Hasil untuk "French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature"

Lucia VIŞINESCU

compte rendu

Luis Miguel Rojas Berscia

En este artículo realizamos una primera y breve exploración en el repertorio epistemológico shawi/chayahuita en torno al fenómeno lingüístico. Siguiendo la línea propuesta en Favaron Peyón (2024) en aras de dar voz a distintas reflexiones poéticas, retóricas y teóricas en torno a la ‘palabra’ entre los pueblos amerindios, proveemos un primer acercamiento al concepto de nanan ‘palabra, lengua’, así como a una de las manifestaciones más íntimas de su arte y saberes, el icaro. Gracias a las reflexiones compartidas por el sabio y maestro Rafael Chanchari Pizuri, nos acercamos a la etimología, así como a la estructura discursiva del icaro. Es así que damos un primer paso hacia el diálogo entre la lingüística occidental contemporánea y lo que oso llamar una lingüística o filosofía del lenguaje shawi.

Jony Alexander Rodríguez Valderrama, Witton Becerra Mayorga

El presente artículo identifica la relación entre naturaleza y ser humano en un corpus de leyendas campesinas boyacenses. En principio, se realiza un acercamiento al concepto de leyenda y sus características; luego, se analiza el corpus desde postulados ecocríticos con la finalidad de hallar los puntos de encuentro que permiten su posterior categorización en dos niveles: seres protectores de la naturaleza y naturaleza como sujeto activo. Finalmente, se concluye que la naturaleza no es solo parte central de las leyendas, sino parte vital de la identidad campesina boyacense; por tanto, influye, por su valor cultural, al fomento de conciencia ecológica.

Badr, Maha

Marianne Palisse

Wagner Monteiro Pereira

This essay analyzes the current linguistic policy of the Real Academia Española (RAE) and the consortium of Spanish-American academies based on a standardized and unified conception of language underpinned by the ideological notions of a (Pan-Hispanic) nation and language (of the old empire). The analysis involves a comparison of the Ortografía de la lengua española [Spelling of the Spanish Language], published in 1999, whose motto “unifica, limpia y fija” [“unify, clean, and resolve”] sums up the linguistic policy practiced by the RAE, with texts on linguistic and glotopolitical policies.

A. Paladini, T. Lanza, V. Gianfredi et al.

Abstract Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at the frontline of interaction with those that are taking decisions around vaccination. They need adequate training. The general aim of this systematic review is to assess HCWs’ training needs on vaccinology and vaccine acceptance. This work was performed for the European Centre for Disease Control (ECDC) under the specific contract No 1ECD.12108 ID.12922 implementing the framework contract number ECDC/2021/005. Methods The search was performed using MEDLINE, Scopus and Google Scholar databases in February 2022. The following inclusion criteria were used: date (from 01/01/2011 to 24/02/2022); language (English, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, French and Romanian); geographic location of the study (Europe). Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS checklist) was used to assess the methodological quality of the included papers. Results The scientific literature search retrieved 640 results on PubMed, 556 on Scopus and 15 on Google Scholar. In total, 1211 records were identified. After the duplicate removal and the title/abstract assessment, 132 publications were assessed for eligibility. Finally, after the full-text assessment, only 25 articles were included. As regards for the quality assessment, all studies were judged of moderate-good quality. The majority of studies stressed the need to deepen general knowledge of vaccine preventable diseases, vaccine efficacy, vaccination schedule and adverse effects of vaccines. Conclusions Considering their role in the community, especially as source of information and trust for vaccine acceptance, educational initiatives in vaccinology and vaccine hesitancy should be prioritized for HCWs, aimed at increasing their knowledge, awareness, and attitudes. An important heterogeneity of educational backgrounds, activities performed and training needs of the HCWs involved in vaccination at European level was one of the main critical issue to be addressed for future actions. Key messages HCWs need appropriate training and constant updates on immunization. General knowledge of vaccine preventable diseases, vaccine efficacy, vaccination schedule and safety are main HCWs’ learning needs.

N. Pascual-Leone, Danielle E. Chipman, Preston W. Gross et al.

Introduction: English publications have been found to be more widely cited than publications in other languages leading to a higher impact in various fields. Many authors have thus focused on publishing in English so as to reach the largest audience possible, however, important non-English publications remain a vital part of the peer-reviewed literature. This study sought to understand the relative quantities of pediatric orthopaedic publications written in the top 10 languages published in PubMed. Methods: The 10 languages with the most publications in PubMed were analyzed. These included English, German, Chinese, French, Russian, Japanese, Spanish, Polish, Italian, and Portuguese. All publications in orthopaedics and pediatric orthopaedics were pulled for each language. Publication rates were analyzed by individual language and by English versus non-English. Results: A total of 522,099 publications were analyzed between 1960-2020. English publications accounted for 93.1% of all orthopaedic publications and 91.4% of pediatric orthopaedic publications. When analyzing by individual language, German, French, and Chinese accounted for the greatest number of non-English publications with 24.9%, 21.2%, and 20.0% of non-English pediatric orthopaedic publications, respectively. Conclusion: In the 10 languages analyzed in this study, 8.6% of pediatric orthopaedic publications were written in non-English languages. When performing systematic reviews, care should be taken to assess literature published in these languages, specifically German, French, and Chinese, as they account for the greatest number of non-English publications. This will ensure that no relevant constituent studies are missed in qualitative syntheses due to lack of translation or access.

Roger Vinícius da Silva Costa

Perhaps intentionality is the most problematic category in the definition of suicide, however there still seems to be no literature review of relevant theoretical arguments and main dictionaries of different languages. Given this situation, the general objective of this study was to understand how to treat the category of intentionality in the definition of suicide. A qualitative, quantitative, exploratory and bibliographic methodology was used. A narrative review based on 27 authors from different areas included 19 theoretical arguments, organized on a matrix. 7 arguments are applicable in defense of the thesis that suicide is intentional, another 7 to defend the opposite thesis that this phenomenon is not intentional and the remaining 5 apparently in favor of either of the two. Moving forward to an integrative review guided by 8 criteria, 58 definitions of noun and/or verb were extracted from 36 monolingual, digital dictionaries of Portuguese, Spanish, English, French, Italian, German and Russian. 72.22% of the selected dictionaries refer to suicide as intentional, and 27.78%, including all Portuguese ones, do not characterize it as such. In the first group, intentionality was referred mostly by lexical items equivalent to “intentional”, “voluntary” and “deliberate”, as well as adverbs based on them. The conclusion is that it is not feasible to include intentionality in the definition of suicide, because academic and lexicographic sources lack consensus. It is recommended to overcome the qualitative and quantitative limitations of this study, as well as to consult more than one definition of suicide and in different languages.

Juan Manuel Cortes-Ramírez, Carmen de la Luz Ayala-Escandón, Juan Manuel de Jesús Cortés de la Torre et al.

Introduction. Congenital heart diseases are the most common childhood development malformations. These children are predisposed to developing infective endocarditis caused by bacteremia due to dental procedures. Objective. The propose of this review is to establish a protocol for dental management of children with congenital heart disease, minimizing risks caused by dental treatment. Methods: A review of the literature was conducted searching articles indexed in Cochrane, Medline, Lilacs, EMBASE, Amedeo and SciELO, emphasizing the past five years, in languages: French, Italian, Portuguese, English and Spanish. Results. A protocol for dental approach is presented, which reduces risk factors in the presence of congenital heart disease. Conclusion. There is a scarse information regarding the relationship between pathology and dentistry, therefore the importance of having a protocol for the treatment of these patients that improve their quality of life and decrease the risk factors.

Carlos Vadillo Buenfil

Este artículo analiza las correlaciones y los distanciamientos discursivos y argumentales entre narraciones de la picaresca canónica y la más reciente novela de Felipe Benítez Reyes. En la actualización de la propuesta picaresca, El azar y viceversa (2016) trasluce rasgos de las novelas posmodernas: autoconciencia, ironía, parodia, intertextualidad, «metaficción historiográfica», mestizaje genérico, descreimiento de las utopías, desarraigo espacial del héroe e inestabilidad ontológica; estos elementos nos guían para inscribirla en la neopicaresca de la contemporaneidad. En suma, como planteó Alonso Zamora Vicente sobre las ficciones continuadoras de lo picaril, examinaremos en qué medida El azar y viceversa se sujeta a los relatos truhanescos, y mediante qué maniobras se aparta del canon, lo matiza o le otorga otra dimensión.

Emiliano Tavernini

Claudia Caño Rivera

A partir de las fotografías de Graciela Iturbide, Elena Poniatowska crea el texto Juchitán de las mujeres utilizando como hilo conductor la reivindicación de la mujer juchiteca. Poniatowska no solo interpreta las imágenes, sino que les proporciona un contexto e interrelaciona a los personajes unos con otros, formando así una red de vínculos sociales y afectivos, implícitos en la fotografía y desarrollados en el texto. Por otro lado, en Forward Kioto, de Juan Villoro, los personajes son influenciados por las fotografías que se van mencionando, para las que el autor incluye su propia interpretación a la par que juega con el simbolismo presente en ellas, creando así una red de significados que se relacionan con el texto y con los sucesivos acontecimientos que el protagonista va contando. Su relato suscita una reflexión en torno a la comunicación visual y escrita, planteando, al mismo tiempo, un debate sobre la identidad mexicana. From Graciela Iturbide’s photographs, Elena Poniatowska writes Juchitán de las mujeres placing the vindication of the juchiteca women as the guiding thread. Poniatowska not only describes the images, but also gives the reader some context and connects the characters with each other, creating, in this way, a social and affective network that is implicit in the photography. On the other side, Juan Villoro’s Forward Kioto’s characters are influenced by the photographs mentioned throughout the story. Villoro includes his own reading of the photographs and plays with its symbolism, developing its meaning and relating it with the text as well as the events that the protagonist narrates. His tale poses a reflection on visual and written communication, and a debate about Mexican identity.

Fabiola C. Montegutti-Cornelio, Mercedes Causse- Cathcart, Francisca Paula Soares-Maia

Ao​ longo do tempo, as relações de gênero vêm sendo discutidas, revelando que se configuram a partir de uma estrutura cultural a qual as constitui nas identidades do gênero masculino e feminino. Essas identificações estão vinculadas às relações de poder e ao mesmo tempo à compreensão da estrutura Estatal e à construção da democracia. Assim, os movimentos feministas vêm lutando contra as estruturas de dominação patriarcal e capitalista existentes na sociedade e principalmente lutando contra toda e qualquer forma de violência contra a mulher. Cada movimento feminista tem suas especificidades, dentro desse contexto, cada movimento luta contra a sua realidade de opressão. Essas lutas por direitos civis e políticos são algumas das demandas dos movimentos feministas. O presente artigo pretende trazer algumas das contribuições dos movimentos feministas, considerando as características de cada um desses movimentos, e em especial o caso do Brasil, visando a apontar os avanços e desafios.

Samir Mellikeche, H. Marin, S. Benítez et al.

CONTEXT The Unified Model of Information Systems Continuance (UMISC) is a metamodel for the evaluation of clinical information systems (CISs) that integrates constructs from five models that have previously been published in the literature. UMISC was developed at the Georges Pompidou University Hospital (HEGP) in Paris and was partially validated at the Saint Joseph Hospital Group (HPSJ), another acute care institution using the same CIS as HEGP. OBJECTIVE The aim of this replication study was twofold: (1) to perform an external validation of UMISC in two different hospitals and country contexts: the Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires (HIBA) in Argentina and the Hospital Sirio Libanes in Sao Paulo, Brazil (HSL); (2) to compare, using the same evaluation model, the determinants of satisfaction, use, and continuance intention observed at HIBA and HSL with those previously observed at HEGP and HPSJ. METHODS The UMISC evaluation questionnaires were translated from their original languages (English and French) to Brazilian Portuguese and Spanish following the translation/back-translation method. These questionnaires were then applied at each target site. The 21 UMISC-associated hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM). RESULTS A total of 3020 users, 1079 at HIBA and 1941 at the HSL, were included in the analysis. The respondents included 1406 medical staff and 1001 nursing staff. The average profession-adjusted use, overall satisfaction and continuance intention were significantly higher at HIBA than at HSL in the medical and nursing groups. In SEM analysis, UMISC explained 23% and 11% of the CIS use dimension, 72% and 85% of health professionals' satisfaction, and 41% and 60% of continuance intention at HIBA and HSL, respectively. Twenty of the 21 UMISC-related hypotheses were validated in at least one of the four evaluation sites, and 16 were validated in two or more sites. CONCLUSION The UMISC evaluation metamodel appears to be a robust comparison and explanatory model of satisfaction, use and continuance intention for CISs in late post adoption situations.

R. Biswas, A. Lugo, S. Gallus et al.

INTRODUCTION Prevalence estimates depend largely on the nature of the question asked to define the presence of the health condition, and the literature on the population burden of tinnitus and hearing difficulties is no different in this respect. The lack of standardized questions for data collection limits comparison across studies and across countries. The purpose of this short Technical Note is to report the first attempt to establish a set of standard questions developed for use in population-based surveys, and their adaptation and translation from English into 11 European languages. METHODS Four questions and their corresponding response options were adapted from existing population-based surveys to assess tinnitus prevalence, tinnitus symptom severity, use of healthcare resources for tinnitus and hearing difficulty. The translated versions (Bulgarian, French, German, Greek, Italian, Latvian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, and Spanish) were generated using recognized methods to achieve a "world-for-world" translation. RESULTS Translated versions were produced with acceptable functional equivalence to the original English-language version, as judged by a small panel of bilingual speakers who participated in the online field testing. CONCLUSION This work is the first of its kind to promote multi-national standardization by creating a set of tools that can readily be used across countries. These are currently being used in a European-wide study of tinnitus prevalence, and have wider application across English- and Spanish speaking countries including the Americas and Oceania.

L. Nikitina

It has been acknowledged in research literature that stereotypes about a target language country held by language learners influence the students’ motivation to learn a foreign language (L2 motivation). However, there is a lack of studies that link explorations of these stereotypes and L2 motivation in a single research project. This mixed-methods study addressed this gap in research literature. It examined relationships between endogenous stereotypes about target language countries and L2 motivation using a sample of 194 students learning foreign languages in a major public university in Malaysia. These languages included French, German, Italian, Portuguese (European and Brazilian varieties), Russian and Spanish. The data were collected through a questionnaire survey. One open-ended question sought the students’ mental images of the target language countries; two thermometer-type scales assessed the students’ general attitudes toward the target language countries and people and 16 closed-ended statements with attached Likert-type scales assessed their L2 motivation. The findings from the qualitative strand of the analysis revealed that the respondents had distinct and predominantly positive images of each of the target language countries. This allowed making a tentative proposition that the country stereotypes would have a positive relationship with the students’ L2 motivation, especially the integrative orientation. Results of the statistical analyses in the quantitative phase indicated that the relationship between the country stereotypes and L2 motivation was the strongest in the case of the integrative orientation. The article concludes with a brief discussion of implications that can be drawn from this study.

R. Rubira, Gisela Gil-Egui

Sophie Nezri-Dufour

Dans Il giardino dei Finzi-Contini, Bassani met au centre de son récit la tragédie des lois raciales en situant ses personnages essentiellement autour d’un terrain de tennis. Notre propos sera d’analyser ce lieu et ce sport comme chronotope et métaphore littéraire, historique et existentielle. Le tennis en tant qu’activité et lieu social s’impose en effet comme une donnée centrale du récit. Il est un véritable catalyseur de mise en tension des personnages entre eux et de ceux-ci avec la réalité. Les différentes notions liées au tennis sont en outre fondamentales dans le récit. Le tennis et son terrain, mais aussi le jeu physique qu’il engendre, deviennent rapidement des clefs de lecture, très variées, concernant des notions telles que la liberté, la séduction, la réflexion sur le sens de la vie et de l’Histoire, mais aussi un lieu d’initiation à l’existence et à la mort.

Sabrina Gil

Este ensayo analiza las relaciones entre Alfonso Reyes y el artista argentino Xul Solar en torno a un proyecto resonante: la independencia cultural americana desde la integración de lo local y lo universal. Proponemos el trazado de líneas imaginarias entre Visión de Anáhuac y una selección de acuarelas de Solar con foco en la actualización del pasado americano perimido por la Conquista y la Colonización y la resignificación de herramientas culturales provenientes de la tradición occidental. Esperamos establecer una matriz común, donde la interrogación sobre el presente y la búsqueda de un arte y una literatura autónomos propician la imaginación del pasado prehispánico mediante experimentaciones formales, en alguna medida, equivalentes en la escritura y la pintura.