Hasil untuk "Information technology"

D. Prajogo, Jan Olhager

Ying Lu, K. Ramamurthy

Melinda Buntin, M. Burke, M. Hoaglin et al.

J. Jasperson, Pamela E. Carter, R. Zmud

B. Reich, I. Benbasat

Patrick Y. K. Chau, P. H. Hu

L. Hitt, Erik Brynjolfsson

Sandra E. Black, L. Lynch

J. Fountain

Anol Bhattacherjee, C. Sanford

L. Lapointe, S. Rivard

Sarv Devaraj, R. Kohli

Yannis Bakos, M. Treacy

Fengsheng Chien, Ahsan Anwar, Ching-Chih Hsu et al.

Sustainability through information and communication technologies is a complex matter, raising interesting debate among researchers. Pursuing the same, this research investigates the impact of information and communication technologies, economic growth, and financial development on carbon dioxide emissions by simultaneously testing the Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in BRICS countries. In doing so, this study employs Methods of Moments Quantile Regression, which confirms that the effects of the explanatory variables vary across different quantiles of carbon dioxide emissions. The overall results indicate that economic growth and financial development contribute to carbon dioxide emissions across all quantiles, while information and communication technologies significantly mitigate the level of carbon dioxide emissions only at lower emissions quantiles. Moreover, the results confirm the presence of the EKC hypothesis. Interestingly, the effect of economic growth and information and communication technologies on carbon dioxide emissions is lowest in magnitude at lower quantiles and highest at higher quantiles of carbon dioxide emissions. The empirical findings of DH panel heterogenous causality test confirm bidirectional causality between the model parameters, indicating that any policy intervention concerning explanatory variables significantly causes carbon dioxide emissions and vice versa. The results set out the foundation for policymakers to devise a policy framework to attain the objectives of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

M. Mackert, Amanda Mabry-Flynn, Sara E. Champlin et al.

Background Approximately one-half of American adults exhibit low health literacy and thus struggle to find and use health information. Low health literacy is associated with negative outcomes including overall poorer health. Health information technology (HIT) makes health information available directly to patients through electronic tools including patient portals, wearable technology, and mobile apps. The direct availability of this information to patients, however, may be complicated by misunderstanding of HIT privacy and information sharing. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether health literacy is associated with patients’ use of four types of HIT tools: fitness and nutrition apps, activity trackers, and patient portals. Additionally, we sought to explore whether health literacy is associated with patients’ perceived ease of use and usefulness of these HIT tools, as well as patients’ perceptions of privacy offered by HIT tools and trust in government, media, technology companies, and health care. This study is the first wide-scale investigation of these interrelated concepts. Methods Participants were 4974 American adults (n=2102, 42.26% male, n=3146, 63.25% white, average age 43.5, SD 16.7 years). Participants completed the Newest Vital Sign measure of health literacy and indicated their actual use of HIT tools, as well as the perceived ease of use and usefulness of these applications. Participants also answered questions regarding information privacy and institutional trust, as well as demographic items. Results Cross-tabulation analysis indicated that adequate versus less than adequate health literacy was significantly associated with use of fitness apps (P=.02), nutrition apps (P<.001), activity trackers (P<.001), and patient portals (P<.001). Additionally, greater health literacy was significantly associated with greater perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness across all HIT tools after controlling for demographics. Regarding privacy perceptions of HIT and institutional trust, patients with greater health literacy often demonstrated decreased privacy perceptions for HIT tools including fitness apps (P<.001) and nutrition apps (P<.001). Health literacy was negatively associated with trust in government (P<.001), media (P<.001), and technology companies (P<.001). Interestingly, health literacy score was positively associated with trust in health care (P=.03). Conclusions Patients with low health literacy were less likely to use HIT tools or perceive them as easy or useful, but they perceived information on HIT as private. Given the fast-paced evolution of technology, there is a pressing need to further the understanding of how health literacy is related to HIT app adoption and usage. This will ensure that all users receive the full health benefits from these technological advances, in a manner that protects health information privacy, and that users engage with organizations and providers they trust.

Xinyi NING, Yihan CHEN, Minjuan ZHAO

The development of Internet information technology has given digital agricultural technology extension services advantages over earlier agricultural technology extension models, rendering them more conducive to the pursuit of sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural development. This study leveraged survey data from 1167 farmers in Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces and used the propensity score matching method to elucidate the impact and mechanism of the digital agricultural technology extension service on the adoption of organomineral fertilizer. The results indicate that farmers who had used digital agricultural technology extension services had a 7.2% to 10.2% increase in the probability of adopting organomineral fertilizer compared with their non-user counterparts. In addition, adoption intensity increased from 7.0% to 9.9%. Secondly, digital agricultural technology extension services indirectly influence farmer adoption behavior by shaping their perceptions of benefits and reducing transaction costs. Also, this study examined the heterogeneity in the adoption of organomineral fertilizer facilitated by digital agricultural technology extension services. The findings of this study provide policy recommendations for advancing the use of digital agricultural technology extension services and enhancing organomineral fertilize adoption rates of farmers.

Chao Wang, Jun-Feng Hao, He Huang et al.

Traffic flow forecasting is a critical and essential technology in the field of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), as it plays a pivotal role in optimizing traffic management, improving road safety, and enhancing the overall efficiency of transportation networks. However, current research neglects the relationships between the local and global traffic flow data. Additionally, the predefined static graph structure fails to adequately capture the dynamic spatial features of traffic flow. To address the these challenges, this paper proposes a Dual-Channel Dynamic Gated Spatio-Temporal graph network (DC-DGST) for traffic flow prediction. We consider hourly slices as the local feature and daily slices to be the global feature of traffic flow. The DC-DGST framework employs a dual-channel structure to capture spatiotemporal dependencies between global and local features. It transforms the predefined static graph into a dynamic graph, enabling the establishment of connections between input data and historical information. Furthermore, we design gated spatio-temporal blocks based on residual structures within the spatio-temporal module. Specifically, we utilize Graph Gated Neural Networks (GGNNs) to learn and integrate both static and dynamic graphs, while Transformer encoders are used to capture long-range dependencies in the temporal sequence. We conducted a series of experiments on four publicly available benchmark datasets: PEMS03, PEMS04, PEMS07, and PEMS08. The results demonstrate that our model significantly outperforms baseline models. Moreover, the dual-channel structure effectively captures the correlation between local and global traffic flow features, while the dynamic graph enhances the model&#x2019;s overall performance.

Celia Sifre-Armengol, Jose M. Pavía, Josep Lledó Benito

BACKGROUND: Analysing mortality is relevant for decision-making. Life tables have traditionally been based on age and sex, assuming homogeneous mortality rates within these groups. This omits other factors that could affect mortality risks. Advances in information technology and improved access to official microdata now enable the construction of life tables that incorporate additional variables, offering a more detailed analysis. OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to expand the classical approach of using age and sex by integrating additional risk factors related to the area of residence. Specifically, the factors of climate, habitat size, and income are considered, using detailed georeferenced population data at the census level. Additionally, we aim to estimate future central death rates using various forecasting models. METHODS: Utilising almost 2 billion microdata events from the Spanish population between 2010 and 2019, we begin by estimating new life tables that incorporate climate, habitat size, and income as risk factors. Then, after addressing random variations, erratic peaks, and the unexplained observed decline in mortality at extreme older ages, we use a triad of classical longevity models to project future mortality trends. All the generated data are offered in a public repository. CONTRIBUTION: The database introduced in this paper can be used by social planners, demographers, and insurers, as well as being employed to validate existing findings and explore new research questions, particularly within the demographic and actuarial-economic fields.

Elinor Randi Schoenfeld, Tracy Trimboli, Kaylyn Schwartz et al.

By 2050, most adults aged 65 and older in the United States will want to age independently at home, a goal that will strain healthcare resources. Adults aged 50 and older (N = 112) were recruited for study participation between 2018 and 2022. They completed surveys and participated in discussion sessions to explore their needs and opinions regarding smart home sensors. Survey results indicated that older adults’ comfort with smart home sensors increased with their perceived need for monitoring when home alone (OR = 1.46; <i>p</i> = 0.012) or sick/recovering from an illness (OR = 2.21; <i>p</i> < 0.001). When sick compared to when healthy, individuals were 2.65 times more likely to prefer installing multiple sensors in the living room, 1.75 times more likely in the kitchen, 3.66 times more likely in the bedroom, and 3.41 times more likely in the bathroom (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Regarding data sharing, participants were most willing to share information with healthcare providers and family members on a regular basis (80 and 81%, respectively) and 71% on a regular basis or when sick/recovering. Comfort with data sharing with professional caregivers (OR = 1.67; <i>p</i> = 0.0017) and monitoring companies (OR = 1.34; <i>p</i> = 0.030) significantly increased when sick/recovering. Discussion sessions highlighted overwhelming concerns about personal security/privacy, loss of independence, and ethical issues in data collection. Participants emphasized the need for new systems to be flexible, cost-effective, user-friendly, and respectful of user autonomy, accommodating diverse life stages, comfort levels, home environments, income levels, and support structures. Insights are now informing sensor data collection in our model home. Study findings underscore the importance of involving potential users in technology development to create effective and acceptable solutions for aging in place.

A. Yu. Mikhaylov

The article presents an in-depth analysis of the formation and development of the capital market (stocks and bonds segment) in China. The factors determining the valuation of shares that are in circulation are highlighted. While the first factor identifies an assessment based on the company’s financial statements, the second factor considers current market conditions and investor sentiment. Examining historical data, it is interesting to note that from 2000 to 2006, the total market capitalization of stocks remained stable and amounted to a substantial 4 trillion yuan. However, in 2007 There was a significant shift when the market capitalization grew significantly and reached as much as 30 trillion yuan. This sudden growth can be explained by various reasons, such as increased investor confidence, favorable economic conditions and the introduction of progressive financial regulation. In addition, it is important to note that in the same year, the Shanghai Composite index (a key indicator of the Chinese stock market) reached an unprecedented value of 6,123.04 points. This indicator demonstrated the stability and potential of the Chinese capital market, and attracted both domestic and international investors. Thus, the analysis presented in the article reveals the intricacies of the Chinese capital market and the mechanisms of its assessment. This analysis establishes the importance of both book value and market value in determining the valuation of outstanding shares. In addition, historical trends have highlighted the resilience and vulnerability of the market to external shocks, as evidenced by significant fluctuations in market capitalization. In general, this study helps to understand the Chinese capital market and its evolution over time.