Abstract Background Left-behind children (LBC) with depression risk exhibit a higher suicide risk than their peers. To better understand the psychological mechanisms contributing to elevated suicide risk, this study employed a person-centered approach to systematically identify latent subgroups of suicidal ideation, with a particular focus on the roles of positive and negative suicidal ideation, and to investigated their differential responses to simulated interventions. Methods From the Psychological Healthcare Guard Children and Adolescents Project of China cohort, 10,852 left-behind children with depression risk were selected. Using self-reported demographic data, depressive symptoms, and positive and negative suicidal ideation, we conducted latent profile analysis, network analysis, and computational simulation to evaluate the effects of key intervention targets. Results Latent profile analysis identified three suicidal ideation subgroups—low, moderate, and high (40%, 39%, and 21%, respectively)—with significant differences in depression levels across groups. The Ising network model revealed that the most influential node in the overall sample was the negative suicidal ideation (SN08: Frustrated in life), whereas positive suicidal ideation nodes (SP03: Satisfied with life and SP06: Confident about the future) dominated in all subgroups. Simulated interventions showed that positive ideation nodes had the greatest impact on suicidal ideation risk, particularly in the high-risk group, where risk scores increased by 1.9 points under the aggravation intervention, highlighting the pivotal role of positive emotion-focused interventions. Conclusions This study offers novel insights into suicidal ideation among left-behind children with depression risk, from an individual-centered level, demonstrating that positive suicidal ideation plays a more important role than negative ideation in both aggravation and alleviation intervention effects, with key targets varying across subgroups. Targeted interventions prioritizing positive ideation in high-risk groups are recommended to optimize prevention and treatment strategies.
Brad W. Brazeau, John A. Cunningham, David C. Hodgins
Background: Self-paced internet interventions for gambling problems offer cost-effective, accessible, and private alternatives to traditional psychotherapy for a population that rarely seeks help. However, these interventions have been relatively slow to develop, evaluate, and deploy at scale relative to those for other addictive behaviors. Moreover, user engagement remains low despite the high interest. Motivational interviews have improved the effectiveness gambling bibliotherapy but have not been augmented with an analogous web-based self-guided program. Objectives: This trial aimed to replicate and extend prior work by translating a paperback workbook to the internet and pairing it with a single motivational interview. It was hypothesized that the motivational interview would enhance program engagement and gambling outcomes. Methods: A two-arm randomised controlled trial was conducted. Treatment-seeking Canadian adults recruited solely via social media received one year of access to a web-based self-guided program, either alone (N = 158) or in combination with a virtual motivational interview completed upon enrolment (N = 155). The program was based on principles of cognitive-behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing. Gambling severity, expenditures, frequency, and duration were assessed via online questionnaires at baseline and 3-, 6-, and 12-months post-baseline, along with secondary outcomes (i.e., depression, anxiety, nonspecific psychological distress, alcohol consumption). Results: Baseline characteristics were indicative of severe gambling problems and concurrent mental health problems but not problematic alcohol consumption in this sample. Both treatment groups demonstrated roughly equal improvements across all gambling outcomes and most secondary outcomes over time, except alcohol consumption, which did not meaningfully change. Changes were most prominent by 3 months, followed by more gradual change by 6 and 12 months. Only 57 % of gamblers who were assigned to receive a motivational interview completed that interview. About 40 % of users did not complete any program modules and 11 % completed all four. No group differences in program engagement were observed, although the number of modules completed was associated with greater reductions in gambling behaviors in both groups. Discussion: The problem of user engagement with web-based self-help programs remains. There is a dose-response relationship between engagement and outcomes when engagement is measured in terms of therapeutic content completed. Conclusions: The addition of a motivational interview to a web-based self-help program for gambling problems was unsuccessful in improving engagement or outcomes. Future work should aim to make self-guided programs more engaging rather than solely making users more engaged. Trial registration: Registered on 7 July 2020 (ISRCTN13009468).
Amel Achour-Benallegue, Jérôme Pelletier, Jérôme Pelletier
et al.
Various objects and artifacts incorporate representations of faces, encompassing artworks like portraits, as well as ethnographic or industrial artifacts such as masks or humanoid robots. These representations exhibit diverse degrees of human-likeness, serving different functions and objectives. Despite these variations, they share common features, particularly facial attributes that serve as building blocks for facial expressions—an effective means of communicating emotions. To provide a unified conceptualization for this broad spectrum of face representations, we propose the term “facial icons” drawing upon Peirce’s semiotic concepts. Additionally, based on these semiotic principles, we posit that facial icons function as indexes of emotions and intentions, and introduce a significant anthropological theory aligning with our proposition. Subsequently, we support our assertions by examining processes related to face and facial expression perception, as well as sensorimotor simulation processes involved in discerning others’ mental states, including emotions. Our argumentation integrates cognitive and experimental evidence, reinforcing the pivotal role of facial icons in conveying mental states.
Yingna Lin, Baiyu Chen Department of Marxism, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yingna Lin, Email linyn723@nenu.edu.cnIntroduction: The Internet has caused a great impact on everyone’s psychology. Under this background, it is necessary to study whether Marxism can affect college students’ mental health.Methods: Firstly, the introduction explains China’s concern for college students’ mental health and the research achievements. Then, in the method part, this paper analyzes the thoughts and connotations of basic Marxist theory, quality education, and mental health education, mainly studying the changes brought by the Internet to the development of Marxism and the mechanism and influence of Marxism on mental health education. The questionnaire survey is used to investigate the mental health of college students and the current situation of Marxist ideological and political education.Results: The results show that most college students are not interested in ideological and political education, and from the investigation results of five major factors of life stressors and five indicators of psychological crisis factors, it is concluded that college students’ life stressors are the risk factors that induce psychological crisis tendency.Discussion: The discussion part shows that it is necessary to cultivate the core quality of college students’ development through Marxism, and pay attention to actively preventing and intervening the psychological crisis of college students. This paper analyzes and confirms the effectiveness of Marxist theory on the development of mental health, injects fresh blood into the future ideological and political education and the research of college students’ mental health education, and provides theoretical and experimental reference and new ideas. The research has practical reference value for promoting the deep integration of data-driven Marxist basic theory and college students’ mental health monitoring.Keywords: basic theory of Marxism, mental health of college student, data driven, ideological and political education
Zeki Akyildiz, Yılmaz Yüksel, Yaşar Birgonül
et al.
Abstract Background Turkish Super League teams need more information about the external load. Considering the specific country and the coaches’ philosophies, the purpose of this study was to compare the external match load of a Turkish Super League team considering the different playing positions and in-season periods. Methodology A longitudinal study design was employed by observing 29 official matches of the same team. A total of fifteen players, consisting of five defenders, five midfielders, and five forwards, were analyzed using the Sentio Sports Optical Tracking System. The following outcomes were extracted in each match: total distance (TD), walking [from 0 to 7.2 km/h], jogging [from 7.2 to 14.4 km/h], running [from 14.4 to 20 km/h], high speed running (HSR) [> 20 km/h], metabolic power (MP), maximum deceleration (Decmax) [Dec < -3 m/s2], total deceleration distance (Dectotal), maximum acceleration (Accmax) [Acc > 3 m/s2], and total acceleration distance (Acctotal). Statistical analysis consisted of ANOVA and Bonferroni correction post hoc tests. Results The main results showed that all variables were similar between periods of the season (p > 0.05) except for walking (p = 0.021 witha large effect size), which revealed lower values in the mid-season period. When analyzing periods of the season considering playing positions, there were several significant results for TD, walking, jogging, running, HSR, Dectotal and Acctotal (p < 0.05, with small to large effects). A tendency for higher values was noted in the mid and end-season. Considering the playing positions comparisons, midfielders showed higher values than defenders for TD, MP, Dectotal and Acctotal (p < 0.05 with large effect for all). Midfielders also showed higher values than forwards for TD, jogging, Dectotal and Acctotal (p < 0.05 with a large effect for all). Conclusions The present study emphasizes the significance of analyzing data based on minute, playing position, and season period. Findings reveal that defenders consistently displayed the lowest values in all external load measures during matches compared to other positions throughout the season. Furthermore, midfielders demonstrated a higher activity profile during the initial and middle stages of the season compared to other positions, with a slight tendency to decrease load towards the end of the season.
Background: Psychiatric comorbidity in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) has been associated with an earlier onset, rapid cycling, worsening severity and outcome, and increased suicidality. Patients with BD have been reported to have poor quality of life (QOL) even during remission. Aims and Objectives: Estimate the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity and assess the QOL in patients with BD, and find the associated sociodemographic and clinical variables. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in a general hospital psychiatric unit on 100 patients (both inpatients and outpatients) with DSM-IV-TR BD in partial or complete remission. Patients were assessed using a semi-structured pro forma, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 6.0 - Hindi version, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression or Young Mania Rating Scale and World Health Organization QOL instrument, short-form (WHOQOL-BREF), Hindi Version. Results: Sixty-one percent of the sample had at least one psychiatric comorbidity, and the commonest comorbid disorders were substance use disorders (SUD) (30%) and anxiety disorders (AD) (28%). Male gender was identified as a predictor for comorbidity in BD. The mean QOL-BREF score was 85.96 ± 14.35. Poor QOL was associated with older age at onset of comorbidity, multiple comorbidities, mixed episodes, rapid cycling, partial remission, and increased severity of depression while patients with current hypomanic symptoms were found to have better QOL. BD with comorbidity had worse QOL than those without comorbidity.Conclusion: The majority of patients with BD had at least one comorbidity. SUD were the most common comorbid disorders. QOL, already poor in BD patients, was poorer in cases with comorbidity.
Anna Sofia Bratt, Maude Johansson, Mats Holmberg
et al.
Background: Severe stress is one of the most common causes of sick leave in Sweden. Previous research has shown that compassion interventions for healthcare professionals can decrease work-related stress through the introduction of self-care, self-awareness, and emotion regulation abilities when experiencing difficult situations. Internet-based stress management interventions have hitherto shown promising results in reducing stress. However, further research is needed to examine the effectiveness of internet-based compassion interventions for healthcare professionals. Objective: In the present study protocol, a randomised controlled trial is described, aiming to examine the effects of an internet-based compassion course for healthcare professionals on work-related stress and stress of conscience. Method: Healthcare professionals will be offered an internet-based stress management course of five modules across a period of five weeks. The design is a randomised controlled study consisting of three groups enrolled in one of the following: a compassion course (n = 120), a cognitive behavioural stress management course (n = 120), or placed on a waitlist followed by either the compassion course or the cognitive behavioural stress management course (n = 36). We hypothesise that the internet-based compassion course would reduce the participants’ stress of conscience to a greater degree compared to the other two groups. The secondary hypothesis is that the compassion course would increase the participants’ professional quality of life (i.e., higher job satisfaction and lower empathy fatigue) and self-compassion. In addition, the internet-based compassion course is expected to reduce the participants’ work-related stress and sick leave rates to the same degree (non-inferiority) as the cognitive behavioural stress management course and to a higher degree when compared to the waitlist condition. The primary outcome measure is the Stress of Conscience Questionnaire (SCQ) and the secondary outcome measures are the Professional Quality of Life Scale (PROQOL), the Work-related Stress Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ), and the Self-compassion Scale (SCS). Assessments will be performed at baseline, four weekly assessments during treatment, post-treatment (5 weeks), and follow-ups at 10 weeks, 15 weeks, and 6 months. The repeated measures data will be analysed using a generalised estimating equation for repeated measurements to examine whether changes over time differ between the groups and whether the improvements persist over time. Discussion: The clinical trial is expected to provide novel data on the effects of compassion interventions and add to the existing knowledge of internet-based interventions for stress management in healthcare professionals.
COVID-19 has forced people to spend more time indoors due to lockdown and social distancing, and clients demand personalized indoor spaces designed to increase individual satisfaction indoors. Consequently, various fourth industrial revolution technologies have been applied to support construction spaces to satisfy those clients lacking architectural knowledge and experience by reflecting individual tendencies and perceptions to build personalized indoor spaces. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how users evaluate the space according to behaviors and emotions felt in the space. A systematic review is performed to integrate significant categories from multiple disciplines to investigate the various decision-making aspects. In this study, 124 papers were selected, applying the PRISMA checklist to conduct a systematic literature review with scientometric analysis to propose a conceptual framework by reflecting the research trend related to indoor space decision-making. Accordingly, research on indoor space decision-making is increasing with pursuing convergence with various fields of study. The research is focused on the following four clusters: indoor space components, human tendencies, technology, and spatial evaluation. The framework proposed by integrating these trends could be utilized by clients as a practical tool to support people-centered indoor space decision-making post-COVID-19. Moreover, a framework should be developed to expand effectiveness in indoor spaces through convergence and collaboration research with psychology, physiology, and the medical field.
This conceptual study explores the effective use of metaphor in coaching and mentoring from literature evidence within the helping professions using a combination of three linked qualitative techniques: (i) a thematic network analysis to organise the coded data; (ii) a qualitative meta-synthesis to synthesise new understandings from the network data; and (iii) a critical realist analysis to enable development of a model for practical metaphor use. Qualitative Meta-synthesis inferred seven highly desired outcomes were important aspects of coaching and mentoring when using metaphor; these were formed from higher-order combinations (syntheses) of themes and codes. Critical realist analysis attempted to answer how these desired outcomes could possibly happen and proposed a model for metaphor-based coaching.
Special aspects of education, Industrial psychology
Conditional automated driving [level 3, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)] requires drivers to take over the vehicle when an automated system’s failure occurs or is about to leave its operational design domain. Two-stage warning systems, which warn drivers in two steps, can be a promising method to guide drivers in preparing for the takeover. However, the proper time intervals of two-stage warning systems that allow drivers with different personalities to prepare for the takeover remain unclear. This study explored the optimal time intervals of two-stage warning systems with insights into the drivers’ neuroticism personality. A total of 32 drivers were distributed into two groups according to their self-ratings in neuroticism (high vs. low). Each driver experienced takeover under the two-stage warning systems with four time intervals (i.e., 3, 5, 7, and 9 s). The takeover performance (i.e., hands-on-steering-wheel time, takeover time, and maximum resulting acceleration) and subjective opinions (i.e., appropriateness and usefulness) for time intervals and situation awareness (SA) were recorded. The results showed that drivers in the 5-s time interval had the best takeover preparation (fast hands-on steering wheel responses and sufficient SA). Furthermore, both the 5- and 7-s time intervals resulted in more rapid takeover reactions and were rated more appropriate and useful than the 3- and 9-s time intervals. In terms of personality, drivers with high neuroticism tended to take over immediately after receiving takeover messages, at the cost of SA deficiency. In contrast, drivers with low neuroticism responded safely by judging whether they gained enough SA. We concluded that the 5-s time interval was optimal for drivers in two-stage takeover warning systems. When considering personality, drivers with low neuroticism had no strict requirements for time intervals. However, the extended time intervals were favorable for drivers with high neuroticism in developing SA. The present findings have reference implications for designers and engineers to set the time intervals of two-stage warning systems according to the neuroticism personality of drivers.
Ediwagner Nunes Saveia Daniel Francisco, Adriano de Lemos Alves Peixoto
The purpose of this study was to adapt and gather evidence of validity for the Portuguese version of the Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ) in Angola. Initially composed of 77 items, the instrument was administered to 505 workers from different organizations. The data were submitted to exploratory factor analysis. The results revealed a structure of 15 factors (62 items) distributed among the four latent dimensions of work design, with adequate levels of convergent and discriminant validity. Cronbach’s alpha varies between 0.69 and 0.85. Possible interpretations of these relationships are discussed. As an additional support for the validity of the construct, differences between three occupational categories (administrative, managerial, and operational) were evaluated, with significant differences detected in 9 factors. It is concluded that the study provides evidence for the construct and divergent validity of a Portuguese version of the scale and presents an additional support for the generalization of the 15-factor structure to Angola.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah dengan adanya metode pembelajaran terpadu dapat meningkatkan kreativitas verbal dan figural pada siswa kelas VI Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimen Pretest-Posttest One Group Design. Metode pembelajaran terpadu yaitu suatu pembelajaran yang memadukan berbagai materi dalam satu sajian pembelajaran agar siswa memahami keterkaitan antara satu materi dengan materi lain atau antara satu mata pelajaran dengan mata pelajaran lain dan partisipasi aktif dari siswa akan membuat siswa lebih mudah untuk mengingat dan mengembangkan kognitif, dinamika afektif dan psikomotorik anak secara simultan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh metode pembelajaran terpadu untuk meningkatkan kreativitas verbal pada anak kelas VI. Metode pembelajaran terpadu ternyata mampu meningkatkan kreativitas verbal siswa, dimana semua siswa mengalami peningkatan kreativitas verbal, dengan nilai Z = -2,041 dan p < 0,05. Hasil lain menunjukkan tidak terdapat pengaruh metode pembelajaran terpadu untuk meningkatkan kreativitas figural, dengan nilai Z = -0,000 dan p > 0,05
This article, written in hindsight, is a personal account of a British Council and Afghan Ministry of Higher Education project that sought to establish mentoring relationships between the next generation of leaders in Afghanistan and volunteers from UK higher education. Several learning points have emerged: the need for a simple programme design; the inappropriateness of mentoring to develop management and leadership skills at this time; a desire to formalise inputs; a necessity for face-to-face input and the difficulties of establishing mentoring relationships virtually. These findings contribute to understanding of the difficulties of implementing virtual mentoring within a challenging post-conflict environment.
Special aspects of education, Industrial psychology
Customer service is a bridge for bank to the customer so they are required to provide the highest quality service in order to maintain the relationship and the bank remains a good image in the eyes of the customer. The purpose of this study was to determine self-presentation strategies on the bank's customer service employees. This type of research is descriptive quantitative approach. The sample of 60 customer service bank. Sampling technique used is incidental sampling. Instruments used to collect the data was questionnaires and data analysis methods are percentages. These results indicated that 14 customer service (23.33%) used the strategy of ingratiation when serving customers, 13 (21.67%) strategy of self promotion, 11(18.33%) supplification strategies, 9 (15%) strategy of aligning actions, 6 (10%) strategy of exemplification, 4 (6.67%) selfhandicapping strategies, 3 (5%) altercasting strategies, and 0% on intimidation strategies.