Hasil untuk "Geography (General)"

R. Leys

Treb Allen, Costas Arkolakis, Costas Arkolakis et al.

J. Zelle, R. Mooney

Stephen J. Redding, M. Turner

L. Anselin, J. Gallo, H. Jayet

E. Braun, M. Kavaratzis, Sebastian Zenker

Purpose – This paper deals with the importance of residents within place branding. The aim of this paper is to examine the different roles that residents play in the formation and communication of place brands and explores the implications for place brand management.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on theoretical insights drawn from the combination of the distinct literatures on place branding, general marketing, tourism, human geography, and collaborative governance. To support its arguments, the paper discusses the participation of citizens in governance processes as highlighted in the urban governance literature as well as the debate among marketing scholars over participatory marketing and branding.Findings – The paper arrive at three different roles played by the residents: as an integral part of the place brand through their characteristics and behavior; as ambassadors for their place brand who grant credibility to any communicated message; and as citizens and voters who are vital fo...

Dipesh Singh Chuphal, Vimal Mishra

Abstract Reliable streamflow projections are essential for effective water‐resource management and climate adaptation. However, streamflow projections are associated with large uncertainties due to divergent precipitation projections from climate models, which directly propagate into hydrological estimates. Observation‐constrained approaches that condition future projections on past observations have been shown to reduce such uncertainties; however, they have not been applied to streamflow projections across the Indian rivers. Using long‐term streamflow and global mean surface temperature observations, climate model projections, hydrological modeling, and a Bayesian detection–attribution framework, we developed observational constrained streamflow projections for nine major Indian rivers. The method reduces the 5–95% confidence interval of future streamflow projections by nearly one‐third compared to raw multimodel ensembles, with constraint strength controlled by internal streamflow variability and inter‐model spread in the unconstrained ensemble. Projection uncertainty is further reduced to ∼20% when considering projections based only on skillful climate models. Constrained projections indicate significant increases in streamflow in the near‐, mid‐, and far‐future periods, except for the Cauvery basin, which shows a near‐term decline. Applying the method to raw precipitation projections reveals comparable constraint strength and increases confidence in the results, given the strong dependence of Indian river flows on precipitation. Our findings underscore the importance of combining skillful climate models with post‐processing constraint methods to substantially reduce model‐based uncertainty. Overall, our results provide critical insights into future streamflow changes across Indian rivers, supporting long‐term water‐resource planning and climate‐resilient management.

Tumaini Nyamhanga, Veronica Masawe

Abstract Barriers to dog vaccination in Tanzania in general, and in Kilosa District in particular, are not well understood. Therefore, this study sought to address the following research question: What are the multilevel barriers to the vaccination of dogs against rabies in Kilosa District? Guided by a socioecological model, the study explored the barriers to dog vaccination at multiple levels within the Kilosa District context. A case study design employing a qualitative research approach was used. Data were collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews to investigate contextual barriers to dog vaccination. The collected data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. The results are organized according to the levels of the socioecological model. At the individual level, barriers include limited literacy about rabies and dog rabies vaccination; low perceived risk of rabies transmission; low prioritization of dog vaccination in household financial decisions; and uncertainty regarding the cost of dog vaccination. At the organizational/health system level, barriers include fragmented provision of rabies-related health education, reactive rather than proactive sensitization efforts, and limited communication channels, primarily relying on loudspeaker announcements. At the community level, barriers include misconceptions about protection against rabies and mistrust in political leadership. In conclusion, Rabies vaccination uptake in Kilosa District is constrained by multilevel barriers. Individually, limited knowledge, low risk perception, and financial uncertainty reduce prioritization of dog vaccination. Organizational barriers include fragmented health education, weak cross-sector coordination, and reactive communication. At the community level, logistical challenges, absence of By-Laws, persistent misconceptions, and political mistrust further limit vaccination coverage.

Yang He, Artan Sheshmani

We study the behavior of toric Landau-Ginzburg models under extremal contraction and minimal model program. We also establish a relation between the moduli space of toric Landau-Ginzburg models and the geography of central models. We conjecture that there is a correspondence between extremal contractions and minimal model program on Fano varieties, and degenerations of their associated toric Landau-Ginzburg models written explicitly. We prove the conjectures for smooth toric varieties, as well as general smooth Fano varieties in dimensions 2 and 3. As an application, we compute the elementary syzygies for smooth Fano threefolds.

Amr S. Mohamed, Emily Nguyen, Deepa Kundur

Amidst the growing demand for implementing advanced control and decision-making algorithms|to enhance the reliability, resilience, and stability of power systems|arises a crucial concern regarding the safety of employing machine learning techniques. While these methods can be applied to derive more optimal control decisions, they often lack safety assurances. This paper proposes a framework based on control barrier functions to facilitate safe learning and deployment of reinforcement learning agents for power system control applications, specifically in the context of automatic generation control. We develop the safety barriers and reinforcement learning framework necessary to establish trust in reinforcement learning as a safe option for automatic generation control - as foundation for future detailed verification and application studies.

Elvis Frimpong Manso, Alfred Arthur, Joseph Osafo Eduah et al.

Despite the differences in soil and fertilizer properties affecting fertilizer effectiveness, farmers often use nationwide blanket formulations, which may not optimize cocoa yield. Previous trials have shown that fertilizer application outcomes vary by soil type, prompting recommendations for site-specific fertilizer formulations. Nonetheless, the complexity of creating these models leaves farmers relying on available blanket fertilizers instead. To enable farmers to select fertilizer types that will best suit their soils, the effects of soil properties and fertilizer types on the solubility, availability of macronutrients, and pH in two cocoa soils were investigated. Five kilograms of ferralsol and acrisol were prepared in nursery bags, with five different fertilizers (A, B, C, D, and E) applied at rates of 375, 500, and 625 kg·ha−1 were set in factorial experiment laid in completely randomized design with four replicates each. Following a 3-week incubation, nutrient analysis was conducted weekly. Water solubility was assessed by weighing 1, 2, and 3 g of each fertilizer in 200 mL of distilled water and shaken for 3 hours. Results indicate that lower solute-to-solvent ratios decreased NPK, Ca, and Mg solubility. Fertilizer A increased soil pH from 6.81 to 7.45 in ferralsol and from 5.78 to 7.50 in acrisol. The different soils showed different release trends though the same fertilizers were applied. Available phosphorus rose from 4.76 to 166.69 mg·kg−1 in ferralsol and from 4.32 to 170.00 mg·kg−1 in acrisol, while total nitrogen rose from 0.22% to 0.30% in ferralsol and from 0.16% to 0.20% in acrisol. The findings highlight that soil properties influence fertilizer solubility and nutrient availability in cocoa soils.

Bartosz Naskręcki, Piotr Pokora

This survey focuses on the geometric problem of log-surfaces, which are pairs consisting of a smooth projective surface and a reduced non-empty boundary divisor. In the first part, we focus on the geography problem for complex log-surfaces associated with pairs of the form $(\mathbb{P}^{2}, C)$, where $C$ is an arrangement of smooth plane curves admitting ordinary singularities. Specifically, we focus on the case in which $C$ is an arrangement consisting of smooth rational curves as its irreducible components. In the second part, containing original new results, we study log-surfaces constructed as pairs consisting of a complex projective $K3$ surface and a rational curve arrangement. In particular, we provide some combinatorial conditions for such pairs to have the log-Chern slope equal to $3$. Our survey is illustrated with many explicit examples of log-surfaces.

Hassan Haji Amiri, Arash Seghfi Asl, Mehdi Ashjaie

The question of resource constraints is an issue for all industrialized, developed and developing countries. Therefore, saving on fossil energy consumption and sustainable development have become very important and common issues internationally. So as to conserve energy resources, prevent contamination of the land and the environment, reduce fossil energy use and co-exist with natural and state-of-the-art environments, one of the most important measures in architecture and urban planning, and the architects and urban planners have to adhere to the principles and rules. Special in the field of construction. Over the years, various guidelines, standards, and standards have been developed to optimize energy consumption in buildings, including the most noteworthy metrics today (LEED). The purpose of the present study is to identify the causal pattern of environmental sustainability principles based on the Leid's Code. The present study is of applied purpose and of descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of this study consisted of Qom architects and experts. The sample size was 25 individuals. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, fuzzy DEMATEL model was used. The results of this study showed that amongst the biodiversity sustainability criteria based on the Leading Model of the Sustainable Site Criterion was identified as the most influential criterion and the Regional Priority and Innovation Criteria in the design as the most influential criterion. Energy, climate and water efficiency and indoor air quality of materials and materials were also identified as intermediate criteria.

Ziyi Yin, Guowei Huang, Rui Zhao et al.

Abstract Crowdfunding has become important in increasing financial support for the development of green technologies. Self-disclosed information significantly affects supporters’ decisions and is important for the success of green project funding. However, current studies still lack investigations into the impact of information disclosure on green crowdfunding performance. This research aims to fill this knowledge gap by exploring eight information disclosure-relevant factors in green crowdfunding performance. Applying machine learning techniques (e.g., Natural Language Processing and Computer Vision) and logistic regression, this study investigates 720 green crowdfunding campaigns on GoFundMe and empirically finds that the duration, length of campaign introductions, and length of the title influence fundraising outcomes. However, no evidence supports the impact of goal size, emotion of campaign introduction, or image content on funding success. This study clarifies the information disclosure-related data that green crowdfunding campaigns should consider and provides founders with a constructive guide to smoothly raise money for a green crowdfunding campaign. This study also contributes to data processing methods by providing future studies with an approach for transferring unstructured data to structured data.

J. Neary, M. Amiti, Richard E. Baldwin et al.

Reviewing The Spatial Economy by Fujita, Krugman, and Venables, this paper argues that the key contribution of the new economic geography is a framework in which standard building blocks of mainstream economics (especially rational decision making and simple general equilibrium models) are used to model the trade-off between dispersal and agglomeration. The approach thus gives a choice-theoretic basis for a "propensity to agglomerate."

Dawen Qian, Bo Fan, Yuting Lan et al.

One of the challenges of managing grasslands sustainably is the conflict between the different ecosystem services they provide. This is especially evident in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) region, where fragile alpine ecosystems make balancing the needs of grassland conservation and development difficult. However, our current understanding of the relationships and drivers of ecosystem services in degraded alpine shrub meadows on the QTP is insufficient. To address this, we studied forage provisioning and water retention services in a degraded alpine shrub meadow in the northeastern QTP. We analyzed the changes and relationships between these services at different levels of degradation and identified those factors that influenced ecosystem service relationships. The results showed that the forage supply service and the water retention service of the alpine shrub meadow increased and decreased by 23.6% and 27.07%, respectively, due to degradation. The trade-offs between these two services varied depending on the degree of degradation, with light and moderate degradation showing a preference for water retention service, and heavy and extreme degradation showing a preference for forage supply. Water retention was constrained by forage supply and both services showed an exponential function form of decay. The physical and chemical properties of the soil in the alpine shrub meadow remained relatively stable during the degradation process, with only soil organic carbon (SOC), total potassium (TK), and total nitrogen (TN) decreasing significantly. SOC may have indirectly influenced the relationship between the two services by affecting water retention. This study provides insights into alpine shrub meadow management and conservation on the QTP.

Aurora Ranting Salsabilla, LGLK. Dewi, Ni Putu Eka Mahadewi

Green marketing mix is an important field of study for companies because it provides opportunities for competitive advantage that can influence consumer purchasing decisions. This research aims to determine the effect of green marketing mix on purchasing decisions for Beach Voluntrip product at PT. Gemilang Media Wisatama (Travelxism) partially and simultaneously. This research uses quantitative research methods and data collection techniques including observation, documentation, interviews, questionnaires, and literature study. Data analysis techniques in this research include research instrument tests, classical assumption tests, descriptive statistical analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing. The sampling technique in this research uses probability sampling technique and saturation sampling by distributing questionnaires to domestic tourists aged ? 17 years who had purchased Beach Voluntrip product at Travelxism. The results state that green marketing mix variable has a significant and positive effect on the purchasing decision variable partially and simultaneously. Based on the research results, Travelxism is advised to intensify promotions targeting tourists with an age range of 17-25 years on social media, diversify eco-friendly tourism products and provide competitive prices so they can compete with alternative tourism products and other conventional tourism products.

H. Miller

Filip Strakoš

In this short note, we provide a criterion for DGA-homotopy of augmentations of Chekanov-Eliashberg algebra of disconnected Legendrian submanifolds. We apply the criterion to obtain the extension of geography results of Bourgeois and Galant concerning bilinearized Legendrian contact homology to the case of disconnected Legendrian submanifolds.

Ron Martin, P. Sunley