen species that aggravate the OS. Mitochondria is pivotal for ovarian cell functioning for instance steroidogenesis, ovarian follicle development, and energy metabolism. Dysfunctional mitochondria can alter the ovarian follicle functioning leading to ovulatory dysfunction and infertility in PCOS. Aims and Objectives: This study is designed to investigate the effect of 12-week yoga practice on endocrine parameters, OS, and mitochondrial health, comparing outcomes in yoga and non-yoga groups. Material and Methods: A total of 75 participants, 32 PCOS females who completed yoga intervention in the yoga group and 29 in the nonyoga group. Hormonal levels were assessed through an immunoassay, while mitochondrial health markers, such as mtDNA copy number (mtDNA CN), reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxidation were measured through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), chemiluminescence, and ELISA respectively. Gene expression related to mitochondrial integrity, respiratory chain, and inflammation was analyzed via reverse transcription qPCR. Additionally, depression severity was also assessed using beck depression inventory II. Result: The Yoga group showed a significant increase in mtDNA-CN and upregulation of transcripts responsible for maintaining mitochondrial integrity and the mitochondrial respiratory chain. In addition, the post-yoga group shows a reduction in, lipid peroxidation, inflammatory, OS markers, and an improvement in telomere length. Conclusion: Yoga positively affects hormonal balance, mitochondrial health, OS, and inflammation in women with PCOS. It also alleviates depression symptoms, highlighting yoga as an effective adjunct therapy for managing PCOS. Regular yoga practice could prevent, delay, and help in managing PCOS symptoms.

Gauri Rajabhau Pardikar, Anuradha R. Narwade

Clerodendrum serratum Linn. (Family: Verbenaceae) is very widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Ethno-medicinal importance of the plant has been reported in various indigenous systems of medicines like Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani for the treatment of various life-threatening diseases. The roots of C. serratum are also used as anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, and anti-fungal. Besides these the antimicrobial value of this herbal plant have also been reported in its stems and leaves. These reports are very encouraging and indicate that herb should be studied more expensively for its therapeutic benefits. Various minerals like Na, Mg, Al, Ca etc. saponins, terpenoids, D-mannitol are the phytoconstituents present in the plant. The present research reflected towards exploring the plausible role(s) of the active extracts of Clerodendrum Serratum (leaves), Aloe vera gel , Honey formulated as Herbal Gel product. The formulation were characterized by determining the pharmaceutical characteristics like skin irritancy test, pH, appearance, viscosity, spreadability, extrudability, swelling index, and washability. Further, wound healing activity was studied . The phytochemical constituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, carbohydrates, sterols, saponins, proteins, and other miscellaneous phenolic components are believed to play a pivotal role in the healing of the wound by significantly increasing the rate of wound closure and rate of epithelization. This finding provided an insight into the applications of the herbal formulations in the traditional treatment of serious wound conditions and also rejuvenating the ethnopharmacological principles in context to modern medicine. Thus, this paper highlights the various pharmacological activities of Clerodendrum serratum and formulation of herbal gel and its further scope for clinical utility.

S. Erdal, E. Aydin, Cenk Andiç

Cite this article as: S. Erdal, E. Aydın and C. Andiç, “Design of a stand-alone hybrid solar /wind /batt ery/d iesel microgrid for A wastewater treatment plant in izmir using HOMER pro software,” Turk J Electr Power Energy Syst. , 2024; 4(1), 26-39. ABSTRACT The significance and rapid rise of distributed power generation utilizing alternative energy sources have been receiving a lot of attention today. Due to the high worldwide demand for clean and sustainable energy, microgrid systems have emerged as a promising solution to improve energy reliability while promoting the grid’s insertion of renewable energy sources. To maximize energy production, storage, and distribution, the thesis revolves around the design and simulation of a solar –wind –batt ery–d iesel generator hybrid microgrid system for the Havza Waste Water Treatment Plant located in Izmir, Turkey. HOMER Pro program is used in this report, which is a sophisticated tool commonly used for microgrid analysis and optimization. The economic analysis and emission rates are obtained for the system.

Afia Ayub, Md Kamrul Hasan, Zimam Mahmud et al.

M. Khalid Hossain, M. I. Khan, A. El-Denglawey

D. Adikari, F. Munny, D. Pandit et al.

In recent years, the aquaculture sector in Bangladesh has experienced significant technological advancements, notably the adoption of smartphone applications. This empirical study evaluates the current status of smartphone apps available in the aquaculture industry of the country using data obtained from the internet and field surveys. The study identified 41 smartphone apps currently used in the sector, where 58.53 % are related to pond-based aquaculture, 14.63 % are designed for biofloc system, 4.87 % pertain to cage aquaculture and 4.87 % marketing-aided corporate-related apps, 9.75 % focus on disease and treatment-related, and 7.31 % fall into miscellaneous categories. The “Poultry Animals and Aqua Index (PAAI)" app, which addresses aquaculture pharmaceutical inputs and fish disease treatment guidelines, emerged as the most downloaded app in this domain. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that app size or user ratings did not influence app downloads. The study also found that approximately 57.66 % of fish farmers are aware of these smartphone apps. Private fisheries professionals were the main driving forces behind the use of these apps, accounting for 52 % of the information spread. Despite mixed levels of satisfaction among farmers, about 25 % expressed a positive experience. Most of the farmers (57.66 %) acknowledged the awareness and beneficial impacts of using these apps in aquaculture. This study enhances the understanding of smartphone apps usage in Bangladesh to promote the aquaculture industry, highlighting its potential to promote industry growth, alleviate poverty, and contribute to economic development.

Melda Bahap-Kara, Emine Sarıyıldız, GK Yardımcı et al.

Glucocorticoids (GCs) play a crucial role in the treatment of many rheumatic diseases regarding their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. Inappropriate use of GCs can exacerbate GC-related problems besides complex treatment regimens and miscellaneous well-established adverse events. Although several guidelines exist for managing these problems, there is lack of real-life studies evaluating the problems at the patient level. This study aims to identify GC-related problems among patients with rheumatic diseases and address how they have been solved. This prospective follow-up study was conducted between January 2021 and June 2022 at a university rheumatology outpatient clinic and included patients using GCs. A clinical pharmacist assessed patients for possible GC-related problems at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Identified problems, their causes, interventions to address these problems, and their outcomes were categorized using the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE v9.1) classification system. The resolution of the problems was evaluated at the patient’s next follow-up visit. A total of 156 patients were included, and 236 GC-related problems were identified in 66% of the patients. Adverse drug events (possible) accounted for the highest proportion of GC-related problems (94.1%), and the most common causes were lack of laboratory monitoring of GC-related adverse events (41.5%) and lack of drug treatment despite existing indications (39.8%). The median cumulative prednisolone dose was higher in patients with GC-related problems (3115 vs. 5455 mg, p = 0.007). The clinical pharmacist suggested 381 interventions: 47.7% (n = 182) at the ‘prescriber level’, 31.8% (n = 121) at the ‘patient level’, and 20.5% (n = 78) at the ‘drug level’. Of those interventions, 98% were accepted, and 80.1% of the problems were solved. This study showed that the prevalence of GC-related problems is high in patients with rheumatic diseases. Integrating clinical pharmacists into the multidisciplinary rheumatology team provides an advantage in effectively identifying and managing GC-related problems at an early stage.

Zhiying Tan, Gaofeng Qin, J. Jia et al.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), a group of prevalent and persistent immune-mediated disorders affecting the endocrine system, can progressively result in total thyroid failure, thereby drastically impacting metabolic processes. Given the inadequacies of current clinical approaches to managing AITD, The exigency to investigate novel therapeutic strategies demands immediate attention, given the limitations and potential resistances associated with conventional approaches. Si-Ni-San (SNS), first chronicled in the esteemed Eastern Han Dynasty medical text " Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases" circa 200-210 AD, is a time-honored remedy known for its harmonizing effects on the liver and invigorating properties for the spleen. Research indicates that saikosaponins and peony glycosides, two primary constituents of SNS, possess anti-inflammatory properties and can ameliorate immune dysfunction in the treatment of AITD. Despite initial insights, a comprehensive exploration of the underlying mechanisms by which SNS alleviates AITD symptoms requires further in-depth investigation to decipher their intricate interplay. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to identify the key therapeutic components of SNS for the treatment of AITD and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, revealing potential targets. MATERIALS AND METHODS We initially screened prospective components of SNS for AITD therapy through comprehensive database exploration, followed by an evaluation of the results via PPI networks. To illuminate the therapeutic mechanisms of SNS in AITD, we employed GO enrichment analysis and surveyed the KEGG pathways. Employing UHPLC-QE-MS, we conducted an in-depth analysis of SNS's principal elements, complemented by molecular docking studies to unravel their interaction dynamics. Finally, we substantiated the central therapeutic pathway of SNS in the treatment of AITD using an experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) mouse model, validated meticulously through in vivo experimentation. RESULTS Network pharmacology analysis revealed 32 common targets from the overlap between SNS and AITD-related targets. Based on subsequent PPI network and KEGG analysis, we focused on the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3/IL-17 pathway, which drives the differentiation of Th17 cells, as a central therapeutic target of SNS in AITD. Crucially, our in vivo findings, substantiated through immunohistochemical, western blot, RT-qPCR analyses and Flow cytometry analysis, reveal SNS's therapeutic potential in AITD. It effectively dampens IL-6 production, inhibits IL-6/JAK2/STAT3/IL-17 pathway activation, and rebalances the Th17/Treg cell ratio, thus elucidating its anti-inflammatory mechanism. CONCLUSIONS The protective effect of SNS against AITD is likely mediated through the modulation of the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3/IL-17 pathway and the restoration of balance within the Th17/Treg ratio. This suggests that SNS may exert its therapeutic effects on AITD by targeting these key molecular mechanisms, thereby providing a novel perspective for the treatment of AITD.

Matteo Coen, Audrey Benyamine, Emilien Delmont et al.

INTRODUCTION Immune-related neurological syndromes (affecting both the central and peripheral nervous system, as well as the neuromuscular junction) can associate with low-grade B-cell lymphomas. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study on the records of patients with miscellaneous immune-related neuropathies followed by the "Referral Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS" in collaboration with the Services of Internal Medicine and Hematology (La Timone Hospital, and the Paoli Calmettes-Insitute, Marseille, France; Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland). Clinical, biological, immunological and histological work-up was carried out and data collected. RESULTS We identified 12 patients with neurological syndromes and atypical presentation/course. In all these patients multiple autoantibodies were found. This prompted us to perform thorough hematologic investigations, that led to the diagnosis of different type of Low-Grade B-Cell lymphomas [i.e. marginal zone lymphomas with lymphoplasmacytic differentiation (n=3), splenic marginal area lymphoma with secondary lymph node invasion (n=1), unclassified marginal area lymphomas (n=8)]. Treatment of the underling lymphoma resulted in an improvement (n=8) or stabilization (n=4) of neurological disease. CONCLUSION Atypical presentation of immune-related neurological syndromes, as well as the presence of antibodies with different antigenic targets should be regarded as "warning signs" and raise the suspicion of a paraneoplastic origin sustained by an underlying low-grade B-cell lymphoma that should be actively sought and treated. Close collaboration between internists, neurologists and hematologists allows for the appropriate management of each case.

Marcin Rozwadowski, D. Gaweł

The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria indisputably constitutes a major global health problem. Pathogenic Escherichia coli are listed among the most critical group of bacteria that require fast development of new antibiotics and innovative treatment strategies. Among harmful extraintestinal Enterobacteriaceae strains, uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) pose a significant health threat. UPEC are considered the major causative factor of urinary tract infection (UTI), the second-most commonly diagnosed infectious disease in humans worldwide. UTI treatment places a substantial financial burden on healthcare systems. Most importantly, the misuse of antibiotics during treatment has caused selection of strains with the ability to acquire MDR via miscellaneous mechanisms resulting in gaining resistance against many commonly prescribed antibiotics like ampicillin, gentamicin, cotrimoxazole and quinolones. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as transposons, integrons and conjugative plasmids are the major drivers in spreading resistance genes in UPEC. The co-occurrence of various bacterial evasion strategies involving MGEs and the SOS stress response system requires further research and can potentially lead to the discovery of new, much-awaited therapeutic targets. Here, we analyzed and summarized recent discoveries regarding the role, mechanisms, and perspectives of MDR in the pathogenicity of UPEC.

Pratibha Mehra, Ekta, Seema Shukla

Endometrial calcification is an uncommon clinical entity. They can be detected during pelvic ultrasonography or as incidental pathologic findings. Most of the cases are asymptomatic or present with secondary infertility and menstrual anomalies. Its definite etiology is still not known and the pathogenesis is uncertain; its clinical importance is not yet fully validated. Since there is no exact simulating disease to compare this condition in Ayurveda; according to the features involved in its pathophysiology; involvement of Tridosha has been contemplated. Therefore, the management of endometrial calcifications is conducted by considering the specific Dosha involved. Uttara Basti is a minimally invasive procedure that can be easily performed as an outpatient procedure, offering a more convenient and cost-effective approach to enhance the treatment of endometrial calcifications. Here in this case study, the patient had been diagnosed with endometrial calcifications and was subsequently scheduled for an Ayurvedic management protocol. The procedure of Uttara Basti with Kshara Oil and Phala ghrita, was undertaken for a duration of 3 consecutive months, following the cessation of menstrual flow. The patient experienced improvment in scanty menses, her USG showed a reduction in endometrial calcification. Furthermore, she was conceived.

Thiago de Albuquerque e Silva, Maria Ercília de Araújo

Durante a pandemia de COVID-19, a Teleodontologia (TO) foi uma estratégia para continuidade da atenção à saúde bucal propiciando orientações, educação em saúde e monitoramentos, além do diagnóstico de lesões orais. Entretanto, aferir se essas lesões foram diagnosticadas em teleconsultas nas bases de dados governamentais não é preciso. Nesse âmbito, o estudo analisou o papel da TO, por meio das variações quantitativas no diagnóstico de Alteração de Tecido Mole (ATeM) no Brasil e suas macrorregiões, com intuito de debater suas possibilidades e limites. Para dimensionar a queda no acesso, as primeiras consultas odontológicas (PCO) foram elencadas. As PCO e ATeM foram coletadas no Sistema de Informação em Saúde para a Atenção Básica (SISAB), entre janeiro de 2019 e dezembro de 2021. A análise foi realizada pelos testes de Friedman e Post-Hoc Durbin-Conover, com nível de significância de 5%. Para facilitar a interpretação, as informações foram tabuladas pelas diferenças percentuais estatisticamente significantes. Como resultado, em 2021, as medianas das PCO no Brasil permaneceram baixas em grande parte do território (-35,73 %, p<0,001), mas as ATeM voltaram aos níveis de 2019 (+2,47% em 2021, p=1,0). A mediana da ATeM da região Sul foi a única com redução não estatisticamente significante em 2020 (-19,67%, p=0,064) e com aumento significativo em 2021 (+15,08%, p=0,011). É provável que a ampliação do uso da TO no Brasil e a experiência prévia em Telessaúde na região Sul tenham contribuído para a manutenção de diagnóstico das ATeM durante a pandemia. A TO fornece diagnósticos favoráveis no manejo das ATeM, com baixos custos e boa aceitação entre pacientes e profissionais. No entanto, são necessários investimentos estruturais nas unidades de saúde, fornecimento de rede digital, na capacitação técnica e humanizada das equipes de saúde para as teleconsultas e a participação integrada das Instituições de Ensino Superior nos serviços de saúde.

Valesca Cristina de Oliveira Monteiro, Fernanda Farias de Castro, Vanusa do Nascimento et al.

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar as estratégias de enfrentamento da COVID-19 de idosos rurais e ribeirinhos, por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online (MEDLINE), PubMed e WHO COVID-19. O material foi organizado no gerenciador de arquivos Mendeley, seguindo as etapas de leitura, amostragem, categorização, avaliação de estudos incluídos, análise/interpretação dos resultados e síntese dos estudos, realizados em pares. Foram identificados 832 artigos, dos quais, seis foram selecionados e agrupados em três categorias: 1 - Compreensão e percepção dos idosos sobre o enfrentamento de COVID-19; 2 - O impacto da pandemia da COVID-19; 3 - Estratégias de enfrentamento da pandemia no cuidado com a saúde. Os artigos analisados mostraram a necessidade de os idosos construírem relacionamentos participativos e sustentáveis baseados na comunidade; de apoiar e sustentar projetos de pesquisa inovadores; de aplicar abordagens relevantes para ambientes rurais; de reconhecer e identificar a diversidade entre as populações rurais e desenvolver ações de enfrentamento macroestruturais, comunitárias e individuais. O enfrentamento da pandemia trouxe aos idosos aprendizados relacionados à lavagem das mãos, uso de máscara e oportunizou o crescimento da espiritualidade, da fé, da resiliência, da esperança, da readaptação e da recriação. Novas pesquisas tornam-se necessárias para dar visibilidade às estratégias de enfrentamento à pandemia de COVID-19 e qualificar o cuidado no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).

Jeong-Hyun Moon, Gyoungeun Park, Jung Eun Jang et al.

Background: Occipital neuralgia (ON) is an established risk factor for headaches in the posterior cervical region. Several conservative treatments by nerve decompression and pain relief are available for ON, but these treatments have limitations. Acupuncture treatment, which is known to demonstrate analgesic effects, involves various stimulation methods, and several studies have reported their clinical benefit. No recent systematic review (SR) has compared each acupuncture type for ON treatment. Thus, this SR aims to investigate the clinical effectiveness of each acupuncture type for treating ON. Methods: We will identify relevant studies using electronic databases, including EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Korean Studies Information Service System (KISS), Korean Medical Database, KoreaMed, and National Digital Science Library (NDSL) from the inception until August 2023. The primary outcome will include the numerical change of pain symptoms (visual analog scale and numerical rating scale) and effective rate. Safety and secondary outcomes will include adverse events and quality of life. We will compare the conservative treatment with the acupuncture treatment using network meta-analysis. The Cochrane Collaboration “risk of bias” tools will be used to assess the quality of included trials. The Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation will be used to examine the evidence level. Conclusion: This study will provide clinical evidence of several acupuncture types for ON and help clinicians decide on the best.

Clifford Afoakwah, J. Byrnes, P. Scuffham et al.

Abstract Separating selection bias from moral hazard in private health insurance (PHI) markets has been a challenging task. We estimate selection bias and moral hazard in Australia's mixed public‐private health system, where PHI premiums are community‐rated rather than risk‐rated. Using longitudinal cohort data, with fine‐grained measures for medical services predominantly funded by PHI providers, we find consistent and robust estimates of advantageous selection among hospitalized cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients. Specifically, we show that in addition to their risk‐averse attributes, CVD patients who purchase PHI use fewer services that are not covered by PHI providers (e.g., general practitioners and emergency departments) and have fewer comorbidities. Finally, unlike previous studies, we show that ex‐post moral hazard exists in the use of specific “in‐hospital” medical services such as specialist and physician services, miscellaneous diagnostic procedures, and therapeutic treatments. From the perspective of PHI providers, the annual cost of moral hazard translates to a lower bound estimate of $707 per patient, equivalent to a 3.03% reduction in their annual profits.

Athira Pratap, Eun-Jung Lim, Ihn-Sil Kwak et al.

This article presents a review of the current literature on the molecular mechanisms of treatment resistance in glioblastoma. As mounting research continues to explore novel methods of treating glioblastoma, from using organoid models for drug screening to developing novel cellular therapies, it is critical to understand the fundamental molecular landscape that makes glioblastoma difficult to treat. This review explores the means of chemoresistance to the conventional chemotherapy temozolomide. Consideration of DNA repair pathways, p53-mediated apoptosis and autophagy, convergent proliferation pathways, and epigenetic mechanisms demonstrate avenues for the development of sophisticated drug targets and combination treatments. Ultimately, this article highlights each of these mechanisms and presents referential material for future endeavors in organoid-based drug screening.

Jaqueline Naibert, Camila Giugliani

Trata-se de um produto técnico, em formato de Guia ou Manual, desenvolvido a partir dos diálogos realizados na pesquisa da Dissertação do Mestrado Profissional em Ensino na Saúde, com diferentes atores envolvidos na gestão, controle social, universidade e profissionais da saúde no cuidado em saúde mental na Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS). Serão apresentados um conjunto de diretrizes, abordando os temas e processos relativos à Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS), sistematizados a partir da análise dos diálogos entre a pesquisadora e os participantes da pesquisa. O objetivo é propor diretrizes para a Educação Permanente em Saúde Mental na APS. Estudo exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa.  A coleta de dados se deu por meio de diálogos baseados nas categorias freireanas do diálogo e problematização.  Os diálogos ocorreram em encontros virtuais individuais, por vídeo chamada, cumprindo com as recomendações para enfrentamento da pandemia por COVID-19. Foram evidenciadas cinco grandes categorias temáticas: assistência, gestão, saúde do trabalhador, trabalho em rede e pandemia COVID-19. Dentro de cada uma, surgiram subcategorias. Os participantes identificam que a EPS é uma grande chave para qualificar os atendimentos e o acompanhamento em saúde mental, bem como a importância de serem abordados, nas capacitações e seminários, temas que sejam praticados no cotidiano do trabalho. Como produto, foram elaboradas diretrizes para educação permanente em saúde mental na APS, que poderão ser usadas como guia para qualificar o cuidado em saúde mental. Palavras-chave: Educação Continuada. Saúde Mental. Atenção Primária à Saúde.