Aparna Mariyam Thomas, Guilherme G. Verocai, John Soghigian
et al.
The caribou (Rangifer tarandus sspp.) is a keystone wildlife species in northern ecosystems that plays a central role in the culture, spirituality and food security of Indigenous People. The Arctic is currently experiencing an unprecedented rate of climate change, including warming temperatures and altered patterns of precipitation. These environmental changes can facilitate the transmission of arthropod-borne parasites, such as filarioid nematodes.Filarioids are an important cause of morbidity and occasional mortality in Rangifer in Fennoscandia, however, much of the ecology and epidemiology of these parasites in caribou in North America, including Canada, remains unknown. We aimed to determine the parasitic diversity and geographic distribution of filarioid nematodes in three Canadian designatable units (DU) of caribou (barren-ground, boreal and Dolphin & Union) from Northwest Territories, Nunavut and Newfoundland & Labrador. Genomic DNA extracted from 768 blood samples was screened for filarioid nematodes using real-time PCR. The positive samples were Sanger sequenced to identify the parasite present. Based on the sequencing results, we identified Setaria yehi and Onchocerca cervipedis s.l. We then standardized a TaqMan probe based duplex droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) protocol for the simultaneous detection of S. yehi and O. cervipedis s.l. Based on real-time PCR results, 8/768 samples were positive. Setaria yehi and O. cervipedis s.l. were present in 4 separate samples (0.5%) each. Using ddPCR, 68/192 samples were positive (35.4%). Setaria yehi DNA was detected in 57/192 positive samples (29.7%), O. cervipedis s.l. DNA was present in 22/192 samples (11.5%) and 11/192 samples (5.7%) had co-infections. Setaria yehi was detected in all three DUs tested. Onchocerca cervipedis s.l. were found in barren-ground and boreal caribou, but not from the Dolphin and Union caribou.Through this broad-based survey and through developing and implementing advanced molecular methodologies, we have documented the apparent distribution and diversity of S. yehi and O. cervipedis s.l. in parts of three Canadian DUs of caribou. The knowledge gained from this study provides baseline data and methodology for the further elucidation of the epidemiology of these parasites in North America.
Погребальный обряд является одним из важнейших маркеров, позволяющих наиболее точно и достоверно охарактеризовать особенности мировоззрения представителей древних сообществ. В статье предпринята попытка выявить специфику погребального обряда прибрежных культур южноамериканского континента – пайхан (12800–9600 л.н.) и лас-вегас (10800–6600 л.н.), а также очертить возможные перспективы его изучения. Автор дает характеристику современного подхода к изучению погребений: для работы с костными останками активно привлекаются специалисты в области антропологии, генетики, проводятся исследования для определения характера повреждения костей, идентификации по гендерному признаку, диагностики патологий и т.д.
Luigi Vessella, Antonio Laurìa, Gianluca Belli
et al.
The research presented here represents an 'experiment' in the application of the methodology of the Accessibility Plan to the monumental complex of the Opera di Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence. The goal of the research is to attempt to increase the degree of accessibility of the complex through an innovative medium and long-term strategic planning tool that takes into consideration not only tangible aspects (physical and sensory accessibility) but also intangible aspects, thus enabling people to fully visit and understand the cultural significance of the locations, with a focus on the experiential aspect of the visit. In other words, the ultimate objective of the research presented here is to identify ways to enhance the usability and accessibility conditions of the spaces within the monumental complex of the Opera di Santa Maria del Fiore, harmonizing the requirements of heritage preservation with those of accessibility.
In this paper, a ceramic complex (groups III and IV) of the early Neolithic settlement of Mergen 6 (Lower Ishim River region, Western Siberia, 7th millennium BC) is examined. The aim of the work is to analyze the materials through the prism of contacts, connections and mixing of different cultural traditions in the early Neolithic period of the Trans-Urals and Western Siberia. The research is based on the elements of the historical-cultural and formal-classification approaches. The source base comprises 284 vessels. As the result of the analysis carried out in several stages (morphology of the vessels, tools and techniques for applying ornamentation, structural components of the decor, the nature of the systematic organization of the ornamental components, and relationship between the image components and structure of the vessel’s shape), it was found that the products of group III correspond to the tradition of making vessels with relief bands of the taiga zone of Western Siberia and the Urals (Satyginsky, Mulymyinsky types, etc.), whereas those of group IV demonstrate a mixture of all pottery traditions identified within the complex. On this basis, the main directions of the sociocultural ties of the ancient population of the Lower Ishim region in the early Neolithic period have been determined — western (the Middle and Southern Trans-Urals), north-western (the taiga zone of Western Siberia and the southern Northern Trans-Urals), and, probably, southern (the steppes of modern Northern Kazakhstan). One of the most important factors of the variability of the early Neolithic pottery has been identified — the interaction and mixing of different communities. All this allows speaking about the settlement of Mergen 6 as a center (cultural, economic, sacred (?)) at the intersection of landscape and geographical zones (steppe — forest, Trans-Urals — Western Siberia) and ways of dispersal
of various groups of the ancient population.
This article proposes a reflection based on a French case study, concerning more precisely the region of La Rochelle, on the border dynamics inherent to the phenomenon of balnearization. As a process involving several spatial and corporeal scales, balnearization creates, suppresses and recreates new spaces. In this perspective, the border plays the privileged role of a place of permanent redefinition of contemporary urban identities. The study of such a phenomenon approaches four main scales of analysis: the balnearisation device as a frontier within an urbanized space (urban scale); the balnearisation as an urbanized frontier within a space considered to be natural or virgin (regional scale); balnearisation practices as producers of cultural frontiers, inducing new uses and behaviours; and finally, the body as frontier.
Lloyd A Courtenay, Darío Herranz-Rodrigo, Rosa Huguet
et al.
Modern day investigation in fields of archaeology and palaeontology can be greatly characterised by an exponential growth of integrated new technologies, nevertheless, while these advances are of great significance to multiple lines of research, their evaluation and update over time is equally as important. Here we present an application of inter and intra-observer analysis in taphonomy based geometric morphometrics, employing robust non-parametric statistical analyses for the study of experimental carnivore tooth pit morphologies. To fully understand the influence of measurement errors in the collection of this data, our statistical assessment was performed on fully superimposed, partially superimposed and raw landmark coordinates collected from 3D surface scanning. Experimental samples used to assess these errors includes wolf and dog tooth pits used in modern day ecological livestock predation analysis. Results obtained from this study highlight the importance of landmark type in the assessment of error, emphasising the value of semi-landmark models over the use of ambiguous Type III landmarks. In addition to this, data also reveals the importance of observer experience for the collection of data alongside an interesting increase in error when working with fully superimposed landmarks due to the "Pinocchio Effect". Through this study we are able to redefine the geometric morphometric models used for tooth pit morphological analyses. This final hybrid Type II fixed landmark and semi-landmark model presents a significant reduction in human induced error, generating a more metrically reliable and replicable method that can be used for data pooling in future inter-institutional research. These results can be considered a fundamental step forward for carnivore inspired studies, having an impact on archaeological, palaeontological, modern-day ecological research as well as applications in other forensic sciences.
n the present dissertation we study the Neolithic ceramic decorative style from the Vinalopó’s Valley and from the Early Neolithic chronology, based on a sample of six ceramic vases – from Cueva Santa, Arenal de la Virgen, Ledua, Alcudia and Cova de les Aranyes –. The study consists of a ceramic stylistic analysis which attempts to define their decorative style. It has also been compared with the ceramic productions of the first Neolithic communities of the Serpis valley in order to question the existence or absence of a social barrier between these two areas.
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En el presente trabajo se aborda el estudio de seis vasos procedentes de yacimientos del valle del Vinalopó –Cueva Santa, Arenal de la Virgen, Ledua, La Alcudia y Cova de les Aranyes–, cronológicamente vinculados al Neolítico inicial. El estudio consiste en un análisis estilístico de los recipientes con el fin de definir su estilo decorativo. Se desarrolla también su comparación con las producciones cerámicas de las primeras comunidades neolíticas del valle del Serpis para así plantear la existencia o no de una barrera social entre estos dos espacios.
Special aspects of education, History (General) and history of Europe
Příspěvek interpretuje výsledky petroarcheologických analýz analogických nálezů středověkých komorových kachlů z brněnského hradního i městského prostoru, městišť v Boskovicích a Pohořelicích a z boleradického hradu v historickém kontextu kamnářské výroby a distribuce finálních výrobků.
Este artigo tratará de uma reflexão sobre a consolidação do conceito de Preservação Arqueológica nas Missões Jesuítico-Guaranis, localizadas no sul do Brasil. A análise concentrar-se-á, particularmente, no período final dos anos 1970, quando foi executado o trabalho de escavação no sítio arqueológico de São Nicolau no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Este artigo faz parte do projeto de Pós-Doutorado que venho desenvolvendo no Laboratório de Arqueologia Paulo Duarte (LAP/UNICAMP) financiado pela Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP).
Ricardo Fernando Moyano Vasconcellos, Martín Gustavo Díaz
Se presentan los aspectos sociales vinculados al concepto de frontera, el ushnu y la observación lunar en el sitio inca de La Ciudacita, provincia de Tucumán, noroeste de Argentina. El análisis se centra en la posibilidad de observar el lunisticio o parada mayor al sur, en relación a conceptos como la latitud geográfica, la arquitectura y los marcadores de horizonte desde la perspectiva de la astronomía cultural. Como hipótesis se presenta al ushnu como la representación lunar del cenit al sur del trópico de Capricornio, subrayando la utilidad de este rasgo arquitectónico para el seguimiento y predicción de eclipses. Los resultados señalan una estrecha relación entre el ushnu, el gnomon y la observación de las fases lunares, posiblemente vinculada con las relaciones de poder y la expansión del Tawantinsuyu cerca del año 1470 DC.
Abstract
We present social aspects related to the concepts of border, ushnu and lunar observation at the inca site of La Ciudacita, Tucuman province, northwestern Argentina. The analysis focused on the possibility of observing the lunistice or major lunar standstill, in relation to concepts of geographical latitude, architecture and horizon landmarks from the perspective of cultural astronomy. Our hypothesis is that the ushnu serves as a representation of the Moon at the zenith, south of the Tropic of Capricorn, highlighting its utility for following and predicting eclipses. Results show that the relationship between the ushnu and gnomon in observing the Moon’s phases was possibly linked to relations of power and the expansion of Tawantinsuyu, circa 1470 AD.
The intention of this paper is to analyze the social debt contracted by women in southeastern Ciudad Juarez (Mexico), within the theoretical framework of feminist economic anthropology based on ethnographic data collected there during 2012 at a Nutrition Club where Herbalife is served. Affections, prestige and honor all circulate as women care for themselves, as material, symbolic, emotional and corporal exchanges take place, thus initiating specific forms of sociality and new relationships. Gifts, as a system of reciprocities, generate and sustain bonds of trust; debt itself can become ambivalent, like the femininity of these women, which is questioned and reconstructed amid of oppressive contexts.
Poprvé na tento fenomén upozornil J. L. Píč v roce 1904 po nálezu dvou tauzií zdobených seker u Palackého mostu v Praze-Podskalí. Podle žlutého plátování jedné z nich se soudilo na pozlacené exempláře doby hradištní. B. Novotný v roce 1956 dospěl uměleckohistorickým rozborem ornamentu a chemickou analýzou materiálu plechového plátu k jiným závěrům: jde o mosazí provedený raně renesanční motiv na vybíjením zdrsněném podkladu; mladšímu časovému zařazení vyhovuje i specializovaný tvar seker s delším krkem, užívaný k sekání ledu na venkově ještě dodnes. Další nálezy zdobených seker (ve sbírkách Muzea hlavního města Prahy, Městského muzea v Nymburku a Muzea v Poděbradech) už nesou pouze vybíjený ornament a jejich tvar není jednotný (univerzální sekera, bradatice, širočina s obuchem a prodlouženou tulejí). Taková širočina s ornamentem paprsčitých rýh a kytiček pochází z Křenovic a je uložena ve sbírkách Moravského zemského muzea, stejně jako značně opotřebovaná (snad bojová) sekera od Loděnic (zdobená vybíjenou klikatkou s kolečky), která však zřejmě dobu slavné bitvy roku 1185 nezažila. Účel vybíjení na sekerách je později pouze dekorativní (snad s křesťanskou symbolikou) a není vhodnou datovací pomůckou; podobné zdobení často nesou středověká i novověká zemědělská nářadí, například motyka klučovnice (ze zaniklé vsi Konůvky, Archeologický ústav Moravského zemského muzea) či krojidlo (ze sbírky Etnografického ústavu Moravského zemského muzea).