Olaf Yunus Laitinen Imanov, Taner Yilmaz, Derya Umut Kulali
We introduce Strategic Doctrine Language Models (sdLM), a learning-system framework for multi-document strategic reasoning with doctrinal consistency constraints and calibrated uncertainty. The approach combines multi-document attention, temporal encoding, and a doctrine-consistency layer to improve long-horizon forecasting and plan plausibility while reducing severe doctrinal violations. We evaluate sdLM using (i) expert-panel scoring of strategic scenarios (N=47), (ii) doctrine consistency on 336 doctrine publications (12,847 statements), and (iii) geopolitical forecasting on 127 historical counterfactuals (1945-2020) across 12-60 month horizons. Across these benchmarks, sdLM achieves higher strategic quality and better calibration than strong general-purpose LLM baselines, and remains competitive with human experts on long-horizon judgments. We further report ablations, scaling trends, and deployment-oriented performance/latency characteristics to clarify which components drive improvements and how they translate to operational settings.
The categorified theories known as "doctrines" specify a category equipped with extra structure, analogous to how ordinary theories specify a set with extra structure. We introduce a new framework for doctrines based on double category theory. A cartesian double theory is defined to be a small double category with finite products and a model of a cartesian double theory to be a finite product-preserving lax functor out of it. Many familiar categorical structures are models of cartesian double theories, including categories, presheaves, monoidal categories, braided and symmetric monoidal categories, 2-groups, multicategories, and cartesian and cocartesian categories. We show that every cartesian double theory has a unital virtual double category of models, with lax maps between models given by cartesian lax natural transformations, bimodules between models given by cartesian modules, and multicells given by multimodulations. In many cases, the virtual double category of models is representable, hence is a genuine double category. Moreover, when restricted to pseudo maps, every cartesian double theory has a virtual equipment of models, hence an equipment of models in the representable case. Compared with 2-monads, double theories have the advantage of being straightforwardly presentable by generators and relations, as we illustrate through a large number of examples.
Disentangling facial movements from other facial characteristics, particularly from facial identity, remains a challenging task, as facial movements display great variation between individuals. In this paper, we aim to characterize individual-specific facial movements. We present a novel training approach to learn facial movements independently of other facial characteristics, focusing on each individual separately. We propose self-supervised Person-Specific Models (PSMs), in which one model per individual can learn to extract an embedding of the facial movements independently of the person's identity and other structural facial characteristics from unlabeled facial video. These models are trained using encoder-decoder-like architectures. We provide quantitative and qualitative evidence that a PSM learns a meaningful facial embedding that discovers fine-grained movements otherwise not characterized by a General Model (GM), which is trained across individuals and characterizes general patterns of facial movements. We present quantitative and qualitative evidence that this approach is easily scalable and generalizable for new individuals: facial movements knowledge learned on a person can quickly and effectively be transferred to a new person. Lastly, we propose a novel PSM using curriculum temporal learning to leverage the temporal contiguity between video frames. Our code, analysis details, and all pretrained models are available in Github and Supplementary Materials.
La burocracia es un tema de innegable importancia para la comprensión del Estado moderno y para las discusiones de la agenda política. Sin embargo, la composición social de los burócratas es un tema sumamente poco tratado en la historiografía. Este trabajo se propone llevar a cabo un análisis acerca de la composición social y carrera vital de los individuos que detentaron puestos de jerarquía en las instituciones políticas de Costa Rica al momento de la independencia. Con ello se pretende llegar a una comprensión más profunda de la naturaleza y mecanismos de funcionamiento de las primeras instituciones políticas establecidas en el naciente país después del proceso de Independencia.
A major shift is happening within neurophysiology: a population doctrine is drawing level with the single-neuron doctrine that has long dominated the field. Population-level ideas have so far had their greatest impact in motor neuroscience, but they hold great promise for resolving open questions in cognition as well. Here, we codify the population doctrine and survey recent work that leverages this view to specifically probe cognition. Our discussion is organized around five core concepts that provide a foundation for population-level thinking: (1) state spaces, (2) manifolds, (3) coding dimensions, (4) subspaces, and (5) dynamics. The work we review illustrates the progress and promise that population neurophysiology holds for cognitive neuroscience$-$for delivering new insight into attention, working memory, decision-making, executive function, learning, and reward processing.
When aggregating logically interconnected judgments from $n$ agents, the result might be inconsistent with the logical connection. This inconsistency is known as the doctrinal paradox, which plays a central role in the field of judgment aggregation. Despite a large body of literature on the worst-case analysis of the doctrinal paradox, little is known about its likelihood under natural statistical models, except for a few i.i.d. distributions [List, 2005]. In this paper, we characterize the likelihood of the doctrinal paradox under a much more general and realistic model called the smoothed social choice framework [Xia, 2020b], where agents' ground truth judgments are arbitrarily correlated while the noises are independent. Our main theorem states that under mild conditions, the smoothed likelihood of the doctrinal paradox is either $0$, $\exp(-Θ(n))$, $Θ(n^{-1/2})$ or $Θ(1)$. This not only answers open questions by List [2005] for i.i.d. distributions but also draws clear lines between situations with frequent and with vanishing paradoxes.
The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) is a research activity that started in the late 1950s, predating the arrival of "Big History" and "Astrobiology" by several decades. Many elements first developed as part of the original SETI narrative are now incorporated in both of these emergent fields. However, SETI still offers the widest possible perspective, since the topic naturally leads us to consider not only the future development of our own society but also the forward trajectories (and past histories) of many other intelligent extraterrestrial forms. In this paper, I present a provocative view of Big History, its rapid convergent focus on our own planet and society, its oversimplified and incomplete view of events in cosmic history, and its limited appreciation of how poorly we understand some aspects of the physical world. Astrophysicists are also not spared - in particular those who wish to understand the nature of the universe in "splendid isolation", only looking outwards and upwards. SETI can help re-expand all of our horizons but the discovery of extraterrestrial intelligence may also require its own practitioners to abandon preconceptions of what constitutes intelligent, sentient, thinking minds.
In this paper, we promote the idea that recent woes in hardware security are not because of a lack of technical solutions but rather because market forces and incentives prevent those with the ability to fix problems from doing so. At the root of the problem is the fact that hardware security comes at a cost; Present issues in hardware security can be seen as the result of the players in the game of hardware security finding ways of avoiding paying this cost. We formulate this idea into a doctrine of security, namely the Doctrine of Shared Burdens. Three cases studies---Rowhammer, Spectre, and Meltdown---are interpreted though the lens of this doctrine. Our doctrine illuminates why these problems and exist and what can be done about them.
Mathematical concepts and results have often been given a long history, stretching far back in time. Yet recent work in the history of mathematics has tended to focus on local topics, over a short term-scale, and on the study of ephemeral configurations of mathematicians, theorems or practices. The first part of the paper explains why this change has taken place: a renewed interest in the connections between mathematics and society, an increased attention to the variety of components and aspects of mathematical work, and a critical outlook on historiography itself. The problems of a long-term history are illustrated and tested using a number of episodes in the nineteenth-century history of Hermitian forms, and finally, some open questions are proposed.
Henri Pittier es un científico de origen suizo, quien realiza una extensa como dilatada investigación en la Costa Rica de finales del siglo XIX e inicios del siglo XX en campos como la botánica y la geografía. Pero también incursiona en áreas de la lingüística, la etnografía y la historia. En este ensayo se busca mostrar la importancia que, en particular para las ciencias sociales, tiene la recuperación y estudio de este legado. Para este propósito y a manera de ejemplos, se comenta la actualidad y pertinencia de tres ensayos o informes del investigador donde se abordan temas como la longevidad de los habitantes de la región nicoyana, las costumbres de los pueblos indígenas y su relación con el Estado, o el proceso de expansión de la sociedad nacional costarricense hacia la actualmente denominada “Zona Sur”.
We show the results on the history of the invention of the conjugacy $h(x)=\frac{2}π\arcsin\sqrt{x}$ of one-dimensional $[0,\, 1]\rightarrow [0,\, 1]$ maps $f(x)=4x(1-x)$ and $g(x)=1-|1-2x|$.
Este artículo aborda el proceso institucional hacendístico de la Nueva Granada -actual Colombia- desde el punto de vista del manejo de la deuda pública. Un endeudamiento temprano y creciente lleva a que administrar deudas se vuelva el eje del funcionamiento de las finanzas públicas y, en esta medida, un factor clave de la configuración estatal decimonónica.
We give a brief history of Catalan numbers, from their first discovery in the 18th century to modern times. This note will appear as an appendix in Richard Stanley's forthcoming book on Catalan numbers.
We report low-temperature specific heat measurements for high-quality single crystalline KFe2As2 (T_c about 3.5 K). The investigated zero-field specific heat data yields an unusually large nominal Sommerfeld coefficient gamma_n of 94(3) mJ/mol K^2 which is however significantly affected by extrinsic contributions as evidenced by a sizable residual linear specific heat and various theoretical considerations including also an analysis of Kadowaki-Woods relations. Then KFe2As2 should be classified as a weak to intermediately strong coupling superconductor with a total electron-boson coupling constant lambda_tot near 1 (including a calculated weak electron-phonon coupling constant of lambda_el-ph =0.17. From specific heat and ac susceptibility studies in external magnetic fields the magnetic phase diagram has been constructed. We confirm the high anisotropy of the upper critical fields B_c2(T) ranging from a factor of 5 near T_c to a slightly reduced value approaching T=0 for fields B || ab$ and || c and show that their ratio Gamma slightly exceeds the mass anisotropy of 4.35 derived from our full-relativistic LDA-band structure calculations. Its slight reduction when approaching T=0 is not a consequence of Pauli-limiting as in less perfect samples but point likely to a multiband effect. We also report irreversibility field data obtained from ac susceptibility measurements. The double-maximum in the T-dependence of its imaginary part for fields B || c indicates a peak-effect in the T-dependence of critical currents.
No podríamos empezar nuestra reseña sin señalar que estamos en presencia de una obra de contenido polémico en una sociedad mojigata, coercitiva y homofóbica. Y es que esta no es una propuesta que analice de la forma convencional la locura al interior de una institución hospitalaria, sino que examina la locura ligada al sexo, pero no al que se tiene socio-culturalmente como normal, sino al practicado entre personas del mismo sexo, lo cuañ les hace ganar la etiqueta de enfermos mentales en el Hospital Nacional Psiquiátrico (HNP), susceptibles de ser curadas mediante la aplicación de varias prácticas y tratamientos, independientemente de la legitimidad y actualidad que entre la comunidad científica puedan tener tales medios terapéuticos.
This paper traces the history of compactness from the original motivating questions, through the development of the definition, to a generalization of sequential compactness in terms of nets and filters.