To address the limitations of current prosthetic knees that lack personalized adaptability to users’ gait characteristics and walking speeds, this study proposes a personalized gait parameter prediction–based speed-adaptive control method for a hybrid active–passive intelligent prosthetic knee (HAPK). The proposed system integrates a perceptron-based model to predict individualized gait parameters by mapping anthropometric data and walking speed to key points of the knee trajectory. A fuzzy logic–based damping control for the swing phase and a position–torque control for the stance extension phase are developed to achieve real-time adaptation to different walking speeds and user-specific biomechanics. The hybrid actuation system combines hydraulic damping and motor torque assistance to ensure both compliance and power delivery across gait phases. Experimental results from variable-speed walking tests demonstrate that the proposed control method improves gait symmetry indices—reducing stance and swing asymmetries by approximately 30–38%—and achieves smoother, more natural gait transitions compared to traditional fixed-gait control strategies. These findings validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in achieving continuous, personalized, and speed-consistent gait control for intelligent prosthetic knees.
Benjamin Monmege, Julie Parreaux, Pierre-Alain Reynier
Weighted Timed Games (WTG for short) are the most widely used model to describe controller synthesis problems involving real-time issues. Unfortunately, they are notoriously difficult, and undecidable in general. As a consequence, one-clock WTGs have attracted a lot of attention, especially because they are known to be decidable when only non-negative weights are allowed. However, when arbitrary weights are considered, despite several recent works, their decidability status was still unknown. In this paper, we solve this problem positively and show that the value function can be computed in exponential time (if weights are encoded in unary).
Wanjala Gidraf Joseph, Irene Wanjiru Muriithi, Mundu Mustafa Muhamad
et al.
The research explored the impact of advancing education opportunities in private universities on diversity and social inclusion in public universities in western Uganda. Institutional logic theory underpinned social inclusion and diversity in public universities, whereas marketization, neoliberalism, and institutional theories anchored opportunity expansion. The study adopted a cross-sectional design and quantitative approach. Seven hundred and forty-eight (748) lecturers constituted the target population, from which a sample of 302 responders was obtained. Information was collected through the Questionnaire. Data was analysed using Pearson r correlation coefficient at an alpha level of .05. Expanding opportunities and promoting social inclusion and diversity were found to be positively correlated (r (278) =.54, p =.030). The study concluded that social inclusion and diversity in public universities are positively correlated with the expansion of educational opportunities in private universities. The study recommended that, government implements policies that promote diversity and inclusion and prioritise funding for public universities.
This report introduces the application of two advanced intelligent models, an adaptively trained neuro-fuzzy inference logic in a hybrid configuration (Hybrid-ANFIS) and multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP-NN) to accurately determine the equilibrium sulfur adsorption in the liquid phase of hydrocarbon/ sulfur compound solution. Models were meticulously developed using a dataset of 107 empirical observations of seven types of sulfur compounds. These models incorporate the influence of input parameters, including initial sulfur level, adsorbent weight, molecular weights of the solvent and solute, densities of the solvent and solute, adsorbent particle diameter, temperature, and the Si/Al ratio of the adsorbent. Notably, the equilibrium sulfur adsorption amount was considered as the sole output variable. To evaluate the performance and precision of the implemented models, graphical representations and quantitative analyses were employed. Moreover, an assessment between the results of implemented models of the existing study and outcomes of previous reports were conducted. The results indicate that both developed models provide precise predictions. However, the Hybrid-ANFIS model demonstrates a strong correlation in predicting the adsorption empirical data, with an average absolute relative deviation of 0.36 % and an overall R2 value and 0.9997. In addition, superiority of the Hybrid-ANFIS model in providing the most reliable and accurate predictions of adsorption experimental data among all types of implemented models was concluded. This study sets a new benchmark in adsorption modeling by providing the most accurate and generalizable predictive framework to date.
Suman Lata Tripathi, Neeraj Nayan Prakash, Inung Wijayanto
Abstract Low power consumption and high speed are always concerns of IC designers. Increased transistor density increases the power density per unit chip and is a major parameter of chip reliability. Nanosheet transistors are a hybrid of multichannel, similar to MOSFET, and vertically aligned like FinFET, which is a suitable choice due to its reduced self-heating effects and high current drive capabilities. In this work, the heterojunction nanosheets demonstrate high switching current and good channel control due to multichannel and multigate features. The heterojunction nanosheet MOSFET is analyzed for electric field, channel potential, drain current, leakage current, threshold voltage, transconductance, subthreshold performance, and device switching current ratio. The analysis also explores the possibility of CMOS logic with the designed n & p-channel heterojunction nanosheet MOSFET at a 5 nm technology node. All the designs and simulations are performed using TCAD software, 2D and 3D visuals, and simulation data generation. The results show a very low leakage current and a good value of the Ion/Ioff current ratio. The designed n- and p-channel devices are also compared for compatibility in a CMOS logic circuit by implementing inverters, universal gate layouts, and verifying the functionality of the logic circuit.
Real-time audio/video transmission through Internet media is an important part of communication. Due to bandwidth limitations and a noisy environment, delivery of multimedia content to a remote location is not 100% guaranteed. These limitations are the basic cause of missing packets which affect the Quality of Service (QoS). A protocol for the recovery of lost packets is described in [Maxemchuk, Nicholas F., K. Padmanabhan, and S. Lo. “A cooperative packet recovery protocol for multicast video.” Network Protocols, 1997. Proc. of 1997 International Conference on. IEEE]. This protocol claims significant improvement in QoS. We formally specify the protocol in a network of timed automata. By model-checking (A mathematical technique), we find that packet recovery is not always there. In this article, We report such scenarios of malfunctioning in the protocol when the size of multimedia contents is known (e.g., live video/audio broadcasting) and middle-level servers have different rates of data sending and receiving. We formulate the effect of inter-packet delay and transmission speed difference on a buffer.
This paper shows path of controlling hybrid system with wind and diesel generators via a programmable logic controller, these systems produce the required electrical power from different sources. This system can be used in different areas that have wind speeds between (10-180) km/h. When the winds are within this range, then the wind turbine generator is starting and suppling the electrical power to the load, if there is any fault is occurred or the wind is not within the working range then the wind turbine generator ceases and the diesel generator will start and supply the electrical power to the load.
Highlights The review provides a comprehensive summary of performance limits of the single two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide (2D-TMD) transistor. The review details the two logical expressions of the single 2D-TMD logic transistor, including current and voltage. The review demonstrates the two calculating methods for dynamic energy consumption of 2D synaptic devices.
Given some links between Lyndon’s Interpolation Theorem, term distribution, and Sommers and Englebretsen’s logic, in this contribution we attempt to capture a sense of interpolation for Sommers and Englebretsen’s Term Functor Logic. In order to reach this goal we first expound the basics of Term Functor Logic, together with a sense of term distribution, and then we offer a proof of our main contribution.
In this paper the different salient features of the old and new version of Indian paper currency notes have been studied and compared. The list of security features of Indian currencies have been mentioned and discussed. Various kinds of conventional methods that are used to detect authenticity and to recognize a note has been explained. It has been observed that each technique has its own objective and significance. There are many conventional tools that can be used to recognize different features of a note. To classify different techniques, the detection method comprises of two parts i.e., the first line detection method and the second line detection method. Physical dimensions of a paper note along with its thickness have pointed out a new parameter which is the diagonal of a genuine currency note that has been calculated to obtain a proposed standardization and each value differs from different denominations. The classification of different Indian banknotes giving emphasis on its characteristics, both salient and security features, dimensions and detection methods has been mentioned and briefly explained. For validation of the paper currencies two methods have been discussed emphasizing on fuzzy logic framework by taking into consideration a 3-point likert scale and another validation methodology using digital image processing.
The category of space, originally related to the field of scientific knowledge of philosophy, became the subject of linguistic research in the XX century after the structurallinguistic turn and the Sepir-Whorf hypothesis, which allowed expanding the possibilities of philological analysis of literary texts. Space is closely related to the understanding of time, so it is still difficult to interpret these categories without appealing to another one. There are many approaches to the definition of « space»: through chronotope, locativity, and text-forming categories; researchers understand space as a «specific system of signs», a «modeling language», and spatial metaphors. Therefore, the relevance of the work is seen in the deepening of research affecting the art space.The article pays special attention to the typology of space in works of art. The novelty of the work is expressed in an attempt to identify and describe the linguistic features of the space of the otherworld, which was actively addressed by writers and playwrights of the Silver Age of Russian literature. This is explained by the fact that the subjective (that is, the space created by the author) has its own structure, independence, it is developed by the individual consciousness, which, in turn, is a historical consciousness with a space-time concept of an era, culture. The core of the work of the writers of the beginning of the XX century was not real life, but subjective visions and experiences, behind which the symbolists wanted to recognize the reflections of invisible fire, the radiance of mysterious worlds, meanings that could not be translated into the language of logic. Real space ceases to be real, it is a model, an imitation, a representation of the existing world in an abstract sense.The otherworld, which in dictionaries is understood as a space opposed to the real, as the space of a literary text has different characteristics: it does not necessarily belong to the locus of the fantastic or «unreal», its main feature is to enter into an antithesis with the space in which the hero is initially located, to be different from the «real» space by a set of not only external features, but also the state of the characters moving into it.The paper presents and describes the main linguistic units with which the space of the otherworld is verbalized in literary texts of the beginning of the XX century.
Law, History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
Information can be recorded in the quantum state and are transmitted via the physical channel. The theory of quantum coding and information theory quantum computing related. In any information system ( classical or quantum) will always contain errors, as there won’t be a complete
Abstract In reply to the claim that syntax is not taken into account in Linguistic Meaning Meets Linguistic Form, I show that local syntactic analysis has been implemented in the treatment of aspectual verbs and verbs of positive and negative recall, where the syntactic function of the -ing form as direct object of the main verb is put into relation with the main verb’s meaning as the basis for the inferences drawn concerning the temporal relation between the main verb’s event and that expressed by the complement. I argue that I have also developed new tools of syntactic analysis for the to-infinitive, demonstrating that it is not the direct object of the main verb, but rather a goal- or result-specifier, and showing how this accounts for the fact that its event is always understood to be somehow subsequent to that of the main verb. Regarding the applicability of formal semantics to natural language, I argue that the absolute priority accorded to the truth-functional dimension of language by this type of semantics leads to the artificial separation of use-conditions from truth-conditions, with the former being treated as an additional interpretational function added on to the truth-functional one. Contra the autonomous syntax claim that our desire to express meaning is to a great extent independent of the means we use to express those meanings, it is argued that how we perceive the world in our experience is influenced by our system of linguistic representation.
Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a widely used, powerful tool to identify and assess potential failure modes in products and to make products more reliable. Due to the complexity of products and lack of knowledge, FMEA involves many uncertainties in practice. In previous studies, numerous modified FMEA methods based on fuzzy logic and Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidence theory have been employed to address these uncertainties. These studies focus on how to handle uncertainties and to identify a more reliable prioritization of risk priority numbers (RPNs). However, studies have not sufficiently examined how many uncertainties are present in resulting RPNs. To better model and process various types of uncertainties in FMEA, two new area-based metrics are constructed in this paper. One is the interval area metric (IAM), which is used in RPN representation. The other is the dimensionless uncertainty metric (DUM), which is used to measure how many uncertainties there are in RPN. IAM is used to rank the risks in failure modes, and DUM is used to rank the uncertainties in failure modes. Then, an expert system is presented to qualitatively evaluate the DUM, which can help FMEA users intuitively judge whether further investigation should be performed to alleviate the epistemic uncertainties in each failure mode. Finally, a practical risk evaluation case regarding the grinding wheel system of a numerically controlled (NC) machine is provided to demonstrate the application and effectiveness of the proposed FMEA. The case study shows that the calculation programs of IAM and DUM do not require any assumptions or need to address conflict among experts. In addition, proposed method can not only give a more accurate rating of each failure mode, but also help designers intuitively see the uncertainty grade of each RPN, which is useful to help them understand FMEA results.
Jibril Bala, Olayemi Olaniyi, Taliha Folorunso
et al.
Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers and Internal Model Controllers (IMC) are effective tools in control analysis and design. However, parameter tuning, and inaccurate model representation often lead to unsatisfactory closed loop performance. In this study, we analyse the effect of PID controllers and IMCs tuned with Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Fuzzy Logic (FL), on a poultry feeding system. The use of GA and FL for tuning of the PID and IMC parameters was done to enhance the adaptability and optimality of the controller. A comparative analysis was made to analyse closed loop performance and ascertain the most effective controller. The results showed that the GA-PID and FL-PID gave a better performance in the aspect of rise time, settling time and Integrated Absolute Error (IAE). On the other hand, the GA-IMC and FL-IMC gave better performances in the aspect of the performance overshoot. Therefore, for processes in which a faster response and lower IAE are desired, the GA-PID and FL-PID are more effective while for processes in which the major objective is to minimise the overshoot, the GA-IMC and FL-IMC are more suitable.
Al-Farabi, known as Muallim-i Sani after Aristotle, is the founder of Islamic philosophy because of his works in the field of logic in the Islamic world as well as in the Turkish world. Although he is busy with all the sciences from theology to metaphysics, from philosophy to logic, from moral to politics, from physics to astronomy, and from psychology to music, Al-Farabi was mostly interested in philosophy, metaphysics, physics, morality and politics and he wrote more than 100 works large and small in Arabic; today only half of these works have reached to us. So we need to study and detailed research on these works. Al-Farabi obtained the logic and philosophy from Aristotle and the moral and political philosophy from the Platon. However, as in logic and philosophy, he made a new breakthrough in the moral and political philosophy by adding the thought of Islam and its own aesthetics and so, he is considered the founder of Islamic philosophy. In this online symposium, we will discuss his work at this article named “Siyase el-Mulukiyye” on the moral philosophy that is attributed to al-Farabi through Eflatun. Key words: al-Farabi, philosophy, manuscript, virtuous city, civil policy, the path of happiness.
Logic minimization has recently attracted significant attention because in many applications it is important to have a compact representation as possible. In this paper, we propose a fast minimization algorithm (FMA) of fixed polarity Reed-Muller expressions (FPRMs). The main idea behind the FMA is to search the minimum FPRM with the fewest products by using the proposed binary differential evolution algorithm (BDE). The BDE can efficiently maintain population diversity and achieve a better tradeoff between the exploration and exploitation capabilities by use of proposed binary random mutation operator and improved selection operator. The experimental results on 24 MCNC benchmark circuits demonstrate that the FMA outperforms the genetic algorithm-based and simulated annealing genetic algorithm-based FPRMs minimization algorithms in terms of accuracy of solutions and solving efficiency. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to use differential evolution algorithm to minimize FPRMs. The FMA can be extended to derive a minimum mixed polarity Reed-Muller expression.
The article presents the problem of describing the theoretical basis for inference (decision-making) in the multi-valued logic. A significant part of the article concerns the descrip-tion of the basis for the development of the logic k-value, where k = 2, 3, 4. In the work, as a basis for the development of multivalent logics, the interval suitability for two-valued logic has been taken. The third chapter is an example of diagnosing the technical object in the logic of 4-valuable.
Keywords: technical diagnostics, diagnostic reasoning, multivalent logic, artificial intelligence
Neutrosophic set concept is defined with membership, non-membership and indeterminacy degrees. This concept is the solution
and representation of the problems with various fields. In this paper, a geometric model is introduced for Neutrosophic data problem for the first time. This model is based on neutrosophic sets and neutrosophic relations. Neutrosophic control points are defined according to these points, resulting in neutrosophic Bezier curves.