Hasil untuk "History of scholarship and learning. The humanities"

Rani Mohanraj, Shuba Kumar, Sylvia Jayakumar et al.

Polished white rice (WR), high in refined carbohydrates, the main staple in South India is associated with enhanced risk of diabetes. Brown Rice (BR), with lower glycemic load, high fibre content and micronutrients, is a healthier choice. Two hundred and twelve Persons with Diabetes (PwD) attending a tertiary diabetes care centre in a city in South India responded to a questionnaire documenting types, frequency and reasons for rice consumption, awareness and beliefs about BR. A sub-set of 10, participated in qualitative interviews, which additionally, explored the influence of traditional beliefs on and consumption patterns of rice, barriers to BR consumption and willingness to accept it in their diet. Ninety-three percent reported consuming WR with traditional usage (97 %) being the main reason for its preference. Brand image, grain size, texture and taste, of rice were other decisional considerations. Awareness about health benefits of BR was limited, with 69 % and 51 % believing it to be nutritious and helping to reduce blood sugar respectively. Appearance, texture, taste and cost were deterrents to its use. Over half agreed to switch to BR if they believed it would improve their health. Participants with a shorter duration of diabetes were more willing to change to BR. The study highlights the need to promote greater literacy regarding health benefits of BR and other forms of less polished rice. Larger trials examining the effectiveness of BR viz-a viz other types of less polished rice on blood glucose levels, metabolic factors and nutritional content among PwD are needed.

José Bragança de Miranda, Carlos Camponez, José Gomes Pinto

Doutorado em Ciências da Comunicação e com a agregação em Teoria da Cultura pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, José Bragança de Miranda, em entrevista à Biblos, reflete sobre o tema da liberdade, cruzando a Comunicação, a Filosofia, a História e a Política. Refratário às lógicas monistas do pensamento e das organizações, o atual reitor da Universidade Lusófona considera que, a ter existido, o fim da História abriu-se com as Revoluções que conduziram ao controlo do poder absoluto. Reconhecendo que o controlo desse poder não é uma conquista definitiva, José Bragança de Miranda defende, no entanto, que a História mostra que a escolha do pior não se apresenta como uma inevitabilidade para a Humanidade. Por isso, mais do que discutir conceitos como a Liberdade, considera que é importante fazer uso deles, atualizando em cada ínfimo presente o legado de muitos heróis do passado.

Xiaofeng Su, Xiaoli Jiang, Anxin Xu

In China, the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy provides a broad stage for migrant workers to return home to start their own businesses. This study constructs a research framework of “competence – legitimacy – performance.” Through online and offline surveys, this study obtained 477 valid samples from new family farm entrepreneurs in Fujian province of China. By using structural equation model, this study explores the relationship between entrepreneurial competence and family farm entrepreneurial performance. The empirical analysis results show that all the five dimensions of family farm entrepreneurs’ entrepreneurial competence, namely, opportunity recognition competence, network competence, resource acquisition competence, entrepreneurial learning competence, and improvisational competence have positive impacts on family farm entrepreneurial performance. And organizational legitimacy also has a positive impact on family farm entrepreneurial performance. In addition, the mediating effect of organizational legitimacy in opportunity recognition competence, network competence, resource acquisition competence, entrepreneurial learning competence, and family farm entrepreneurial performance are supported by data. However, organizational legitimacy does not play a significant mediating role in the relationship between improvisational competence and family farm entrepreneurial performance. The research findings provide some enlightenment and reflections to family farm entrepreneurs and policy-makers.

Nursan Celik

<i>Dies Buch gehört dem König</i> (<i>This Book Belongs to the King</i>), written and published in 1843 by the German Romantic author Bettina von Arnim, is a quasi-open letter, presented as a series of fictional dialogues with traces of a novel. Dedicated to the newly crowned King of Prussia, Friedrich Wilhelm IV, the letter unfolds social grievances and aims to persuade Friedrich Wilhelm to act like a just king. Due to its delicate socio-critical impetus, the letter does so through strategies of obfuscation and by using a richly pictorial, seemingly naive and lavish way of speech rather than taking an openly reproachful stance. Crucially, von Arnim does not install herself as the letter’s speaker but instead fictionalizes the letter and presents Goethe’s mother, Catharina Elisabeth Goethe, as the letter’s primary voice (‘Frau Rat’). By using a well-respected figure of the ruling class as the letter’s main voice, von Arnim aimed at minimizing its scandalous potential. But even prior to publishing the letter, von Arnim had already managed to trick Friedrich Wilhelm and the Prussian censors herself: by fusing the book’s title and dedication, she paratextually outwitted both the censors and the King, whose permission she sought precisely to bypass Prussian censorship. This article shows how von Arnim managed to avoid a larger scandal both textually by implementing semi-fictional devices and paratextually by presenting the letter as an affirmation of Friedrich Wilhelm IV and his policies.

Salih Gülen, İsmail Dönmez, Fatma Betül Şengönül et al.

STEM education aims to develop 21st-century skills, support economic growth and promote gender equality in STEM fields. It is known that gender stereotypes play a significant role in the formation of STEM identity. The most important factor preventing some high school-level female students from pursuing STEM careers is their lack of participation in STEM activities. Female students in high schools have limited opportunities to explore or learn about STEM careers due to the emphasis on verbal and religious courses in their curriculum. However, it is known that women can work more autonomously in scientific activities compared to men. The current study examines the effect of robotics and coding education on the development of girls’ STEM careers. The study was conducted at an all-girls high school in Turkey, where the curriculum is predominantly centered on verbal and religious subjects. In the study, a pre-test and post-test experimental design with control group was used. A total of 76 volunteer female students (34 in the experimental group and 42 in the control group) participated in robotics and coding education over a period of 12 weeks. The data were collected using the validated STEM career, motivation and attitude scales and analyzed using t -tests, ANOVA and Pearson correlation. The findings revealed that robotics and coding training significantly improved the participants’ STEM career aspirations, attitudes and motivations. A strong positive correlation was found between career interest, attitude and motivation. The study also showed that STEM career scores are significantly higher among students who wish to become teachers compared to those considering a career in the fields of health or engineering. However, no significant correlation was found between the participants’ parents’ education levels, family income and STEM career aspirations.

Martín Chicolino

El presente estudio monográfico (que se divide en dos artículos que serán publicados consecutivamente en esta revista) está dedicado a estudiar la manera en que Gilles Deleuze abordó el problema psico-político de la dominación y de la violencia psico-sexo-política masculina. Para ello, será necesario partir de la pregunta que interroga acerca de la relación genética que el Patriarcado (en tanto que mega-red de relaciones de alianzas masculinas de sexo-poder) guarda con el Estado (en tanto que forma de organizar la sociabilidad humana) y con el Capitalismo (en tanto que modo de organizar la productividad humana). Con respecto a dicha relación genética, Deleuze postulará, siguiendo al sinólogo marxista Ferenc Tökei, que ‘esclavo liberto’ (antepasado del proletario moderno) fue la personificación social masculina clave en la génesis patriarcal del Capitalismo por el Estado, siendo la explotación psico-sexual de las mujeres (prostitución) una empresa de primer orden para la comprensión de dicha génesis. Según el Esquizoanálisis, la explotación psico-sexual y libidinal es la ratio de la explotación económica y de la dominación de clase. Por eso, no podremos abordar dicha relación genética entre Patriarcado, Estado y Capital (tocante a las violencias masculinas) sin abordar, en esta «Parte I», las críticas de Deleuze/Guattari hacia Marx/Engels: esquizo-análisis ácrata (en tanto que análisis de procesos maquínicos) versus materialismo dialéctico (en tanto que análisis de procesos dialécticos). Ahora bien, ¿acaso el materialismo dialéctico resulta operativo (en la crítica y en la clínica) a la hora de comprender y de caracterizar (y de luchar contra) las violencias psico-sexuales patriarcales masculinas, como por ejemplo, la prostitución? ¿Cómo Marx, Engels, Bebel y Riazánov caracterizaron (desde el materialismo dialéctico) tanto a la prostitución, como a la prostituta, y al prostituyente? ¿No acaban incurriendo en un reduccionismo economicista y cambista (en materia sexual) que torna invisibles las causas patriarcales de la dominación y las violencias masculinas, tornándose incluso su garante insospechado “por izquierda”? Este será el problema central de la «Parte II». Nuestro concepto social de ‘Salud Mental’ depende directamente del modo de caracterizar dichos problemas psico-sexo políticos.

Cocić Nikola Z.

This study examines the relationship between self-efficacy , perceived organizational support, and job satisfaction, with pay satisfaction as a mediator. The sample is convenient and consists of 269 respondents (139 male and 136 female), aged 19 to 43 (M= 25.8, Sd= 4.3), working in an organizational or industrial environment. Out of the 269 respondents, 223 indicated their monthly income was average, 45 reported it as above average, and 1 stated it was below average. The instruments used for data collection were Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), Perceived Organizational Support Scale, and respondents' pay satisfaction was assessed using a single question. A statistically significant correlation was found between all the variables included in the study (p < 0.01). Pay satisfaction had a mediating influence on the relationship between self-efficacy and job satisfaction, while perceived organizational support was a direct, statistically significant predictor of job satisfaction. The model proved to be sustainable. The study results are discussed in relation to relevant theoretical assumptions and their practical applications. The limitations of the study, such as sample adequacy, online administration, and the work environments, are stated. Recommendations are made for further research, including the exploration of additional variables to enhance the current model.

Claudio Berríos Cavieres

El presente trabajo da cuenta de la presencia del poeta César Vallejo en la revista Amauta (1926-1930), analizando los diferentes escritos allí presentes (poemas, cuento y ensayos). En primer lugar, se establece una reflexión en torno a las vanguardias latinoamericanas, como ejemplo renovador y propio de esta experiencia en el continente. En segundo lugar, se analizan algunos poemas y ensayos de Vallejo en Amauta en relación con la problemática de vanguardia y “nueva poesía” en América Latina. Por último, se analizan los dos últimos trabajos de Vallejo y cómo ellos se insertan en los debates y programas políticos dentro de Amauta.

Bogumiła Kaniewska

The topic of Central Europe is one of the key problems for contemporary Polish literature, as it defines the issues of social identity as well as both individual and collective self-identification. As a “middle country” chocked in between two major spheres of influence: Russia and Germany; the East and the West, Poland has been voided of its statehood ever since the second half of the 18th century and has been the place where these two spheres of influence kept clashing. The perception of Poland as the boundary between the influences, a historical bulwark of the West, the interwar bastion of western culture or a country from behind the Iron Curtain did not strengthen the bonds between its culture and Central Europe. The Iron Curtain bolstered the polarization of Central Europe after World War II and Polish literature observes this crack on two facets – chronological and spatial.

Boutheina Ben Ghozlen

The discipline of corpus linguistics has revolutionized the study of language in a variety of ways. In this respect, semantic prosody is one of the rapidly evolving research streams that encapsulates the incorporation of digital technology into linguistic research and deserves more scholarly attention. The paper aims to offer new insights into the study of this theoretical concept. It presents a critical review of the existing literature, delineating the major merits and challenges of this area of inquiry, and suggests novel research avenues. This article has theoretical and practical implications for the future research agenda on semantic prosody. It underscores the importance of endowing this corpus linguistics concept with more clarity and consistency as to its labeling, conceptualization, and delimitation. The paper also proposes some new applications pertaining to the investigation of the discursive construction of human referents across different text types.

محمد الكامل

تتناول الدراسة المجتمع المدني، والذي حظي باهتمام متزايد؛ بعد فشل آليتي الدولة والسوق، من خلال رؤية نقدية حول المفهوم، وعن السياق العام لنشأته والاهتمام الواسع به، والرهان على وظيفته السياسية في الحد من تسلط الدولة، وترسيخ الديمقراطية وتوسيع المشاركة، وعن علاقته بالأحزاب السياسية، وكذلك وظيفته في عملية التنمية والتخفيف من الفقر، وفي دعم النظام الاجتماعي، ونشر قيم التسامح  والتعايش ونبذ العنف وضمان الحقوق، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أن الرهانات على المجتمع المدني وفاعليته تتوقف على بنيته، وعلى مستوى التطور السياسي والاقتصادي والثقافي للمجتمع، والتي تختلف من مجتمع لآخر.

Diego Pulido Esteva

Reseña a: Evelyn Sanchez, El juez, el notario y el caudillo: análisis de un juicio verbal en Tlaxcala durante la Revolución

Leena Ahmad Alfarani, Seham Saleh Alnafea

This study aimed to identify the extent of, as well as the obstacles encountered, while using artificial intelligence technologies in enrichment programs in Saudi gifted and talented centres. A descriptive analytical approach was used and applied to a sample of 104 supervisors, managers, and teachers at these facilities. A questionnaire was employed. The results showed: 1. A response from the sample’s participants revealed that ‘the extent of using artificial intelligence technology in enrichment programs in Saudi talented centres’ reached 84.3%, indicating a strong level of approval among the members of the sample. 2. The sample’s participants’ responses showed that the ‘obstacles of artificial intelligence technology in enrichment programs in Saudi talented centres’ reached 80.2%, also indicating a strong level of agreement among the sample members. There were no statistically significant differences among the individuals using artificial intelligence techniques in the enrichment programs in the talented centres in Saudi Arabia. This is according to the following variables: the educational sector (boys and girls), the nature of the work in the talented centres, the years of experience in the field, the age of the participants, as well as the educational and academic qualifications in the fields of the participating talent.

Liliana Gonçalves

Neste trabalho, descrevemos não só as diversas formas de dar feedback aos aprendentes, neste caso chineses, após a realização de uma tarefa escrita, mas também o processo que adotámos para tornar o trabalho de correção mais eficiente e eficaz. Assim, na parte mais teórica deste estudo, abordamos o feedback dado pelos pares (colegas de turma) e o feedback que envolve o docente, não só escrito (direto e indireto), mas também face a face. Na parte prática deste trabalho, analisáamos como o ‘método’ de correção e de reescrita adotado torna o processo mais reflexivo e ponderado, verificando-se não só o melhoramento dos textos, mas também a retenção de aspetos compreendidos e corrigidos, ainda que essa retenção não seja total na maioria dos casos.

Óscar Javier Barrera Aguilera

Reseña del libro: Toledo Tello, Sonia (2019). Espacios sociales en una región agraria del norte de Chiapas (siglos XIX-XXI). San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas: CIMSUR-UNAM.

Charles Louis de Secondat, Barón de Montesquieu

Darragh, Laoise

Set 40 years in the future, the once great city of Bohane on the west coast of Ireland is in terminal decline, with vice and tribal splits rife. Logan Hartnett, godfather of the Hartnett Fancy gang has been in charge but his nemesis has arrived back in town, his henchmen are becoming ambitious, his wife wants him to give it all up and go straight and, he has his mother to contend with.

Brittany Warman

In season one, episode 15 of the television show Once Upon a Time, viewers are given a glimpse into the history of Ruby/Red, the series’ version of Red Riding Hood. The episode reveals that, contrary to most oral and written versions of the ATU 333 tale, Red herself is the wolf: a werewolf who must wear an enchanted red cloak in order to keep from turning into a monster. The episode also features the beginnings of the close friendship between Red and Snow White. The sisterly bond that quickly forms between the two women, combined with the striking images of their respective red and white cloaks, easily calls to mind a less familiar fairy tale not explicitly referenced in the series: “Snow White and Rose Red” (ATU 426). Taking queer readings of this text as starting points, I argue that this allusion complicates the bond between the two women, opening up space for a compelling reading of Red’s werewolf nature as a coded depiction of her then latent but later confirmed bisexuality.

توفیق عبدالله, صفوان ذنون

یحاول البحث إیجاد تصنیف لأسماء وحروف الأصوات (الخوالف) الإنکلیزیة والفرنسیة. وقد اعتمد البحث على أمثلة ونماذج مستقاة من نصوص أدبیة ورسوم متحرکة ومجلات أطفال ولغة المحادثة. وتبین بان هذه الظاهرة العالمیة لا تشترط وجود اسم صوت أو حرف نداء معین موجود فی لغة ما فی اللغات الأخرى. ورغم تشابه التعاریف فانه لا یوجد تقسیم واضح لأنواع أسماء وحروف الأصوات إذ أن بعض أسماء وحروف الأصوات هی أصوات طبیعیة بینما البعض الآخر أصوات ینطقها الإنسان.