Olivia Emelie Engström, Hisayo Katsui, Lieketseng Ned
People who sustain traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) often experience unmet rehabilitation needs. The aim of our research was to explore how the invisible aspects of traumatic brain injury affect the experiences of survivors of TBI in accessing the necessary medical, social, and financial assistance. Using Giorgi’s descriptive phenomenological inquiry, we purposefully sampled 11 participants who had experienced TBI when aged 13–27 for interviews. The time since their injuries ranged from 7 to 37 years. Three key themes emerged: (1) lack of knowledge and guidance in medical services, (2) lack of social service assistance, and (3) battles with insurance companies. Our findings show that, due to the hidden nature of TBI-related disabilities and a general lack of societal knowledge about TBI outcomes, survivors face significant difficulties in accessing essential medical, social, and financial services. This study underscores the critical need to address the challenges faced by youth survivors of TBI, as their injuries occur during a pivotal developmental phase when they are developing psychosocial skills, pursuing education, and transitioning into the workforce. Delays or lack of proper medical, social, and financial support hinder rehabilitation and the successful reintegration of these youth into society.
Vocational rehabilitation. Employment of people with disabilities
Abstract Background The advancement of nanotechnology underscores the imperative need for establishing in silico predictive models to assess safety, particularly in the context of chronic respiratory afflictions such as lung fibrosis, a pathogenic transformation that is irreversible. While the compilation of predictive descriptors is pivotal for in silico model development, key features specifically tailored for predicting lung fibrosis remain elusive. This study aimed to uncover the essential predictive descriptors governing nanoparticle-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Methods We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the trajectory of metal oxide nanoparticles (MeONPs) within pulmonary systems. Two biological media (simulated lung fluid and phagolysosomal simulated fluid) and two cell lines (macrophages and epithelial cells) were meticulously chosen to scrutinize MeONP behaviors. Their interactions with MeONPs, also referred to as nano-bio interactions, can lead to alterations in the properties of the MeONPs as well as specific cellular responses. Physicochemical properties of MeONPs were assessed in biological media. The impact of MeONPs on cell membranes, lysosomes, mitochondria, and cytoplasmic components was evaluated using fluorescent probes, colorimetric enzyme substrates, and ELISA. The fibrogenic potential of MeONPs in mouse lungs was assessed by examining collagen deposition and growth factor release. Random forest classification was employed for analyzing in chemico, in vitro and in vivo data to identify predictive descriptors. Results The nano-bio interactions induced diverse changes in the 4 characteristics of MeONPs and had variable effects on the 14 cellular functions, which were quantitatively evaluated in chemico and in vitro. Among these 18 quantitative features, seven features were found to play key roles in predicting the pro-fibrogenic potential of MeONPs. Notably, IL-1β was identified as the most important feature, contributing 27.8% to the model’s prediction. Mitochondrial activity (specifically NADH levels) in macrophages followed closely with a contribution of 17.6%. The remaining five key features include TGF-β1 release and NADH levels in epithelial cells, dissolution in lysosomal simulated fluids, zeta potential, and the hydrodynamic size of MeONPs. Conclusions The pro-fibrogenic potential of MeONPs can be predicted by combination of key features at nano-bio interfaces, simulating their behavior and interactions within the lung environment. Among the 18 quantitative features, a combination of seven in chemico and in vitro descriptors could be leveraged to predict lung fibrosis in animals. Our findings offer crucial insights for developing in silico predictive models for nano-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
Nabil Almalki, Mrim M. Alnfiai, Fahd N. Al-Wesabi
et al.
Internet of Things (IoT)-based human action recognition (HAR) has made a significant contribution to scientific studies. Furthermore, hand gesture recognition is a subsection of HAR, and plays a vital role in interacting with deaf people. It is the automatic detection of the actions of one or many subjects using a series of observations. Convolutional neural network structures are often utilized for finding human activities. With this intention, this study presents a new bat optimization algorithm with an ensemble voting classifier for human activity recognition (BOA-EVCHAR) technique to help disabled persons in the IoT environment. The BOA-EVCHAR technique makes use of the ensemble classification concept to recognize human activities proficiently in the IoT environment. In the presented BOA-EVCHAR approach, data preprocessing is generally achieved at the beginning level. For the identification and classification of human activities, an ensemble of two classifiers namely long short-term memory (LSTM) and deep belief network (DBN) models is utilized. Finally, the BOA is used to optimally select the hyperparameter values of the LSTM and DBN models. To elicit the enhanced performances of the BOA-EVCHAR technique, a series of experimentation analyses were performed. The extensive results of the BOA-EVCHAR technique show a superior value of 99.31% on the HAR process.
Vocational rehabilitation. Employment of people with disabilities
Working with others is key to professionalism but little attention has been given to how specific actions contribute to collective practices to secure shared ends in work. This essay considers how professionals’ actions connect with one another in distributed (multi-participant) work practices. Recently, Hopwood, Blomberg, Dahlberg and Abrant Dahlgren identified a new way of viewing how professionals in distributed practices coordinate their actions to accomplish shared ends, in terms of phenomena they describe as “connective enactments” and “collective accomplishments”. In this essay, we explore the possibility that these phenomena have far more general application than the cases studied by Hopwood et al. We use the theory of practice architectures to outline this more general account and test its viability in by examining a case of culinary services practices. This more generalised account may offer new ways to understand features of distributed work practices and enhance professional practice and learning.
AbstractThis article focuses on children taken by Istanbulite families for upbringing and employment in the Ottoman capital during the 1800–1900 period. It suggests that domestic child labor which was shaped by the concept of ‘charity’ and economic interests during the first half of the nineteenth century progressively turned into wage labor during the second half of the century. The study claims that the nineteenth century witnessed a transformation of labor relations in the domestic service market, implying the transition from reciprocal to commodified labor. The labor of children employed in domestic services underwent a monetization process throughout the nineteenth century. Parallel to this monetization, the status of children under foster care or in domestic service came to be determined by standardized legal contracts.
This study uses Norwegian public register data in a spatial correlation approach, and analyzes associations between regional variations in immigration and employment outcomes 2004–2015 in a cohort of adult residents (N = 1.3 million). A higher share of immigrants in the regional population and an immigrant population dominated by low-educated were associated with slightly negative work income trends and less employment opportunities for residents, in particular for low- educated natives and earlier immigrants. A steep increase in the immigrant share of the regional population was, on the other hand, associated with better employment outcomes for all analyzed resident categories. Overall, regional immigration differences were only modestly related to the out- comes. Findings indicate that the institutional context has limited the role of market mechanisms in the labor market, and a booming regional economy will tend to neutralize potentially negative effects of immigration on residents’ employment.
Mindfulness, as a multi-dimensional construct, plays a phenomenal role in employees’ career and organizations’ future. The present study intends to investigate the impact of mindfulness on career success, job adaptability and job burnout among the employees of public banks of Bushehr City. A sample size of 242 answered the questionnaires and structural equations modeling was applied. Results show that mindfulness has a positive significant impact on the variables of job adaptability and career success; whereas, it has a negative significant impact on job burnout. Moreover, job adaptability positively affects career success but it has a negative significant impact on job burnout. Career success, too, has a negatively significant impact on job burnout of the banks’ employees.
Economic growth, development, planning, Employee participation in management. Employee ownership. Industrial democracy. Works councils
AbstractThis article examines the historical processes by which low or non-caste groups have situated themselves in Pakistan's waste economy. Adopting caste as a category of governance, the colonial regime implemented policies and interventions that not only impacted these groups in the Punjab, but also cemented enduring connections between caste, waste work, and governance, which have subsequently shaped the trajectories of waste work in cities like Lahore. Moving beyond the framework of the “abject,” this article emphasizes caste as a historical category through which social stratification and exclusions have materialized across South Asia, and examines how low or non-caste groups have organized themselves in Pakistan's waste economy, which has resulted from rapid urbanization, bureaucratization and informalization, regional labor migration, consumptive economies, urban development, and sociopolitical relations. Rather than inhabiting the abjectness of capitalism, modernity, or caste hierarchy, this article argues that these groups have carved out a space for themselves and their wider social relations in cities like Lahore in Pakistan, where social inequalities and stratification are undeniable facets of urban life.
AbstractCheshire, Britain, and the towns of Widnes and St. Helens, where many of the world's first chemical factories and towns were created in the nineteenth century, is an especially important place to study historical responses to industrial pollution and its social costs. This paper, based on newly recovered archival sources about the Victorian alkali industry, explores the role of visual imagery, particularly drawings and lantern slides, in materializing the connection between labor in chemical trades, the disposal of waste, and poor health outcomes for diverse communities in the late nineteenth century. The paper will focus on the writer Robert Sherard's article “White Slaves of England” (1897), a work that, more than many of its time, drew national attention to the plight of nineteenth-century chemical workers by pictorializing the ways that work in heavy chemical industries, many of them involving waste and its disposal, affected individual workers and their lives. The paper concludes with critical reflections on the current state of scholarship on images, waste, and labor, areas for more needed work, and paths forward.
The aim of the article is to show how childhood research contributes to the understanding of culture and society. Through examples taken from different studies in child-institutions, it is argued that not only do such studies extend our knowledge of children's lives and contemporary conditions of childhood, they also provide insights into fundamental cultural values as well as in social divisions and reproductive dynamics of society.
Este artigo se propõe comparar a maneira na qual a questão do reconhecimento do trabalho é posta no modelo de Honneth e na psicodinâmica do trabalho. Mesmo se a questão do trabalho tenha sido central em Honneth, ela não ocupou sempre o primeiro lugar de sua reflexão, e esta foi visada segundo diferentes pontos de vista ao curso de sua evolução intelectual. Este é o encaminhamento que se propõe, num primeiro momento, retraçar a fim de fixar os termos de comparação. Mas o modelo de Honneth igualmente foi utilizado de diferentes maneiras por sociólogos do trabalho e, sobre este ponto também, a confrontação com psicodinâmica do trabalho mereceria ser desenvolvida, sugerir-se-á como emprega-la num segundo momento.
Special aspects of education, Labor. Work. Working class
Beginning with Brazil in 1964, continuing with Chile in 1973, and concluding with Argentina in 1976, the ABC powers of South America experienced civil-military coups and long-lived dictatorships that put an end to their democratic governments and programs of structural reform. Each coup reflected national circumstances and histories that differed from country to country—in Brazil, the military overthrew João Goulart's left populist government, in Chile, the Pinochet coup put an end to Allende's democratic road to socialism, while in Argentina, the military Junta and their civilian allies ended the left Peronist “revolutionary” project (already under attack from the Peronist right) and replaced it with a rightist “process” of their own.
Peyman Zamani, Ebtesam Hozeily, Neda Tahmasebi
et al.
Objectives: Learning disabilities can cause serious communication and socio-emotional disorders in students. Teachers, as specialists who are in direct contact with students on a daily basis, have an important role in identifying and referring students suspected of these disabilities. Therefore, this study investigated the role of primary school teachers’ awareness and attitude about the signs and symptoms of learning disabilities on the referral of students of Ahvaz City, Iran to speech therapy centers.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 165 elementary school teachers in Ahvaz in 2016-2017. The teacher’s awareness questionnaire was used to determine the teachers’ awareness level. A logistic regression test was used to explore the role of teachers’ attributes on the referral of students to speech therapies.
Results: The mean total score of teachers’ awareness about students’ learning disabilities was significantly different in the case and control groups (P<0.05). Teachers’ awareness scores had a direct and significant relationship with working experience (P<0.05) and participation in educational workshops (P<0.05). However, there was no significant relationship between the teachers’ awareness score with age and gender (P>0.05).
Discussion: Teaching experience, educational level, history of participation in educational workshops and the teachers’ awareness of learning disabilities are critical factors in referring students to speech therapy centers. It is recommended that teachers participate in workshops at regular intervals to update their knowledge on this topic.
Medicine, Vocational rehabilitation. Employment of people with disabilities
AbstractThis article examines the collapse of the citrus industry in València, Spain during the last years of World War I. In it, I argue that the strikes represent a key moment in the proletarianization of the region's agricultural working classes. By 1914, citrus had become one of Spain's most profitable exports, and prior to the 1917 crash, the landed and monied interests in control of the industry had enforced the notion of inter-class cooperation, which broke down under the economic stress of the War. In the wake of the collapse and the strikes that followed, workers began to organize in earnest and began to work towards improving working conditions and establishing fairer work contracts.
A Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) visa erradicar o analfabetismo, aprimorar a mão-de-obra e consolidar a cidadania de sujeitos excluídos precocemente da educação regular. Jovens e adultos chegam às escolas tendo experiência profissional e buscando ascensão profissional, o que exige metodologias de ensino diferenciadas. Entretanto, docentes utilizam as mesmas metodologias da educação regular. Isso pode ser resultado da falta de fiscalização e investimento do Ministério da Educação (MEC) nas universidades, da deficiência formativa oferecida por elas e pela falta de iniciativa dos licenciandos. Portanto, se fundamenta a necessidade de discussões sobre a EJA, principalmente para docentes em formação. Aqui, resumo o histórico da EJA e da formação de professores no Brasil; relato e discuto brevemente minha experiência no curso de licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia e docência nas escolas da rede estadual de ensino. Concluo que: (i) os estágios supervisionados são importantes para que os licenciandos conheçam a realidade da EJA, embora considerados insuficientes para o exercício profissional nessa modalidade; (ii) é necessária uma maior produção de estudos nas universidades, visando dar maior fundamentação teórica à EJA, e (iii) quem escolheu ser professor deve adaptar sua prática à realidade dos estudantes.
Social Sciences, Labor in politics. Political activity of the working class
Natália Ferreira Silva, Natália Madureira Ferreira, Nicole Geovana Dias Carneiro
Primary Care should be the preferential contact of users and the
main gateway to the health care network, since it covers health
promotion and protection, aiming to develop comprehensive
care that impacts on the health situation and the autonomy of
the people, in the determinants and conditioners of health of the
collectivities. The Family Health teams (ESF) are composed of
several professionals, among them we highlight the community
health agents (ACS) who play a strategic role with the ESF.
Therefore, the objective of this study is to report the experience
of conducting a group with ACS, developed with participatory
methodology, with the purpose of assisting in the process of
permanent education. The activities of permanent education
were carried out in four Basic Units of Family Health (UBSF)
and were carried out in four meetings. It is believed that the
reorganization of the work process is favored by the permanent
education program, since the ACS represent the initial link of
the work. Finally, we verified that the development of the project
made it possible to reflect on the process of building popular
education in health, consolidating knowledge that can actually
promote health.
Social Sciences, Labor in politics. Political activity of the working class