The madrasa constructions are part of our culture and are among our works reflecting our past. However, the changing circumstances along with the passing time have caused the disappear of the functions of the buildings. It will be beneficial for the society to gain these structures from now on, and it will prevent the building from disappearing over time.Within the scope of the study, the design process of the furnishing and designing project was handled with the re-functioning of Sahaib-i Ata Fahrettin Ali (Stone) Madrasah, which is an important cultural heritage for the city of Akşehir in Konya. In this context, since the restoration of the structure is a feature that must be exhibited both itself and the madrasah function (research process, scenario process). All studies have emphasized the importance of restitution and restoration work in the conversion process in order to reuse the madrasa building, which is a cultural asset. He also aimed to reveal the stages in which the projects and arrangements were prepared.
Rapid demographic change and the ongoing process of dechurching are bringing about significant transformations in Germany’s sacred building landscape. Strategies for managing churches no longer in regular liturgical use vary considerably. In some locations, buildings are quickly disposed of, sold, or demolished, whereas in others efforts are made to reuse them in ways that remain as close as possible to their original function. This applies to both Catholic and Protestant churches. As former parishes are merged into larger pastoral units, individual buildings are often assigned specialised functions: children’s church, youth church, city church, book church, cultural church, vespers church, ecumenical church, columbarium church, to name but a few. These adaptations are sometimes accompanied by substantial architectural interventions, and sometimes not. Churches frequently combine multiple uses under a single roof. Hybrid use opens the church to the urban environment, which benefits from its prominent location. Conversely, the community gains from shared use by other organisations and groups, both financially and socially. From a theological perspective, this represents an opportunity for a new mode of being in the world in the era of the post-popular church.
Architectural drawing and design, Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying
Adjective Constructions is a speculative drawing project and a creative re-appropriation of the distance that has defined our decade-long remote collaboration across North America. Each resulting drawing – or ‘adjective construction’ – explores the question of what it means to draw together remotely, by enlisting architectural tools to push, probe, and mine the tension between the visceral materiality of the close-at-hand and its projection across the distance between us. In this paper we reflect on the process that underpins our drawing practice, one that is rooted in dialogue (between us, with the work, and with our tools). This practice foregrounds the emergent and generative capacity of play – as described by Miguel Sicart and theorised by Hans-Georg Gadamer – as the primary motive for the work. Following Gadamer’s understanding of play as essential to a dialectic approach to uncovering understanding, this paper eschews a definitive explanation of our drawing process, and instead sets up a conversation between this process and three thought-worlds which reach across disciplines and animate our designerly imagination: poet and Greek scholar Anne Carson’s presentation of the ‘adjective’ as a seemingly superfluous appendage, but one that can anchor a work in specificity; landscape architect Cornelia Hahn Oberlander’s instructions for adventure playgrounds; and garden designer Henk Gerritsen’s dialectical approach to (un)natural gardening and whim topiary. While each of these practices share meaningful resonances with our own process, they are not presented as direct metaphorical correspondents. They are brought together to set up a constellation of thought-worlds and sensibilities that vibrate and cross-pollinate into expanded possibilities, while maintaining the work’s ambiguity and openness, creating opportunities for further interpretations, subsequent re-appropriations, more play. Read the full article online at: https://drawingon.org/Issue-04-06-Adjective-Constructions
Indoor basketball halls and fitness centers represent dynamic architectural spaces where adaptability and multi-functionality are paramount. This article delves into the strategic design considerations essential for optimizing adaptability within these facilities, drawing insights from contemporary architectural research, case studies
This paper explores the impact of COVID-19 on higher education practical design courses in Egypt. Because of inadequate resources and preparedness, Egyptian colleges have struggled to adopt digital teaching methods during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper examines strategies that are the most feasible for teaching practical courses during or after a pandemic through distance learning (on online platforms). An action research project was set up to deliver two studio-based design courses, one on architectural drawing and the other on furniture design via distance learning (online mode). This approach used a suite of technologies and synchronous and asynchronous delivery mechanisms, such as Zoom and Google Classroom. Student perceptions about the impact of these changes were evaluated using questionnaires. A psychological effect of the conditions caused by the pandemic on students has been the loss of interest in academics. The research results partially support the use of online platforms to teach practical courses. However, more needs to be done to improve the delivery of online courses in Egypt. Further, holding competitions was found to boost students’ motivation levels. A future strategy for teaching practical courses in applied arts and engineering is proposed in this paper.
With technological development and industrial transformation, the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry, comprising architecture, engineering, and construction, has shifted from a traditional drawing-based design mode to a digital and computer-based mode. In recent years, the application of extended reality (XR) technology, including virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) technology, emphasizes the immersive and interactive experiences between reality and virtuality, bringing breakthrough developments to architectural projects. This study proposes a new design process mode—the BIM-based XR system—and compares it with the traditional design process mode through an actual stadium design project. Three evaluation perspectives including aesthetics, gaze tracking, and perceived usefulness assessment are used to compare the differences between the two modes. The result showed that the use of the BIM-based XR system could bring users more immersive experience and aesthetic assessment preference, and perceived usefulness in design decision-making, communication, and spatial cognition. The gaze tracking result also revealed that the BIM-based XR system can implement the design process more efficient. It is expected that XR and BIM technologies can be effectively integrated to enhance the integrity of industrial applications and establish a new design collaboration mode for the AEC industry.
Architecture is considered one of the most significant human arts aims creativity in design. Therefore, it requires certain artistic skills and certain knowledge and perception from students. Architects are expected to have graphical communication skills enable them to translate their thoughts and ideas to sketching, drawing, model making, coloring, and rendering. The staff of first stage noticed the inadequate level of knowledge and shortfall in students’ abilities throughout years of education. Therefore, this paper aims to explore artistic abilities and creativity perceptions for the enrolled architectural engineering students. The research focuses on the first-grade students in Architectural Engineering Departments of University of Mosul. Mixed approaches were adopted for data collection including two surveys and ten in-depth interviews with the students after one month from their enrollment in university. The survey includes 68 questions serve four main axes, particularly, explores personal characteristics and abilities, traces students’ knowledge, investigates students’ artistic abilities and creativity perceptions, and tackles the role of school in developing artistic abilities and creativity for students. Findings reveal lack of student’s experience in artistic skills including sketching, drawing, or coloring, basic knowing about international or local architecture. This low qualification refers to underestimate art subject and lack of basic knowledge of architecture gained during students’ secondary education.
Küresel dünyanın yeni metası olan "bilgi"nin dijital forma kavuşarak geçirdiği değişim ve evrim, bilimi değerli bir "meta" haline getirmiştir. Bilimin ve “Açık Erişim”in bilgi ölçeğinden bilim insanlarına ve araştırmacılara aktarılmasının, paylaşılmasının ve katma değere dönüştürülmesinin önemi giderek artmaktadır. Küresel dünyada günümüz bilgileri basılı kaynaklardan ortaya çıkmış ve dijital forma dönüşmüştür. Bu dönüşümde insan uygarlığının yarattığı “Bilişim Teknolojileri (BT)” ve küresel ağ “İnternet” belirleyici olmuştur.
ABSTRACT During the recent global crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, many people are voluntarily or compulsorily required to stay at home and even work from home for several long and laborious periods. This is likely to happen in the future. Hence, a concern about the quality of living places has arisen, particularly in semi-open spaces, drawing more attention from users. This paper aims to measure the role, function, and influence of the balcony as a semi-open space in apartment living during the lockdown, by considering contributing factors in the function of balconies, including size, view, orientation, safety, and proximity together with residents’ preferences about balconies in two case studies with distinct approaches to balcony design. To achieve this aim, a questionnaire survey has been conducted and 322 residents in Tavus Tower and Mehr Housing Project located in Bandar-Anzali, Iran, participated. Based on collected data, the behavioural and functional performance of balconies and residents’ preferences were analysed by the IBM SPSS Statistics program. Results revealed that a high percentage of dwellers asserted the importance of having a decent balcony in an apartment and its far-reaching impact on boosting mental health and tolerating the prolonged pandemic. Also, the higher ratio of the area of a balcony to the floor area of an apartment, nature view from balcony, close proximity to the living room, and a higher sense of safety from balcony’s components can be regarded by architects to enhance the time of using balconies and the satisfaction of apartment users in Iran.
Abstract Sustainable Development Goals have become a key factor in the design in the twenty-first century. The relationship between the architectural and structural systems is becoming a matter of relevance for sustainable design. The search for minimum material consumption can be seen by drawing inspiration from the solutions found in Nature. The high efficiency of natural forms, has become a contribution to research on tree-like structures. The purpose of the research was to identify the main aspects of arboreal supporting structures shaping and optimization at the early state of design. The methodology is to optimize the geometry of dendriforms, based on optimizing the shape of the bending moment diagram and adjusting it to the shape of the final bar structure. The primary conclusion of the studies indicates that the structural and architectural optimization, implemented in an early stage of designing might significantly improve material consumption without substantial changes in architectural appearance.
Abstract This paper aims to evaluate educators' and students’ preferences for either computer-aided design (CAD) or traditional hand drafting in working drawings coursework (assignments, term projects and exams). (1) Background: Working drawings are considered an advanced level of technical drawings for the architecture discipline. (2) Material and Methods: A pilot study with three focus groups was conducted in the architecture department of a governmental male university in Saudi Arabia. According to the notes collected from the previous literature review and pilot study, a questionnaire was designed. This questionnaire was given to 21 educators and 59 students. (3) Results: Educators' and students' results were almost the same, showing a preference for using the CAD method compared to the hand drafting method in achieving the working drawing characteristics of accuracy, neatness, pen assignment adjustments, material presentation, ease of modification, saving the drawing for later review, and overall quality. CAD is also preferred due to saving exam time and its cost efficiency. However, the respondents confirmed the negative impact of CAD copy commands from previous projects on the understanding of working drawings and their preference to use the hand drafting drawing method for drawing notes on site visits. (4) Conclusions: The working drawings coursework should combine the CAD & hand drafting methods to utilize the advantages of both in order to improve the course learning outcome.
. The task of architectural image recognition for both architectural functionality and style remains an open challenge. In addition, the paucity of well-organized, large-scale architectural image datasets with specific consideration for the domain of architectural design research has hindered the exploration of these challenging tasks. Drawing upon images from the professional architectural website Archdaily®, and leveraging state-of-the-art deep-learning-based classification models, we explore a hierarchical multi-label classification model as a potential baseline for the task of architectural image classification. The resulting model showcases the potential for innovative architectural discipline-related analyses and demonstrates some heuristic insights for visual feature extraction pertaining to both architectural functionality and architectural style
Abstract Buildings could play a critical role in energy and food production while making high-density cities more resilient. Productive facades (PFs), as flexible and multi-functional systems integrating photovoltaic (PV) and vertical farming (VF) systems, could contribute to transforming buildings and communities from consumers to producers. This study analyses the architectural quality of the developed PF concept drawing on the findings of a web-survey conducted among experts – building professionals in Singapore. The developed design variants are compared with regards to key design aspects such as facade aesthetics, view from the inside, materialisation, ease of operation, functionality and overall architectural quality. The study also compares and discusses the results of the web-survey with the results of a previously conducted door-to-door survey among the potential users – residents of the Housing & Development Board (HDB) blocks. The findings confirm an overall acceptance of the PF concept and reveal a need for synergetic collaboration between architects/designers and other building professionals. Based on the defined PF design framework and the results of the two surveys, a series of recommendations and improved PF prototypes are proposed for further assessment and implementation in order to foster their scalability from buildings into communities and cities.
<p>In the western Mediterranean area, castles and fortresses constitute a type of architectural heritage of great value. They are representative of the medieval period, generally with the superimposed work of different phases, and a later moment of abandonment and ruin. The interpretation of their characteristics requires an adequate study from different points of view. Within the dissemination strategies of cultural heritage, the objective is to promote the knowledge of a special type of architectural heritage, through an interactive virtual reality application, which enables the interpretation of historical architecture and its territorial context. This research presents Immersive Virtual Reality as a visualisation and interactive technology which introduces an innovative development in the field of Cultural Heritage. The interactive experience is depicted as a potential user centred dissemination and knowledge tool, ideal for responding to new learning styles. The proposal communicates an application based on the WebXR standard, which allows accessibility from a maximum amount of devices. It consists of a virtual visit to the fortresses. Its main interactions are grouped into two parts; on the one hand, the free route and the pre-established routes that enable us to understand it in its entirety, identifying the points of special interest, both landscape and architectural, and on the other, all the additional information which is to be included at different stages.</p><p>DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.27.2021.19</p>
Laura Succini, Margherita Ascari, Elena Formia
et al.
Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) is considered at EU level as a cross-cutting priority to encourage societal actors to work together during the whole research and innovation process, aligning results and outcomes with the values, needs and expectations of society. In order to investigate the relation between Design Cultures and the multi-level perspective of RRI principles, the Advanced Design Unit of the University of Bologna has launched the 2020-2021 Winter School “Design for Responsible Innovation” working on multiple ecosystems (Italy, Mexico and Chile) with their own territorial capital. The Winter School represented a first experimentation of a methodological approach that was gradually co-designed among the research groups involved, in order to work on an inclusive and non-hegemonic knowledge system. The relationship between the RRI dimension and the design disciplines has led to the creation of an iterative framework, in which the methodological approach has allowed to identify actions and tools to investigate and test how the processes and practices of Design, integrated with the RRI approach, could help to activate dynamic processes within social actors at transnational scale, and can facilitate the design of product-systems able to contribute to the big challenges of the present. The description of two experiences about Gender Equality topic, led the discussion about current educational design model that moves from local to the international dimension. The mutual exchange among teachers, young designers, and institutions creates new learning opportunities beyond territorial borders, introducing the Responsible Thinking and Education as a key to train future designers, able to take a role in mixed groups of interest and power
Drawing. Design. Illustration, Architectural drawing and design
This paper joins the growing body of work in postcolonial computing in HCI, and critically examines the impacts of online social media on the urban architecture in the Global South. Based on our nine-month long ethnography at eight residential areas in Dhaka, Bangladesh, this paper reports how online fame drives local users to produce digital images of their houses mimicking various Western standards, which in turn, brings changes to the organization, aesthetics, and functions of domestic spaces. This paper also describes how such digital image mediated transformations to local architecture are diminishing traditional spaces, altering their usual functions, and limiting the movement of many women inside their home. Drawing from a rich body of literature in postcolonialism, critical image theory, architecture, and Islamic feminism, we explain how these practices demonstrate a subaltern experience of using social media in the Global South. We further discuss design implications to both HCI and architecture to address these issues, and connect our findings to the broader agendas of HCI around social justice and global development.
Hand drawing is an indispensable professional skill in the fields of environmental design, industrial design, architectural engineering, civil engineering, and other engineering design education. Students usually imitate masterpieces to practice basic skills, which is an important link for a beginner. A system for digital management requires a function for an automatic recommendation task of different brushwork skill expressions. Thus, the classification method for brushwork is to combine hand-crafted features generated by DCNN and then use the final features for input to a tree structure classification scheme. The method improvement of the other deep learning models has effectiveness in distinguishing art ontology attributes.
Machine learning, especially the GAN (Generative Adversarial Network) model, has been developed tremendously in recent years. Since the NVIDIA Machine Learning group presented the StyleGAN in December 2018, it has become a new way for designers to make machines learn different or similar types of architectural photos, drawings, and renderings, then generate (a) similar fake images, (b) style-mixing images, and (c) truncation trick images. The author both collected and created input image data, and specially made architectural plan and section drawing inputs with a clear design purpose, then applied StyleGAN to train specific networks on these datasets. With the training process, we could look into the deep relationship between these input architectural plans or sections, then generate serialized transformation images (truncation trick images) to form the 3D (three-dimensional) model with a decent resolution (up to 1024 × 1024 × 1024 pixels). Though the results of the 3D model generation are difficult to use directly in 3D spatial modeling, these unexpected 3D forms still could inspire new design methods and greater possibilities of architectural plan and section design.