Hasil untuk "History of education"

J. Dewey

Almabadi ES, Felemban D, Alekhmimi RK et al.

Eman S Almabadi,1 Doaa Felemban,2 Razan Khalid Alekhmimi,3,4 Muntasir Adnan Aynusah,4 Alla Alsharif,1 Nebras Althagafi,1 Saba Kassim1 1Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Taibah University, College of Dentistry, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwrah, 42353, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, Taibah University, College of Dentistry, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, 42353, Saudi Arabia; 3Medical Administration Department,Taibah University, College of Dentistry, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, 42353, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Dental Surgery, Healthcare Quality and Patient Safety, Ministry of Health, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, 42394, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Eman S Almabadi, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Taibah University, College of Dentistry, Prince, Naif Ibn Abdulaziz, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwrah, 42353, Saudi Arabia, Email emabadi@taibahu.edu.saObjective: This study aimed to assess the association between sleep bruxism (SB) among children and parental sociodemographic characteristics and SB risk factors (eg, nose obstruction).Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 250 parents of children under the age of 13 who visited pediatric dental clinics. Data were collected through a questionnaire completed by parents. Sociodemographic characteristics, the child’s medical history, sleep patterns and parents’ awareness of bruxism and its symptoms were investigated. Descriptive, bivariate and binary logistic regression analyses were performed.Results: The response rate was 85.2% (55% females, 45% males) and 25.8% of the parents self-reported that their children had bruxism. The regression analysis revealed that parents reporting SB among their children were significantly more likely to have SB themselves (8.62 [3.68– 20.16], p = 0.001). While children whose mothers had lower education level and were unaware of bruxism-related symptoms (such as teeth, jaw, or face pain) were less likely to be reported as having SB (0.35 [0.16– 0.75], p = 0.007; 0.36 [0.14– 0.97], p = 0.043, respectively). Parents who identified nose obstruction as a cause of bruxism also had children with a higher likelihood of having SB (5.49 [1.04– 29.08], p = 0.045).Conclusion: The findings highlighted that parental sociodemographic characteristic and SB risk factors associated signficantly with the prevalence of childhood SB.Keywords: sleep bruxism, children, parental sociodemographic factors, Saudi Arabia

Santiago D. Barrionuevo, Myriam H. Aguirre

Teaching and learning in advanced materials science are often limited by two barriers: the technical complexity of quantum-mechanical simulations and the lack of individualized support in inquiry-based education. Here, we introduce the Neuromorphic Materials Calculator 2025 (NMC2025), a command-line platform that integrates a conversational artificial intelligence (AI) tutor with automated simulation workflows. NMC2025 combines large language model (LLM) guidance, real-time literature feedback, and domain-specific computation to create an adaptive learning environment. The system includes modular Python components for material discovery, simulation parameter optimization, and automated input generation for Quantum ESPRESSO (QE). Grounded in constructivist pedagogy, the tool enables students to carry out authentic research tasks such as identifying candidate materials for neuromorphic memristors or tuning density functional theory (DFT) inputs, while receiving context-aware explanations from the AI tutor. A case study illustrates how iterative, AI-guided refinement of hypotheses and calculations enhances both accuracy and understanding. NMC2025 fosters deeper conceptual insight, independent exploration, and smooth transfer of research methods into the classroom. This approach highlights the potential of AI-augmented education to reduce barriers to complex simulations and to expand access to computational modeling across science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM).

A. Bessa

This article introduces nox-minima, a low-cost, three-dimensional paper dome that provides an alternative representation of the sky for astronomy education. Generated from precise astronomical data, the dome provides accurate local sky views for any date and location. Its assembly is simple, and the design is freely available at nox-minima.net/en . Initial workshops with students and teachers confirm its effectiveness as a hands-on tool to explore the celestial sphere and cultural perspectives on the sky.

Lianting Wang, Marcelo Ponce

In this paper, we present an educational project aimed to introduce students to the technology behind Captive Portals infrastructures. For doing this, we developed a series of modules to emphasize each of the different aspects and features of this technology. The project is based on an open source implementation which is widely used in many computer network courses, making it well-suited and very appealing for instructors and practitioners in this field.

Chris M. Harrison, James W. Trayford, Arron George et al.

Sonification can be part of educational resources that can be accessible to those who prefer, or require, non-visual learning methods. Furthermore, sonification can contribute to an engaging multi-sensory learning experience, which are known to benefit general learners. Whilst some sonification can be relatively agnostic to musical culture, many sonifications are subject to culturally influenced choices, such as the chosen harmonies, rhythmic structures, and instrumentation. This is important when considering how universally inclusive and relatable sonification-based educational resources will be. Here we present a case study of translating a sonification-based educational show about the Solar System, that was originally designed with influences from Euro-American (Western-classical) music, to be more culturally relevant to the Caribbean region. We describe the motivation, approach, some of the challenges, and the initial feedback of the resulting output of the project. Finally, we provide reflections on the importance of further work exploring how educational sonifications can transcend international borders and musical cultures.

Changyan YU, Jiarui XIN, Ming XU et al.

BackgroundAs the population ages, there has been a growing focus on the decline in fertility. Research has identified age and fertility history as the primary influencing factors. Nevertheless, there is a deficiency in fundamental data regarding the fertility status among different industries. ObjectiveTo investigate the fertility status and influencing factors among female workers aged 22-35 years in different industries. MethodsFrom July 2020 to February 2021, a cross-sectional survey was conducted using a staged sampling approach. This survey specifically targeted 22-35-year-old married female workers with a history of pregnancy in industries such as education, healthcare, finance, and telecommunications, totaling 22903 participants. The survey encompassed industry, demographic characteristics, pregnancy history, time to pregnancy (TTP), and other influencing factors. The influencing factors of decline in fertility were identified by chi-square test and Cox proportional hazards regression. Subsequent industry-specific Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to compared fertility decline patterns across a spectrum of industries after selected influencing factors were adjusted. ResultsAmong the 22903 respondents, 19194 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid recovery rate of 83.8%. The cumulative pregnancy rates (CRP) of 1-6 months and 1-12 months for the 22-35-year-old female workers were 67.23% and 91.33% respectively. The multivariate analysis showed that region, age, education level, personal annual income, housework time, coping style, gravidity, parity, and spontaneous abortion were influencing factors of fertility decline (P<0.05). Female workers with ≥3 gravidities and ≥2 spontaneous abortions had a higher risk of fertility decline, with hazard ratios (HR) and associated 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of 0.633 (0.582, 0.688) and 0.785 (0.670, 0.921) respectively (P<0.01). Compared to the education industry, the healthcare and finance industries showed a higher risk of fertility decline, with HR (95%CI) values of 0.876 (0.834, 0.920) and 0.909 (0.866, 0.954), respectively (P<0.05). These two HR (95%CI) values remained statistically significant [0.899 (0.852, 0.948) and 0.882 (0.833, 0.934) respectively, P<0.05)] after further adjustment with nine influencing factors such as region and age. ConclusionRegions, age, education level, personal annual income, housework time, coping style, pregnancy and childbirth times, and natural abortion times are influencing factors of fertility decline in female workers. Compared to the education industry, the healthcare and finance industries have a higher risk of declining fertility.

Lu'liyatul Mutmainah, Listia Andani, Ela Susilawati

The mosque has so far been known only as a place of worship such as prayer and recitation by Muslims. History records that during the time of the Prophet, the mosque was also the center of government, economic center, education center, and others. Some mosques are also tourist areas that provide more economic value so that they can improve people's welfare. However, tourist areas often cause problems related to waste, water use, and others. Understanding of the circular economy that can provide sustainable benefits is still not widely known and implemented, including for managing mosques. This study aims to analyze and propose an optimization model for mosque-based circular economic empowerment to achieve a sustainable economy. The research uses a qualitative approach with literature studies and in-depth interviews with related parties. The results of the study show that empowering mosques based on a circular economy will not only have a positive impact on places of worship but also the economic, social, and environmental sectors. For example, managed mosque waste can provide economic value. In addition, the use of ablution water can be reused for land irrigation and fish farming. The synergy between the government, universities, communities, and the industrial world can be carried out to implement this mosque-based circular economy. The results of this study can be used as a basis for recommendations and a pilot project for implementing mosque-based circular economic empowerment.

SUN Yuxin, ZHAN Haoran, AYIXIAMU· Keyimu, XU Tingting

Background The development of maternal and child health requires reducing urban-rural, regional and group disparities in the health of women and children. Focusing on the quality of life of maternal women in rural areas and other low-income areas is of great significance to improve the inequalities in maternal and child health. Objective To analyze the current situation of maternal quality of life during pregnancy and its influencing factors in rural China. Methods From September 2018 to September 2019, a total of 3 329 pregnant women were selected from 6 county-level medical institutions in Shanxi Province, Sichuan Province and Yunnan Province (Zhaoyang District People&apos;s Hospital, Yiliang County People&apos;s Hospital, Pingchang County Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Yingshan County Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Ziyang County Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, and Hanyin County Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital) as the research objects to collect basic information of pregnant women. WHOQOL-BREF scale was used to investigate the quality of life of pregnant women. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of each dimension of the quality of life score. Results A total of 3 294 questionnaires were included, with a valid questionnaire rate of 98.94%. The average WHOQOL-BREF score of pregnant women was (81.99±11.01) points, and the social relation score was the highest among the 4 dimensions [ (69.13±12.46) points] , followed by the psychological dimension score [ (66.99±12.59) points] , physiological dimension score [ (65.40±12.62) points] , environmental dimension score [ (65.02±12.11) points] . Stratified comparison results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the scores of physiological dimension, psychological dimension, social relation dimension and environmental dimension among pregnant women of different ages, total annual income levels, places of residence, education levels and occupations (P&lt;0.05) . The difference was statistically significant in psychological dimension score when comparing pregnant women with different preconception BMI (P&lt;0.05) . There were significant differences in the scores of psychological dimension and environmental dimension of pregnant women with weight gain during different gestation periods (P&lt;0.05) . The scores of psychological dimension, social relation dimension and environmental dimension of pregnant women with different medical insurance types were compared, and the differences were statistically significant (P&lt;0.05) . The score of environmental dimension of parturients was significantly lower than that of parturients (P&lt;0.05) . The scores of physiological dimension, psychological dimension and environmental dimension of pregnant women with exercise habit were higher than those of pregnant women without exercise habit, and the difference was statistically significant (P&lt;0.05) . The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, exercise habit, education level and occupation were the influencing factors of physiological dimension score (P&lt;0.05) . Age, pre-pregnancy BMI, family history, exercise habits, education level and medical insurance type were the influencing factors of psychological dimension score (P&lt;0.05) . Age and exercise habit were the influencing factors of social relation dimension score (P&lt;0.05) . Family history, weight gain during pregnancy, exercise habits, residence type, occupation, total annual income level and medical insurance type were the influencing factors of environmental dimension score (P&lt;0.05) . Conclusion There is still much room for improvement in the quality of life of pregnant women in rural areas of China. In addition to individual factors such as age, parity, social factors such as place of residence and health insurance coverage are also significant influencing factors, improvement from the social perspective remains a priority for maternal and child health care in the future.

Mengqian Wang (王梦倩), Wenge Guo (郭文革)

Highlights This review compares generative artificial intelligence with five representative educational technologies in history and concludes that AI technology can become a knowledge producer and thus can be utilized as educative AI to enhance teaching and learning outcomes. From a historical perspective, each technological breakthrough has affected education by changing how symbols are represented and how knowledge is carried. The emergence of new educational technology is always accompanied by doubt, vigilance, and rejection from the traditional community. The new educational technology, generative artificial intelligence, interacts with the old, creating an increasingly complex ecology of educational technology. Three suggestions are proposed for adjusting the education system: first, promoting small-scale, individualized, and conversational teaching in schools; second, developing teachers’ and students’ digital literacy in a multi-curricula system; and third, conducting research on grading and classification standards for the application of AI in education.

Ilya Musabirov, Angela Zavaleta-Bernuy, Pan Chen et al.

Randomized A/B comparisons of alternative pedagogical strategies or other course improvements could provide useful empirical evidence for instructor decision-making. However, traditional experiments do not provide a straightforward pathway to rapidly utilize data, increasing the chances that students in an experiment experience the best conditions. Drawing inspiration from the use of machine learning and experimentation in product development at leading technology companies, we explore how adaptive experimentation might aid continuous course improvement. In adaptive experiments, data is analyzed and utilized as different conditions are deployed to students. This can be achieved using machine learning algorithms to identify which actions are more beneficial in improving students' learning experiences and outcomes. These algorithms can then dynamically deploy the most effective conditions in subsequent interactions with students, resulting in better support for students' needs. We illustrate this approach with a case study that provides a side-by-side comparison of traditional and adaptive experiments on adding self-explanation prompts in online homework problems in a CS1 course. This work paves the way for exploring the importance of adaptive experiments in bridging research and practice to achieve continuous improvement in educational settings.

Nicole DePasquale, Jamie A. Green, Patti L. Ephraim et al.

Rationale &amp; Objective: Choosing from multiple kidney failure treatment modalities can create decisional conflict, but little is known about this experience before decision implementation. We explored decisional conflict about treatment for kidney failure and its associated patient characteristics in the context of advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting &amp; Participants: Adults (N = 427) who had advanced CKD, received nephrology care in Pennsylvania-based clinics, and had no history of dialysis or transplantation. Predictors: Participants’ sociodemographic, physical health, nephrology care/knowledge, and psychosocial characteristics. Outcomes: Participants’ results on the Sure of myself; Understand information; Risk-benefit ratio; Encouragement (SURE) screening test for decisional conflict (no decisional conflict vs decisional conflict). Analytical Approach: We used multivariable logistic regression to quantify associations between aforementioned participant characteristics and decisional conflict. We repeated analyses among a subgroup of participants at highest risk of kidney failure within 2 years. Results: Most (76%) participants reported treatment-related decisional conflict. Participant characteristics associated with lower odds of decisional conflict included complete satisfaction with patient–kidney team treatment discussions (OR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.03-0.88; P = 0.04), attendance of treatment education classes (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.16-0.90; P = 0.03), and greater treatment-related decision self-efficacy (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.94-0.99; P < 0.01). Sensitivity analyses showed a similarly high prevalence of decisional conflict (73%) and again demonstrated associations of class attendance (OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.07-0.96; P = 0.04) and decision self-efficacy (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91-0.99; P = 0.03) with decisional conflict. Limitations: Single-health system study. Conclusions: Decisional conflict was highly prevalent regardless of CKD progression risk. Findings suggest efforts to reduce decisional conflict should focus on minimizing the mismatch between clinical practice guidelines and patient-reported engagement in treatment preparation, facilitating patient–kidney team treatment discussions, and developing treatment education programs and decision support interventions that incorporate decision self-efficacy–enhancing strategies.

Carlo H. Godoy

Within the past two decades, Augmented Reality (AR) applications have received increased attention. Augmented Reality is now widely used in the education sector at level K to 12. AR is expected to be generally adopted in two to three years in higher education and four to five years in K to 12. Applying AR technology in the education sector especially in STEM subjects, can result in having a smart campus. In adopting a SMART Campus strategy, education practitioners must address many intrinsic issues in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) research. For example, in physics, there are expensive or insufficient laboratory systems, system faults, and difficulty simulating other experimental circumstances. In technology, many schools do not have enough computers. In engineering, there are only a few instructors who are knowledgeable in computer aided design (CAD). In mathematics, few teachers incorporate technology into their lessons often because they believe it is still better to teach through the traditional methods. Hence, In this paper we discuss how AR is being used now in different learning areas in STEM to open new doors to researchers and teachers as they transition their schools into SMART campuses with the use of AR apps. Aligned with this, a suggested framework for school administrators and policymakers is proposed based on a review of the positive benefits of different AR apps.

Mirjana Pović, Vanessa McBride, Priscilla Muheki et al.

The African Network of Women in Astronomy and STEM for GIRLS in Ethiopia initiatives have been established with aim to strengthen the participation of girls and women in astronomy and science in Africa and Ethiopia. We will not be able to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals without full participation of women and girls in all aspects of our society and without giving in future the same opportunity to all children to access education independently on their socio-economical status. In this paper both initiatives are briefly introduced.

Adriana Postiglione, Ilaria De Angelis

Teaching modern physics in high school is of increasingly importance as it can offer students a more realistic and updated vision of the world, and can provide an opportunity to understand the most recent scientific discoveries. In this context, General Relativity (GR) occupies a prominent place, since it is related to astonishing scientific results, such as the first image of a black hole or the discovery of gravitational waves. In this paper we describe an educational proposal aimed at teaching GR in high school in a fun and playful way using the so-called rubber sheet analogy. We present a set of instructions to build a simple and low-cost space-time simulator, and a series of related educational cards that guide the teacher in the implementation of the activities step by step. This work is the result of a long and productive debate among Italian high school teachers who collaborate since many years with the Department of Mathematics and Physics of Roma Tre University in Rome. As our proposal relies on the collaboration with the final users, we believe that it will meet their needs and expectations, and it will help to treat GR in high school more and more over time.

A. C. Umuhire, J. Uwamahoro, K. Sasikumar Raja et al.

Solar radio type II bursts serve as early indicators of incoming geo-effective space weather events such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs). In order to investigate the origin of high-frequency type II bursts (HF type II bursts), we have identified 51 of them (among 180 type II bursts from SWPC reports) that are observed by ground-based Compound Astronomical Low-cost Low-frequency Instrument for Spectroscopy and Transportable Observatory (CALLISTO) spectrometers and whose upper-frequency cutoff (of either fundamental or harmonic emission) lies in between 150 MHz-450 MHz during 2010-2019. We found that 60% of HF type II bursts, whose upper-frequency cutoff $\geq$ 300 MHz originate from the western longitudes. Further, our study finds a good correlation $\sim $ 0.73 between the average shock speed derived from the radio dynamic spectra and the corresponding speed from CME data. Also, we found that analyzed HF type II bursts are associated with wide and fast CMEs located near the solar disk. In addition, we have analyzed the spatio-temporal characteristics of two of these high-frequency type II bursts and compared the derived from radio observations with those derived from multi-spacecraft CME observations from SOHO/LASCO and STEREO coronagraphs.

Gustavo Rodrigues Rocha, Dean Rickles, Florian J. Boge

It will be presented in this chapter a historical account of the consistent histories interpretation of quantum mechanics based on primary and secondary literature. Firstly, the formalism of the consistent histories approach will be outlined. Secondly, the works by Robert Griffiths and Roland Omnès will be discussed. Griffiths' seminal 1984 paper, the first physicist to have proposed a consistent-histories interpretation of quantum mechanics, followed by Omnès' 1990 paper, were instrumental to the consistent-histories model based on Boolean logic. Thirdly, Murray Gell-Mann and James Hartle's steps to their own version of consistent-histories approach, motivated by a cosmological perspective, will then be described and evaluated. Gell-Mann and Hartle understood that spontaneous decoherence could path the way to a concrete physical model to Griffiths' consistent histories. Moreover, the collective biography of these figures will be put in the context of the role played by the Santa Fe Institute, co-founded by Gell-Mann in 1984 in Santa Fe, New Mexico, where Hartle is also a member of the external faculty.

Luisa Fernanda Méndez Vergara

La escuela, es el reflejo de la sociedad y una de sus características es la diversidad. Desde tiempos remotos, las sociedades han excluido a personas que no consideran iguales, no tienen el mismo comportamiento o no responden igual que ellos. Esta exclusión generalmente resaltaba en el ámbito educativo. Las estadísticas indican que no existen poblaciones que no tengan algún integrante discapacitado, por lo que la inclusión educativa siempre estará vigente. En tal sentido, se hace necesario revisar permanentemente las políticas relativas a la inclusión de la población de estudiantes con discapacidad. En el presente ensayo, se presenta información documental referida a este tema y se analiza desde la mirada a la población del Departamento Sucre de Colombia. Se concluye que, esta población está siendo atendida, pero aún hace falta la revisión de programas y actualización docente ya que persisten indicios de exclusión.

József Mihály Kiss

Az 1912-ben megalapított Erzsébet Tudományegyetem 1914 őszén a jogi kar megnyitásával kezdte meg működését. A bölcsészeti karon csak 1918 elején, az orvosi karon 1918 őszén kezdődtek meg az előadások. A cseh légió 1919. január 1-én bevonult Pozsonyba, és innen kezdve kétségessé vált az egyetem további működésének lehetősége. 1919 szeptemberében a csehszlovák állam lefoglalta az intézmény valamennyi ingatlanát az Erzsébet Tudományegyetemen, így a bölcsészeti karon és orvosi karon megszűnt az oktatás.E karok tanárai és diákjai Magyarországra menekültek. A jogi karon még 1921 nyaráig tovább folyt az oktatás, majd e kart is bezárták. Az egyetem mint menekült tanintézet, a kolozsvári, ugyancsak menekült egyetemmel együtt Budapesten folytatta tevékenységét. 1923-ban az egyetem végleges helyét Pécs városában nyerte el.

Nuno Fachada

ColorShapeLinks is an AI board game competition framework specially designed for students and educators in videogame development, with openness and accessibility in mind. The competition is based on an arbitrarily-sized version of the Simplexity board game, the motto of which, "simple to learn, complex to master", is curiously also applicable to AI agents. ColorShapeLinks offers graphical and text-based frontends and a completely open and documented development framework built using industry standard tools and following software engineering best practices. ColorShapeLinks is not only a competition, but both a game and a framework which educators and students can extend and use to host their own competitions. It has been successfully used for running internal competitions in AI classes, as well as for hosting an international AI competition at the IEEE Conference on Games.