Hasil untuk "Geography"

N. Castree, Rob Kitchin, A. Rogers

D. Audretsch, M. Feldman

C. Raunkiær

J. Burgess, G. Rose

R. Boschma, K. Frenken

D. Bloom, J. Sachs

T. Cresswell

R. Florida

Stuart S. Rosenthal, W. Strange

Kate Derickson

M. Vogt, N. Bormann, S. Rüegger et al.

Ryan V. Crawford, Jamie L. Crawford, Julie L. Hansen et al.

Abstract This study evaluated near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for nondestructive crude protein (CP) prediction in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) grain and validated the biological basis of spectral predictions. Note that 149 whole grain samples from 38 cultivars were collected from New York trials (2017–2021) and validated for CP by combustion. Seven preprocessing methods were tested using 100 training/testing splits, with standard normal variate transformation following Savitzky–Golay filtering selected as optimal. Comparing algorithms showed that partial least squares regression (PLSR) significantly outperformed support vector machines and random forest. The best preprocessing method and algorithm was applied to 1000 additional splits. Optimal models contained 12 components with mean performance of root mean square error [RMSE] = 9.94, r2 = 0.84, relative predicted deviation [RPD] = 2.5, and ratio of performance to interquartile distance [RPIQ] = 3.94. More than 99% of the models had, at minimum, the ability to distinguish between high and low values, with 93.2% capable of quantitative prediction. To validate biological relevance, a protein‐focused model was developed using three known protein absorption bands (1200–1250, 1500–1550, and 2040–2090 nm). These models had substantially reduced performance with 86% of models capable of distinguishing between high and low values but only 14% of models capable of quantitative prediction. However, this targeted approach offers evidence that NIRS predictions are biologically grounded in protein‐specific spectral features rather than spurious correlations. This research demonstrates the promise and biological validity of NIRS for hemp grain CP assessment, supporting applications in breeding programs, although applications demanding more accurate prediction will require better models.

Handrian Ginting Jonson, Afrida Afrida, Zulkifli Addina et al.

This study examines the 2024 flash flood in Pandai Sikek, West Sumatra, through the lens of disaster anthropology and social memory. Based on preliminary research and one week of ethnographic fieldwork, the research reveals that while extreme rainfall triggered the event, socio-ecological drivers such as post-COVID return migration, deforestation, and land-use change significantly amplified its impacts. The community’s vulnerability was heightened by the absence of social memory: no oral traditions, rituals, or institutional practices existed to anticipate or respond to such a disaster. The flood therefore collapsed long-standing narratives of safety associated with Mount Singgalang and forced the community to confront a new reality of risk. Findings show that the disaster produced both trauma and solidarity, as gotong royong, remittances from migrants, and local organizing supported immediate recovery. At the same time, new and contested memories of vulnerability began to emerge. Early mitigation efforts, including reforestation, canal reinforcement, and disaster awareness initiatives, indicate steps toward resilience, though challenges remain in institutionalizing these lessons. The study concludes that building resilience in Pandai Sikek requires not only ecological restoration but also the transformation of traumatic absence into enduring social memory.

Nitin Thombre, Pritesh Patil, Ankita Yadav et al.

Abstract The textile industry is one of the important and largest industry that consumes major chunk of the water in the world. This industry produces a large amount of wastewater during the processes such as sizing, de-sizing, scouring, bleaching, mercerizing, dyeing, printing, and finishing. The used water produced after such processes affects the environment heavily due to its composition such as mineral salts and oils present in suspended state, metals and metal complexes, dyes, various chemicals, some readily-biodegradable products and some constituents that are hard to biodegrade. The treatment of such hazardous effluent to reuse the water in certain water demanding processes is essential. Considering the worldwide application of the textiles, the appropriate management of water resources in the sector includes the treatment of effluent by efficient technology and the reuse of the water. This article displays an overview of waste management during textile industrial processes. It aims at giving oversight on waste minimization and reuse along with wastewater treatment methods. It also involves the cross-utilization of effluent between processes for achieving water efficiency. This review covers advanced waterless textile dyeing processes, zero liquid discharge techniques, advanced oxidation processes, biological treatment methods, which can be a sustainable and greener approach to reducing the waste generation.

Nicodemo Abate, Diego Ronchi, Sara Elettra Zaia et al.

This study presents a multi-resolution and multi-temporal remote sensing approach to assess human-induced changes in cultural landscapes, with a focus on the archaeological site of Amrit (Syria) within the MapDam project. By integrating satellite archives (KH, Landsat series, NASADEM) with ancillary geospatial data (OpenStreetMap) and advanced analytical methods, four decades (1984–2024) of land-use/land-cover (LULC) change and shoreline dynamics were reconstructed. Machine learning classification (Random Forest) achieved high accuracy (Test Accuracy = 0.94; Kappa = 0.89), enabling robust LULC mapping, while predictive modelling of urban expansion, calibrated through a Gradient Boosting Machine, attained a Figure of Merit of 0.157, confirming strong predictive reliability. The results reveal path-dependent urban growth concentrated on low-slope terrains (≤5°) and consistent with proximity to infrastructure, alongside significant shoreline regression after 1974. A Business-as-Usual projection for 2024–2034 estimates 8.676 ha of new anthropisation, predominantly along accessible plains and peri-urban fringes. Beyond quantitative outcomes, this study demonstrates the replicability and scalability of open-source, data-driven workflows using Google Earth Engine and Python 3.14, making them applicable to other high-risk heritage contexts. This transparent methodology is particularly critical in conflict zones or in regions where cultural assets are neglected due to economic constraints, political agendas, or governance limitations, offering a powerful tool to document and safeguard endangered archaeological landscapes.

Qing Ke, Tianxing Pan, Jin Mao

The production of knowledge has become increasingly a global endeavor. Yet, location related factors, such as local working environment and national policy designs, may continue to affect what kind of science is being pursued. Here we examine the geography of the production of creative science by country, through the lens of novelty and atypicality proposed in Uzzi et al. (2013). We quantify a country's representativeness in novel and atypical science, finding persistent differences in propensity to generate creative works, even among developed countries that are large producers in science. We further cluster countries based on how their tendency to publish novel science changes over time, identifying one group of emerging countries. Our analyses point out the recent emergence of China not only as a large producer in science but also as a leader that disproportionately produces more novel and atypical research. Discipline specific analysis indicates that China's over-production of atypical science is limited to a few disciplines, especially its most prolific ones like materials science and chemistry.

Kirby Calvert

Richard de Grijs

During the first few centuries CE, the centre of the known world gradually shifted from Alexandria to Constantinople. Combined with a societal shift from pagan beliefs to Christian doctrines, Antiquity gave way to the Byzantine era. While Western Europe entered an extended period of intellectual decline, Constantinople developed into a rich cultural crossroads between East and West. Yet, Byzantine scholarship in astronomy and geography continued to rely heavily on their ancient Greek heritage, and particularly on Ptolemy's Geography. Unfortunately, Ptolemy's choices for his geographic coordinate system resulted in inherent and significant distortions of and inaccuracies in maps centred on the Byzantine Empire. This comprehensive review of Byzantine geographic achievements -- supported by a review of astronomical developments pertaining to position determination on Earth -- aims to demonstrate why and how, when Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453 and the Ottoman Empire commenced, Byzantine astronomers had become the central axis in an extensive network of Christians, Muslims and Jews. Their influence remained significant well into the Ottoman era, particularly in the context of geographical applications.

Adolfo Cristobal Campoamor, Osiris Jorge Parcero

This paper proposes a two blocks and three regions economic geography model that can account for the most salient stylized facts experienced by Eastern European transition economies during the period 1990 2005. In contrast to the existing literature, which has favored technological explanations, trade liberalization is the only driving force. The model correctly predicts that in the first half of the period, trade liberalization led to divergence in GDP per capita, both between the West and the East and within the East. Consistent with the data, in the second half of the period, this process was reversed and convergence became the dominant force.

Kouki Taniyama

Let $α$ be a map from the set of all knot types ${\mathcal K}$ to a set $X$. Let $β$ be a map from ${\mathcal K}$ to a set $Y$. We define the relation between $α$ and $β$ to be the image of a map $(α,β)$ from ${\mathcal K}$ to $X\times Y$ sending an element $K$ of ${\mathcal K}$ to $(α(K),β(K))$. We determine the relations between $α$ and $β$ for certain $α$ and $β$ such as crossing number, unknotting number, bridge number, braid index, genus and canonical genus. This is a study of geography problem in knot theory.