Based on the data of Chinese A-share listed “Specialized, Refined, Special, and New” (SRSN) small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from 2011 to 2023, this study examines the relationship and mechanism between institutional investors’ shareholding and enterprises’ new quality productivity through theoretical analysis and empirical research. The results show that institutional investors’ shareholding significantly promotes the new quality productivity of SRSN SMEs, and this effect is achieved by alleviating enterprises’ financing constraints. Finally, this paper puts forward policy suggestions including optimizing the financial support system, strengthening institutional investors’ sense of responsibility, and promoting regional coordinated development.
Financial risk management has evolved significantly over the past three decades, driven by the increasing complexity of global capital markets, regulatory developments following the 2008 global financial crisis, and the growing prominence of institutional investors as key intermediaries between capital markets and the real economy. Real sector enterprises, those engaged in manufacturing, agriculture, infrastructure, energy, and other productive industries, face a particularly demanding risk landscape characterized by market volatility, interest rate fluctuations, credit constraints, currency exposure, and supply chain disruptions
Introduction. The task of assessing industrial potential seems to be especially relevant for Russia. The presence of large-scale capacities, resource potential and specialists, combined with poor market knowledge and tougher competition, suggests that the regions of the Russian Federation are poorly using their industrial potential. As a result, industrial systems not only do not control their niche in the market, but their market positions is constantly becoming worse. In such conditions, it becomes necessary to search for and develop a new approach to assessing and managing the industrial potential of the regions of the Russian Federation. Goal. The study aims to develop risk analysis tools for the oil refining industry to assess the industrial potential of this industry. Materials and methods. To solve the tasks, methods of economic and mathematical modeling, system, technical, economic and financial analysis, expert methods, methods of research of operations and decision-making, mathematical statistics, general and special-purpose software MS EXCEL, STATISTICA, SPSS were used. Results and discussion. The use of the proposed methodological approach to risk assessment makes it possible to identify and prevent multiple hazards for enterprises in the industry that can negatively affect the operating activities of the company and create risks of its existence as a whole. The solution to the problem of effective minimization of risks in the oil refining sector should be based on a complete and adequate assessment of events and processes, both in the industry and in the country and in the world, which is the basis for the effective functioning of the enterprise and, as a direct result, of the regions as a whole, since, as historically developed, often these companies are city-forming. Conclusion. The studies conducted show that the issues of effective management of the industrial potential of the regions of the Russian Federation are especially relevant in conditions of lack of necessary resources. This determines the need for a comprehensive study of the industrial potential of the regions, the impact of the external and internal environment on it, and a study on the management of industrial potential.
Pengendalian inflasi menjadi prioritas penting pemerintah daerah, khususnya di Kota Malang yang memiliki dinamika harga bahan pokok cukup fluktuatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi pemerintah melalui Dinas Koperasi, Perindustrian, dan Perdagangan (Diskopindag) bersama lembaga terkait dalam menjaga stabilitas harga. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan wawancara, observasi, serta studi dokumentasi sedangkan pengolahan hasil wawancara meliputi transkripsi data, koding data, kategorisasi, interpretasi data dan penyajian data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengendalian inflasi dilakukan melalui beberapa langkah, antara lain pemanfaatan sistem SISKAPERBAPO dan SP2KP untuk pemantauan harga harian, intervensi distribusi barang untuk menjaga Harga Eceran Tertinggi (HET), edukasi pedagang melalui program SEPASAR PEDAS, serta implementasi Warung Tekan Inflasi (WTI) yang menyediakan bahan pokok dengan harga terjangkau. Strategi ini terbukti efektif menjaga stabilitas harga, meningkatkan kejujuran transaksi, serta mendukung terciptanya pasar yang sehat dan kondusif.
Economics as a science, Management of special enterprises
Kasra Khaghanizadeh, Mohammad Ghasemi, Abdolali Keshtegar
et al.
AbstractThe aim of the present study is to design and develop an innovative ecosystem model for small and medium-sized enterprises in Iran. The design of this innovation ecosystem model can act as a driving factor for involving various actors in the production, design, development and commercialization of innovative products and services in small and medium-sized enterprises. To achieve this goal, the meta-synthesis method was used and, according to previous studies, 1469 articles were selected and interpreted from among various articles. In fact, an interpretation beyond previous studies was obtained and in this method, the findings were combined and a comprehensive view of the phenomenon in question was obtained. Finally, 69 articles were selected using the screening method. The findings show that, according to the combination of studies conducted, the dimensions of the innovation ecosystem model in small and medium-sized enterprises include innovation in inputs, innovation in processes, innovation in outcomes and outputs, social innovations, strategy innovations, and environmental sustainability innovations. In fact, in addition to these dimensions, their indicators and components have also been extracted, which actually play a facilitating role in implementing the desired model. The results show that the innovation ecosystem model, which is the result of extracting indicators and components, can be applied in small and medium-sized enterprises.IntroductionToday, creativity and innovation and the ability to discover new opportunities are among the most essential characteristics of entrepreneurs. Competition in technology and ensuring and continuing life and survival in companies and industries require finding new solutions and methods of dealing with problems that depend greatly on innovation, creation of new products, processes, and approaches. In today's business world, some factors such as continuous and sometimes fundamental changes in technologies, emergence of new demands from customers, short product and service life cycles, disappearance of the boundary between industries and the constant presence of new entrants from different industries and many other factors have created a special space and as a result of these changes, companies are dependent on other companies and institutions to create value for their customers. Considering value creation from an ecosystem perspective is different from the traditional view, which is based on value creation by a specific company and is static. Therefore, to use ecosystems, companies need to change their perspective from a traditional and company-based and static view to an ecosystem view (Fuller et al., 2019). In the innovation ecosystem, key people are connected to many other factors in valuable interactions. One of the reasons for the increasing importance of innovation at the international level is the globalization of markets and the competitive pressure on companies to keep on seeking innovation. Innovation ecosystems connect the way actors, producers, service providers, end users, regulators, and civil society organizations to achieve a collective outcome (Zakobedes & Calleagues, 2017). Ecosystems similar to innovation ecosystems increase the sustainability of organizations and industries and can support their sustainable activities towards sustainable development (Reezner & Calleagues, 2019), because it is likely to have implications for both researchers and policymakers and practitioners (Dedhayer & Calleagues, 2018).Regarding the theoretical gap in the research, it can be said that by reviewing the research, it was found that limited studies have been presented in the field of designing and developing a coherent framework for the innovation ecosystem in small and medium-sized enterprises in the country, although many of these studies were very general or only analyzed the innovation ecosystem from one aspect (Holm & Ankarkrona, 2016). Also, regarding the necessity of conducting this research, it can be said that previous studies have mainly focused on the technological dimension of the ecosystem, which limits the possibility of examining and evaluating complex ecosystems (Chen et al., 2016). On the other hand, a large part of the studies have only examined a few ecosystem actors and the interactions between them, and have not comprehensively examined all stakeholders and the relationships between them (Motoyama & Knowlton, 2017). Today, designing an innovation ecosystem model can be considered as a stimulus to increase the performance of these small and medium-sized industries. In this regard, the present study attempts to, through the study of previous research, address the question of how the innovation ecosystem model in small and medium-sized enterprises is designed and developed using the meta-synthesis model.Theoretical frameworkIn the present era, innovation emerges when the organization seeks to respond to an environment in which it is operating under environmental disturbances, and this has caused managers to focus on organizational transformation in order to adapt and respond to changes in a timely manner and maintain the organization's competitive advantages, and they consider themselves in need of an appropriate leadership style and human capital management to deal with such changes (Veghry and Fileshver, 2024).Small companies may not grow with proper innovation management, but they can still survive. Companies that have planned innovation management well will be able to survive (Zoares Eskoober and Goozman, 2017). On the other hand, businesses also face obstacles, including restrictions and laws on content production and advertising, audience limitations, the impact of political and social crises, the presence of competition, references, government restrictions, unethical behavior of audiences and competitors, and systemic problems such as messaging bugs and lack of financial support, lack of sufficient facilities, and ideological limitations (Kafshdar Toosi, 2024). As Shompiter emphasizes, innovation is a powerful tool for new companies to successfully enter the market and challenge established companies. Also, established organizations need innovation to maintain their competitive position in the face of new and emerging or “disruptive” technologies (Cresstenson, 2010). Radical innovations are those that are developed by a company and are also innovations that are new to an industry (Reechesten and Salter, 2006). SMEs, known for their centralized management and informal structures, are therefore more prone to innovation. Companies that propose product innovation should focus on new product development or technological improvements, while companies that introduce new organizational methods such as process innovation should focus on knowledge and management culture (Ikermorat and Bardoogan, 2011). However, the most difficult task for SMEs is to realize this idea to meet demand. SMEs must follow several stages until the newly created product becomes marketable. New product development is a process in which new ideas are used in the final product and service. This process consists of six stages. Research and development stage, product design, concept testing, prototype, test marketing, and commercialization or launch. All these processes require resources and budget. Studies show that in Iran, not much research has been done so far on the topic of innovation ecosystem model in small and medium-sized companies and key players, and even practical models and patterns in this field. Considering that today advanced economies have placed innovation as their main factor and driver, developing countries need innovation in services and products to accelerate their growth and development. Considering the economic conditions of the country, many small and medium-sized companies cannot continue their production cycle.MethodologyThis research is applicable in terms of purpose, qualitative in terms of data collection, and with a meta-synthesis approach in terms of research implementation method. This research is based on the seven-step method of Sandelowski and Barroso (2007) in meta-synthesis.Research findingsIn this research, based on articles discovered from reputable journals and databases, 68 articles were fully reviewed and by combining the findings, six dimensions along with their indicators and components were identified for the innovation ecosystem, described below. Based on the results of the meta-synthesis, the dimensions of the innovation ecosystem can be categorized into six main areas, including input innovation, process innovation, strategy innovation, output and outcome innovation, social innovation, and environmental innovation.Conclusion The first dimension is the input innovation dimension, consistent with the research of Liang & Wang (2023) and Block et al., (2023), and based on the research conducted, it is suggested that in order to have an effective input in the field of innovation, its indicators and components need to be calculated in a real sense and in accordance with the environment in which it operates. These indicators and components include crowdfunding, launching a venture capital fund, hiring startup-minded employees, innovation in financing methods, etc. The second dimension is the process innovation dimension, which acts as a strategic role in converting inputs into outputs and, in a way, extracts accurate and correct outputs and actions after a targeted and effective analysis of inputs. The results of this dimension are consistent with the research of Piñera-Salmerón et al., (2023). In this dimension, indicators and components such as the production of artificial intelligence-based services, updating machinery and equipment, setting up a research and development unit, using artificial intelligence capabilities, smartening business processes, continuous product improvement, application of quality tools, redesigning parts and components, etc. are mentioned. The third dimension is innovation in outputs and outcomes, which are actually indicators such as obtaining an electronic trust mark, developing new product versions, setting up spin-off companies, using online sales platforms, developing the export of innovative products, obtaining a knowledge-based mark for products, commercializing innovative products, etc., and is consistent with the research of Jin & Li (2023). The fourth dimension is social innovation, the results of which are consistent with the research of Sampaio & Sebastião (2024), and these studies showed that this dimension facilitates the cooperation of non-governmental sectors and civil society to promote innovation and also influence the innovation process. In fact, social innovation is an environmental factor that plays a decisive role in the adoption of innovation and the production of innovation. The indicators of this dimension include the development of corporate citizenship behavior, the allocation of budget lines to the field of social responsibility, the creation of local networks for the exchange of knowledge and benefits, etc. The fifth dimension is innovation strategies, which is consistent with the research of Agazu & Kero (2024). The components of this dimension include the development of entrepreneurial culture, the development of digital entrepreneurship, co-creation in the production of new products, and the development of gradual innovation, and therefore it is suggested that strategy be considered as a facilitator of the role of the innovation path and the purposefulness of the innovation development process. The sixth dimension is environmental innovation, which includes indicators and components such as green innovation development, green management development, green product development, green marketing development, reduction of environmental pollutants, use of less polluting materials, etc., which is consistent with the research of Kirikkaleli et al., (2023). The three dimensions of social innovation, environmental innovation, and strategic innovation are considered as external environmental dimensions of innovation that affect the internal environment of innovation and in a way stimulate innovation. Any research or management action in the field of innovation ecosystems requires a precise understanding of the six dimensions.
Background: Foodborne disease is the contamination of pathogenic bacteria that multiply in drinks. Traditional jamu handlers, people who process conventional jamu, need to implement and understand the importance of personal hygiene to avoid bacterial contamination.
Aims: This study aimed to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitude, sanitation facilities and infrastructure, participation in counseling, and level of education with personal hygiene in traditional jamu handlers in Kiringan Village, Bantul District, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia.
Methods: This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design, involving 73 traditional jamu handlers who were selected by simple random sampling from a population of 90 handlers. The dependent variable was the personal hygiene of jamu handlers, measured using an observation checklist and categorized as "appropriate" or "not appropriate" based on an average score of 7.12. Independent variables included knowledge, attitudes, sanitation facilities and infrastructure, participation in counseling, and education level, which were assessed using questionnaires and observation sheets. Statistical analysis included identification of respondent characteristics to describe the sample and bivariate analysis to evaluate the relationship between independent and dependent variables.
Results: The finding of this study showed that the level of knowledge, attitude, availability of sanitation facilities, participation in food safety counseling, and education level had a significant relationship with personal hygiene practices in traditional jamu handlers. Higher education levels had the most significant impact on improving good hygiene practices.
Conclusion: Personal hygiene of handlers was influenced by knowledge, attitudes, sanitation facilities and infrastructure, participation in food safety counseling, and level of education. It is suggested to increase awareness and implementation of personal hygiene when processing traditional jamu and routinely attend food safety counseling to increase knowledge.
Received: 24 December 2024 | Reviewed: 28 December 2024 |
Revised: 13 January 2025 | Accepted: 23 January 2025.
This article proposes an interdisciplinary approach to analyzing the problems associated with the introduction of digital technologies into industry, with special attention to artificial intelligence. The author offers a methodological framework based on the principles of lean manufacturing and artificial intelligence to eliminate the identified gaps. To improve the efficiency of production systems, a model is proposed that combines the principles of lean manufacturing with digital tools such as artificial intelligence. The introduction of a new concept and method of production process management requires a revision of the project management strategy and organizational practices. As one of the main results, a project is proposed aimed at introducing lean and digital production methods using modern digital technologies. The introduction of digital technologies has led to the appearance of preliminary results that allow the heads of production departments to make informed decisions based on up-to-date data. Enterprises using the potential of artificial intelligence demonstrate higher efficiency, complete orders ahead of schedule and benefit customers through innovative software and algorithms. This approach allows organizations to effectively manage their activities, providing value to customers and increasing their satisfaction. Issues related to Industry 4.0, digitalization and artificial intelligence play a key role in the context of business transformation, therefore, the study of these aspects can be valuable both for the academic community and for the practical activities of companies.
Digital transformation in logistics Advancements in digital technology are transforming the logistics sector, leading to innovative ways of transporting, handling, and distributing goods globally. This study focuses on the challenges and strategies related to digital transformation among logistics service providers (LSPs). Challenges Facing LSPs. Modern LSPs encounter various challenges in the digital age, including Outdated infrastructure, complex data management, cybersecurity threats, a lack of skilled talent, and regulatory compliance, Key Success Factors: To succeed in digital transformation, LSPs should prioritize Strong and forwardthinking leadership Focusing on customer needs, Collaboration with stakeholders Allocating resources to enhance technology infrastructure. This analysis combines industry knowledge and case studies to pinpoint the most effective strategies for logistics service providers (LSPs) to excel in the digital age. LSPs can significantly enhance operational efficiency, customer experiences, and competitive advantage by implementing these best practices, which include leveraging data analytics, utilizing IoT devices, optimizing delivery routes using AI, and boosting supply chain visibility with blockchain technology. LSPs can adapt to the shifting dynamics of digitalization by comprehending and integrating its principles, opening up fresh prospects, addressing challenges, and establishing themselves for ongoing success in the increasingly digitized logistics environment.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh kepercayaan merek, brand ambassador dan word of mouth terhadap keputusan pembelian. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah konsumen produk kosmetik Wardah di Kota Semarang dan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling, yaitu metode pengambilan sampel berdasarkan pertimbangan khusus dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 responden. Teknik pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner melalui google formulir. Uji instrumen penelitian meliputi uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas. Uji validitas dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik analisis faktor sedangkan uji reliabilitas menggunakan tehnik cronbach’s alpha. Selanjutnya, analisis data menggunakan uji regresi linier berganda, uji koefisien determinasi (R2), uji f dan uji t yang diolah menggunakan IBM SPSS 26. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial kepercayaan merek, brand ambassador dan word of mouth berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian.
Economics as a science, Management of special enterprises
Hossein Tayebi Falehi, Reza Shajie, Shahram Alam
et al.
Purpose: This research aims to analyze the success process of Iranian wrestling based on Bosscher's championship sports development model. Materials andMethods: it is qualitative-quantitative research which is applied in terms of purpose; it is mixed exploratory research and it uses Grounded Theory in terms of methodology. The statistical population of the research was 14 managers, specialists, and experts selected through purposive and snowball sampling method via in-depth and semi-structured interview. At the same time, data was analyzed using the Glaser method, including open, selective and theoretical coding by MAXQDA software.Results: Data analysis was done in the quantitative section using a researcher-made questionnaire. The final model was obtained after passing all steps. The findings showed that public sport, governance and structure, research and innovation, supporting athletes, talent identification, and national and international competition are the main categories of the ultimate model of the current research.Conclusion: It can be concluded that, in addition to the need to pay attention to all these things, financial factors, human resources and communication with other organizations, especially the government and the Ministry of Sports, can lead to very important practical considerations for the future of wrestling.
Introduction. Today’s conditions once again prove that the activities of enterprises are influenced not only by economic factors, but also by political, social, demographic, medical, and informational factors. The full-scale invasion and war of Ukraine with Russia, the coronavirus pandemic, a change in the industrial paradigm, a new model of world perception caused a significant impact on the world economy and, especially, on the Ukrainian economy, as did the deepening globalization processes and crises. The above is both a source of financial threats and risks, and factors affecting the financial security of the country in general and economic entities in particular. Above all, the financial system is being activated, which is an independent segment of the economy and has significant potential, which determines its priority in the economic system. That is why financial security is now an important component of the management activity of the enterprise, the provision of which is given special attention and requires a systematic approach in the application of scientific theories with use in practical activities.Therefore, a comprehensive scientific study of the financial security management system in the context of its analytical substantiation using modern methods and models and the generalization of indicators for the determination and forecasting of prospective activities is important.Purpose. Сonsists in the study of the main approaches to the financial security of enterprises, the determination of the role of analysis as a functional component in the management of financial security and the components of the methodology of financial state analysis as a dominant indicator of financial security in the new paradigm of the management system.Methods. The research uses general scientific and empirical techniques and tools of economic science, methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, summary and grouping, structural-logical and tabular methods. The monographic method is applied - in order to study literary sources on financial security management and analysis of the financial state of enterprises; regulatory and legal support - for the purpose of characterizing the financial condition of enterprises.Results. The analysis of the main approaches of scientists to the definition and understanding of the financial security of enterprises was carried out and the opinion was supported that financial security is a system of quantitative and qualitative parameters of the financial state of the enterprise, which comprehensively reflect the level of its financial security. It was determined that the common definition and the main dominant indicator of the financial security of the enterprise is the indicator of the financial condition, which characterizes the level of its security at a certain point in time and is reflected by a certain set of parameters that require clear quantitative and qualitative formalization. The functional component of management is the analysis of the financial security of the enterprise. It is substantiated that the dominant indicator of the financial security of the enterprise is the indicator of the level of its financial condition, the analysis of which is an important element of the mechanism of ensuring the financial security of the enterprise.The analysis of the financial condition, as a component of the analysis of the financial security of the enterprise, should be carried out using indicators, methods, tools developed by specialists in financial analysis. The use of such methods as vertical, horizontal, coefficient, comparative and integral research methods in the analysis is determined. The assessment of the financial state, as an indicator of the financial security of the enterprise, is carried out with the help of a complex system of indicators, which characterize the financial and economic state of the enterprise in detail and comprehensively and are calculated systematically and dynamically. The optimal number of indicators and areas of analysis of the company’s financial condition have been determined. In addition, the efficiency and speed of response to the level of financial security of the enterprise in order to make management decisions and measures to maintain or increase it will provide a method of express analysis of the financial state of the enterprise using a limited number of indicators. Discussion. Currently, the issue of analytical support for financial security management plays a leading role in the information base and remains a weak link in management that requires strengthening and improvement. The formation of the financial and economic security of the enterprise is affected by changes that occur both in the external and internal environment of its functioning. These changes are characterized by instability and require rapid adaptation of enterprises to modern economic conditions, taking into account the factors of uncertainty and instability of the economic environment. A more detailed study of factors influencing the level of financial security of enterprises will be the subject of our further research.
Julian Senoner, Bernhard Kratzwald, Milan Kuzmanovic
et al.
To meet order fulfillment targets, manufacturers seek to optimize production schedules. Machine learning can support this objective by predicting throughput times on production lines given order specifications. However, this is challenging when manufacturers produce customized products because customization often leads to changes in the probability distribution of operational data -- so-called distributional shifts. Distributional shifts can harm the performance of predictive models when deployed to future customer orders with new specifications. The literature provides limited advice on how such distributional shifts can be addressed in operations management. Here, we propose a data-driven approach based on adversarial learning and job shop scheduling, which allows us to account for distributional shifts in manufacturing settings with high degrees of product customization. We empirically validate our proposed approach using real-world data from a job shop production that supplies large metal components to an oil platform construction yard. Across an extensive series of numerical experiments, we find that our adversarial learning approach outperforms common baselines. Overall, this paper shows how production managers can improve their decision-making under distributional shifts.
This paper introduces a unified framework for adaptive portfolio management, integrating dynamic Black-Litterman (BL) optimization with the general factor model, Elastic Net regression, and mean-variance portfolio optimization, which allows us to generate investors views and mitigate potential estimation errors systematically. Specifically, we propose an innovative dynamic sliding window algorithm to respond to the constantly changing market conditions. This algorithm allows for the flexible window size adjustment based on market volatility, generating robust estimates for factor modeling, time-varying BL estimations, and optimal portfolio weights. Through extensive ten-year empirical studies using the top 100 capitalized assets in the S&P 500 index, accounting for turnover transaction costs, we demonstrate that this combined approach leads to computational advantages and promising trading performances.
How should financial institutions hedge their balance sheets against interest rate risk when managing long-term assets and liabilities? We address this question by proposing a bond portfolio solution based on ambiguity-averse preferences, which generalizes classical immunization and accommodates arbitrary liability structures, portfolio constraints, and interest rate perturbations. In a further extension, we show that the optimal portfolio can be computed as a simple generalized least squares problem, making the solution both transparent and computationally efficient. The resulting portfolio also reduces leverage by implicitly regularizing the portfolio weights, which enhances out-of-sample performance. Numerical evaluations using both empirical and simulated yield curves support the feasibility and accuracy of our approach relative to existing methods.
The supply chain of MSME products in the context of export penetration is very important, but MSME actors have not been able to meet all export needs. This study aims to: 1) analyze the supply chain of MSMEs in the context of export penetration in the era of the covid-19 pandemic, and 2) examine the potential of MSMEs to develop in terms of corporate legality, industrial design, and brand registration, as well as the use of digital marketing. This research method was quantitative research with survey approach and normative empirical study. The population of this study was 134 MSMEs, samples from 63 MSMEs in Central Java (Brebes), West Java (Bogor), and the Special Region of Yogyakarta (Bantul). Quantitative data analysis used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach and analyzed with Smart PLS 3.3 software. The results of the study show: 1) the supply chain needs of MSMEs in penetrating the export market in the era of the covid-19 pandemic are very difficult; 2) MSMEs must be able to meet all export needs to create a balanced supply chain, 3) in order to prepare export-oriented MSMEs, they must first motivate and educate, establish policies that support their legality and export management.
shuvrangshu Jana, Rudrashis Majumder, Aashay Bhise
et al.
This paper discusses a Decision Support System (DSS) for cases prediction, allocation of resources, and lockdown management for managing COVID-19 at different levels of a government authority. Algorithms incorporated in the DSS are based on a data-driven modeling approach and independent of physical parameters of the region, and hence the proposed DSS is applicable to any area. Based on predicted active cases, the demand of lower-level units and total availability, allocation, and lockdown decision is made. A MATLAB-based GUI is developed based on the proposed DSS and could be implemented by the local authority.
Phosphorus (P) is considered to be one of the key elements for life, making it an important element to look for in the abundance analysis of spectra of stellar systems. Yet, there exists only a handful of spectroscopic studies to estimate the P abundances and investigate its trend across a range of metallicities. We have observed full HK band spectra at a spectral resolving power of R=45,000 with IGRINS instrument. Abundances are determined using SME in combination with 1D MARCS stellar atmosphere models. The investigated sample of stars have reliable stellar parameters estimated using optical FIES spectra (GILD; Jönsson et al. in prep.). In order to determine the P abundances from the 16482.92 Angstrom P line, we take special care of the CO($ν=7-4$) blend. We determine the C, N, O abundances from atomic carbon and a range of non-blended molecular lines (CO, CN, OH) which are aplenty in the H band region of K giant stars, assuring an appropriate modelling of the blending CO($ν=7-4$) line. We present [P/Fe] vs [Fe/H] trend for 38 K giant stars in the metallicity range of -1.2 dex $<$ [Fe/H] $<$ 0.4 dex. We find that our trend matches well with the compiled literature sample of prominently dwarf stars and limited number of giant stars. Our trend is found to be higher by $\sim$ 0.05 - 0.1 dex compared to the theoretical chemical evolution trend in Cescutti et al. 2012 resulting from core collapse supernova (type II) of massive stars with the P yields from Kobayashi et al. (2006) arbitrarily increased by a factor of 2.75. Thus the enhancement factor might need to be $\sim$ 0.05 - 0.1 dex higher to match our trend. We also find an empirically determined primary behaviour for phosphorus. Furthermore, the phosphorus abundance is found to be elevated by $\sim$ 0.6 - 0.9 dex in two metal poor s-enriched stars compared to the theoretical chemical evolution trend.
Enterprise financial risk analysis aims at predicting the future financial risk of enterprises. Due to its wide and significant application, enterprise financial risk analysis has always been the core research topic in the fields of Finance and Management. Based on advanced computer science and artificial intelligence technologies, enterprise risk analysis research is experiencing rapid developments and making significant progress. Therefore, it is both necessary and challenging to comprehensively review the relevant studies. Although there are already some valuable and impressive surveys on enterprise risk analysis from the perspective of Finance and Management, these surveys introduce approaches in a relatively isolated way and lack recent advances in enterprise financial risk analysis. In contrast, this paper attempts to provide a systematic literature survey of enterprise risk analysis approaches from the perspective of Big Data and large language models. Specifically, this survey connects and systematizes existing research on enterprise financial risk, offering a holistic synthesis of research methods and key insights. We first introduce the problem formulation of enterprise financial risk in terms of risk types, granularity, intelligence levels, and evaluation metrics, and summarize representative studies accordingly. We then compare the analytical methods used to model enterprise financial risk and highlight the most influential research contributions. Finally, we identify the limitations of current research and propose five promising directions for future investigation.
The utilization of management control systems in university management poses a considerable challenge because university's strategic goals are not identical to those applied in profit-oriented management. A university's management control system should take into account the processing of management information for management purposes, allowing for the relationships between different groups of stakeholders. The specificity of the university operation assumes conducting long-term scientific research and educational programmes. Therefore, the controlling approach to university management should considerat long-term performance measurement as well as management in key areas such as research, provision of education to students, and interaction with the tertiary institution's socioeconomic environment.This paper aims to develop a conceptual framework of the Intelligent Management Control System for Higher Education (IMCSHE) based on cognitive agents. The main findings are related to developing the assumption, model, and technological basis including the artificial intelligence method.