Hasil untuk "Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling"

C. Boyd, Aaron A. McNevin, Robert P. Davis

The contribution of aquatic animal protein to the global, animal-source protein supply and the relative importance of aquaculture to capture fisheries in supplying this protein is relevant in assessments and decisions related to the future of aquatic food production and its security. Meat of terrestrial animals, milk, and eggs resulted in 76,966 Kt crude protein compared with 13,950 Kt or 15.3% from aquatic animals in 2018.While aquaculture produced a greater tonnage of aquatic animals, capture fisheries resulted in 7,135 Kt crude protein while aquaculture yielded 6,815 Kt. Capture fisheries production has not increased in the past two decades, and aquaculture production must increase to assure the growing demand for fisheries products by a larger and more affluent population. We estimated based on status quo consumption, that aquaculture production would need to increase from 82,087 Kt in 2018 to 129,000 Kt by 2050 to meet the demand of the greater population. About two-thirds of finfish and crustacean production by aquaculture is feed-based, and feeds for these species include fishmeal and fish oil as ingredients. Aquaculture feeds require a major portion of the global supply of fishmeal and fish oil. An estimated 71.0% of fishmeal and 73.9% of fish oil are made from the catch with the rest coming from aquatic animal processing waste. The catch of small, pelagic fish from the ocean is not predicted to increase in the future. Aquaculture should reduce its fishmeal and oil use to lessen its dependency on small wild fish important to the integrity of marine food webs and food security for the poor in many coastal areas. Fishmeal and fish oil shortages for use in aquaculture feed will result in a limit on production in the future if goals to lessen their use in feeds are not met.

Daniel Schar, Cheng Zhao, Yu Wang et al.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing threat to human and animal health. However, in aquatic animals—the fastest growing food animal sector globally—AMR trends are seldom documented, particularly in Asia, which contributes two-thirds of global food fish production. Here, we present a systematic review and meta-analysis of 749 point prevalence surveys reporting antibiotic-resistant bacteria from aquatic food animals in Asia, extracted from 343 articles published in 2000–2019. We find concerning levels of resistance to medically important antimicrobials in foodborne pathogens. In aquaculture, the percentage of antimicrobial compounds per survey with resistance exceeding 50% (P50) plateaued at 33% [95% confidence interval (CI) 28 to 37%] between 2000 and 2018. In fisheries, P50 decreased from 52% [95% CI 39 to 65%] to 22% [95% CI 14 to 30%]. We map AMR at 10-kilometer resolution, finding resistance hotspots along Asia’s major river systems and coastal waters of China and India. Regions benefitting most from future surveillance efforts are eastern China and India. Scaling up surveillance to strengthen epidemiological evidence on AMR and inform aquaculture and fisheries interventions is needed to mitigate the impact of AMR globally. Trends in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in aquatic food animals are seldom documented, particularly in Asia. Here, Schar et al. review 749 point prevalence surveys, describing AMR trends in Asian aquaculture and fisheries over two decades, and identifying resistance hotspots as well as regions that would benefit most from future surveillance efforts.

K. Ouko, Cherine Lando Yugi, Modock Odiwuor Oketch et al.

Small‐scale fisheries and aquaculture constitute critical pillars of food security, livelihoods, and rural economies across East Africa, yet persistent gendered inequalities continue to constrain both equity and sectoral performance. This study provides a synthesis of empirical evidence from Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania to examine how structural, institutional, and socio‐cultural processes reproduce gender disparities across fisheries and aquaculture value chains. Drawing on a narrative review of peer reviewed and grey literature published between 2015 and 2025, the analysis applies the Harvard Analytical Framework (HAF) to interrogate four interrelated dimensions: Division of labour, access to and control over productive resources, influencing institutional and normative factors, and gender integration within project cycles. The findings indicate that gender inequalities are most pronounced in asset ownership, decision making authority, and benefit distribution rather than participation alone. Women remain concentrated in labour intensive and lower value post‐harvest activities, while men dominate harvesting, aquaculture production, licensing systems, and leadership positions within co management institutions. Across the three countries, men retain control over the majority of productive assets, including boats, fishing gear, land, and aquaculture infrastructure, while women's access to credit, extension services, and modern technologies remains constrained. These disparities are reinforced by inheritance regimes, gender norms, and male dominated governance structures that shape access to resources and control over income. Development interventions frequently expand women's participation without addressing underlying structural constraints, thereby contributing to the reproduction of institutional inequalities. By linking structural analysis to policy relevant pathways, the study argues that inclusive blue economy development requires tenure reform, gender responsive financing mechanisms, institutional restructuring, and sustained normative change. The review positions gender equity as a governance and productivity imperative and provides an evidence based foundation for advancing resilient and inclusive fisheries and aquaculture systems in East Africa.

C. Aura, Hezron Awandu, S. Musa et al.

Climate variability and environmental stressors increasingly undermine the productivity and stability of fisheries and aquaculture systems across regions. Although technologies, such as recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), integrated aquaculture–agriculture (IAA), Biofloc systems and solar powered hatcheries, have been promoted as climate smart solutions, limited evidence exists on their assessment approaches and comparative performance across the core dimensions of climate smart technologies (CSTs). This limits evidence‐based investment and policy formulation for sustainable blue economy growth. This study developed and applied an integrated framework for assessing CSTs, drawing from global models and regional policy instruments. A climate smart technology index (CSTI) was formulated, integrating four weighted performance pillars: productivity (30%), resilience/adaptation (35%), mitigation/environmental performance (20%) and socio economic inclusivity (15%). Further case studies for climate smart assessment using primary and secondary data and environmental parameters were analysed using multi criteria scoring and normalization to generate comparative indices for climate smart representative technologies. The results showed that RAS recorded the highest composite CSTI score (0.76), followed by Biofloc systems (0.73), IAA (0.71), solar powered hatcheries (0.72) and cage culture (0.67). Productivity indices ranged from 0.65 to 0.85; whereas resilience from 0.58 to 0.82, and mitigation and inclusivity from 0.61 to 0.83 and 0.42 to 0.76, respectively. The analysis revealed a clear productivity–inclusivity trade off, emphasizing the need for balanced climate smart approaches that combine efficiency, resilience and equity. The study concludes that the CSTI framework developed herein is a robust, adaptable tool for evaluating and guiding CSTs in Afrotropical systems as it bridges technical, environmental and social dimensions of sustainability. The CSTI approach could be integrated in national and regional monitoring systems, promoting hybrid and renewable powered technologies and strengthening capacity development and financing mechanisms to accelerate the transition toward resilient, inclusive and low carbon aquaculture.

Roberto González-Garoz, Almudena Cabezas, Elisabet González de Chávarri et al.

This study compared live chilling (LC) and dry electrical stunning at higher (HI: 400 mA for 0.5 s followed by 200 mA for 1.5 s) and lower (LI: 200 mA for 2 s) intensities in combination with live chilling in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), evaluating their impact on muscle damage, metabolism, and sensory attributes under winter and summer. Trout were stunned, slaughtered and samples were taken for biochemical markers, muscle pH, rigor mortis, texture, color and freshness analysis. Our results showed that stunning method and seasonal conditions significantly influenced product quality, with low-intensity electrical stunning being most effective under warmer conditions. Blood levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) were highest in LC and HI groups, indicating greater muscle damage, compared to LI. Osmolality was also elevated in HI, suggesting increased cell damage. Seasonality influenced muscle metabolism: summer results, compared with winter, showed lower glycogen reserves and reduced glycolytic enzyme activity (lower HK, PK, LDH activity), along with increased gluconeogenesis (higher FBP activity), and also altered oxidative stress, evidenced by up-regulated sod and gst gene expression and down-regulated gpx and cat expression in muscle. Muscle pH at 0 h post-mortem was lowest in LC, while rigor mortis developed faster in this group in summer. Texture analysis showed an interaction between stunning method and season, with slightly higher cohesiveness in LI group in summer. Seasonal effects on texture included lower hardness and springiness but higher adhesiveness in summer. Despite differences, no significant variations in color stability or freshness between stunning methods were observed.

I Wayan Sumardana Eka Putra, Agus Saleh Atmadipoera, Henry Munandar Manik et al.

Graphical Abstract Highlight Research • The IASL-1 entry portal in the southern and northern regions shows the emergent SOFAR channels. • The shadow zone and the existence of a SOFAR deep sound channel in the IASL-2 and IASL-3 routes can be triggered by the emergent “saddle” SVP pattern.  • The variability seasonally and interannually due to variations in seawater properties stratification plays an important role in SOFAR channel appearances in IASLs. • The diverse oceanographic characteristics of IASLs necessitate the implementation of sustainable marine geospatial data. Abstract Indonesian Maritime Continent (IMC) is responsible for the three international sea lanes, known as Indonesian Archipelago Sea Lanes (IASLs), which allowed ships to navigate across territorial waters between Pacific and Indian Oceans and vice versa. Gaining knowledge about the distinct oceanographic characteristics of the three IASLs can offer valuable insight into maritime safety and sustainable marine resource management. Therefore, this research aims to review oceanographic characteristics in IASLs regions from available previous research to provide a comprehensive insight into the processes and dynamical oceanography in IASLs region as well as determine the implications for underwater acoustic patterns. The results showed that IASL-1 route is characterized by a shallow shelf passage with homogeneous sound velocity profile (SVP), which has a deep and narrow entry portal in the southern and northern Sound Fixing and Ranging Channel (SOFAR) channels. Seasonal reversal monsoonal wind-driven current dominates the circulation. IASL-2 and IASL-3 routes transported a deep and narrow passage with complexity of seaair interactions that vary on seasonal and interannual time scales. These IASLs were established with the saddle SVP, which trigger the shadow zone and the existence of SOFAR deep sound channel with seasonal and interannual variations in seawater properties stratification. The diverse oceanographic characteristics discussed significantly influence the underwater object detection equipment, the planning time, and the strategies for underwater defense systems. Due to the implications, it is necessary to use marine geospatial database, which may be adopted to facilitate policy-making, providing approximations for marine activities and management along IASLs.

Guiyang SONG, Zhourui LIANG, Xiaoping LU et al.

The study aimed to investigate the optimal light and temperature conditions, and physiological and biochemical mechanisms for the growth of young sporophytes (3–4 cm) of "Huangguan No.2". We conducted corresponding studies on the growth and physiological and biochemical conditions of young sporophytes under different light intensities and temperatures, including the relative growth rate (RGR), fluorescence parameter of chlorophyll, contents of pigments/proteins, reactive oxygen, antioxidants, and activity of antioxidant enzymes. The results showed that RGR was significantly affected by light, temperature, and their interaction. The degree of influence from large to small is temperature, light intensity and their interaction. They exhibited the highest RGR at 10–13 ℃ and 60–90 μmol photons/(m2·s), whereas the RGR of the high temperature (16 ℃ and 19 ℃) group was highest at 30 μmol photons/(m2·s). At the same temperature, the chlorophyll-a and carotenoid contents of young sporophytes decreased with increasing light intensity. Additionally, the SOD activities and ascorbic acid (AsA) contents tended to increase. Under the same light intensity, compared to 10–13 ℃, the contents of soluble protein decreased in the high temperature group; whereas the contents of MDA and H2O2 significantly increased. Additionally, the SOD, GSH-Px, and APX activities and antioxidant (AsA and carotenoids) contents were all higher. The maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem Ⅱ (Fv/Fm) was significantly lower in the high temperature and high light [(120 μmol photons/(m2·s)] groups, indicating that the light energy conversion efficiency of the alga was reduced under high temperature and high light stress. In the high light group, the quantum yield of regulated non-photochemical energy loss in photosystem Ⅱ [Y(NPQ)] increased significantly and the initial slope (α) of the fast light curve decreased significantly. This suggests that the photoprotective system of young sporophytes of "Huangguan No.2" responded positively to the high light stress and reduced the absorption of light energy by lowering the efficiency of light energy utilization to reduce the photodamage. The activities of key antioxidant enzymes and the antioxidant contents in the high light and high temperature groups were significantly higher, indicating that the antioxidant systems of young sporophytes responded positively to high light and high temperature stresses to minimize the damage caused by reactive oxygen species. Under low light [10 μmol photons/(m2·s)] group, Fv/Fm, α, actual quantum yield of photosystem Ⅱ [Y(Ⅱ)], the chlorophyll-a contents significantly increased. This indicates that the light energy conversion efficiency and light energy utilization efficiency significantly increased in the low light environment, which led to an increase in the absorption of light energy. These results on the physiological and ecological adaptations of young sporophytes under the conditions of temperature and light intensity can provide a theoretical basis for further optimizing the light and temperature parameters of young sporophytes of "Huangguan No.2" during intermediate culture of young sporelings.

L. Bayon, P. Fortuny Ayuso, P. J. Garcia-Nieto et al.

In this paper, we analyze the dynamics of a multi-species fisheries system in the presence of harvesting. We solve the problem of finding the optimal harvesting strategy for a mid-term horizon with a fixed final stock of each species, while maximizing the expected present value of total revenues. The problem is formulated as an optimal control problem. For its solution, we combine techniques derived from Pontryagin's Maximum Principle, cyclic coordinate descent and the shooting method. The algorithm we develop can solve problems both with inter-species competition and with predator-prey behaviors. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the different possibilities of the method and a study of the dependence of the behavior on some parameters is performed.

Meng Cui, Xianghu Yue, Xinyuan Qian et al.

Fish Feeding Intensity Assessment (FFIA) is crucial in industrial aquaculture management. Recent multi-modal approaches have shown promise in improving FFIA robustness and efficiency. However, these methods face significant challenges when adapting to new fish species or environments due to catastrophic forgetting and the lack of suitable datasets. To address these limitations, we first introduce AV-CIL-FFIA, a new dataset comprising 81,932 labelled audio-visual clips capturing feeding intensities across six different fish species in real aquaculture environments. Then, we pioneer audio-visual class incremental learning (CIL) for FFIA and demonstrate through benchmarking on AV-CIL-FFIA that it significantly outperforms single-modality methods. Existing CIL methods rely heavily on historical data. Exemplar-based approaches store raw samples, creating storage challenges, while exemplar-free methods avoid data storage but struggle to distinguish subtle feeding intensity variations across different fish species. To overcome these limitations, we introduce HAIL-FFIA, a novel audio-visual class-incremental learning framework that bridges this gap with a prototype-based approach that achieves exemplar-free efficiency while preserving essential knowledge through compact feature representations. Specifically, HAIL-FFIA employs hierarchical representation learning with a dual-path knowledge preservation mechanism that separates general intensity knowledge from fish-specific characteristics. Additionally, it features a dynamic modality balancing system that adaptively adjusts the importance of audio versus visual information based on feeding behaviour stages. Experimental results show that HAIL-FFIA is superior to SOTA methods on AV-CIL-FFIA, achieving higher accuracy with lower storage needs while effectively mitigating catastrophic forgetting in incremental fish species learning.

A. Challen Hyman, Chloe Ramsay, Tiffanie A. Cross et al.

Effective management of recreational fisheries requires accurate forecasting of future harvests and real-time monitoring of ongoing harvests. Traditional methods that rely on historical catch data to predict short-term harvests can be unreliable, particularly if changes in management regulations alter angler behavior. In contrast, statistical modeling approaches can provide faster, more flexible, and potentially more accurate predictions, enhancing management outcomes. In this study, we developed and tested models to improve predictions of Gulf of Mexico gag harvests for both pre-season planning and in-season monitoring. Our best-fitting model outperformed traditional methods (i.e., estimates derived from historical average harvest) for both cumulative pre-season projections and in-season monitoring. Notably, our modeling framework appeared to be more accurate in more recent, shorter seasons due to its ability to account for effort compression. A key advantage of our framework is its ability to explicitly quantify the probability of exceeding harvest quotas for any given season duration. This feature enables managers to evaluate trade-offs between season duration and conservation goals. This is especially critical for vulnerable, highly targeted stocks. Our findings also underscore the value of statistical models to complement and advance traditional fisheries management approaches.

R. Abisha, K. K. Krishnani, K. Sukhdhane et al.

Climate change is an inevitable event that obstructs the output of aquaculture farms and culture-based fisheries in open waters. It poses a serious threat to global food security, altering biodiversity, ecosystems, and global fish output by displacing fish stocks from their natural habitats. When compared to freshwater aquaculture, marine/coastal aquaculture is more affected. To combat the effects of climate change, several mitigation methods and adaptations are being implemented, emphasizing future demands of affordable protein. Selective breeding, species diversification, and aquaculture systems like integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, aquaponics, and recirculating aquaculture system are some of the most widely accepted and adapted solutions. Further research on intervention in seed and feed in terms of quality improvement, bioresource utilization, and technological and genetic improvement is required. Climate change policies from the government are also essential. The present study differs from previous reviews by portraying the various abiotic stress factors contributing to the drastic climate change, encompassing adaptation strategies followed in distinct aquaculture sources such as freshwater, inland saline water, brackish water, coastal waters, and culture-based capture fisheries with its future implications.

Shan-pei Gan, Wen-wen Huang, Xiao-jiang Mao et al.

The aim of this study was to explore the impacts of incorporating α-lipoic acid (LA) in a high-fat diet (HFD) on growth, lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in Lateolabrax maculatus. A normal-fat diet (NFD, 10 % lipid), a high-fat diet (HFD, 16 % lipid) and three LA-added HFD (200, 400, or 600 mg kg−1 LA) were prepared and fed to five group of L. maculatus for 57 days. Supplementation of 400 mg kg−1 LA to the HFD improved growth performance and feed utilization. LA treatment reduced the lipids concentration in serum and liver. Moreover, application of 400 mg kg−1 LA in HFD notably decreased the activity of transaminases in serum. Liver oil red O staining results revealed the larger area of red lipid droplets in HFD group compared to the NFD group. Also, abdominal fat HE staining results showed larger adipocytes in the HFD group. Interestingly, LA application led to a reduction in the area of red lipid droplets and a decrease in the size of adipocytes. Furthermore, LA addition alleviated the HFD-induced oxidative stress as identified by enhanced mitochondrial citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase activities. Meanwhile, LA administration induced the activation of mitochondrial biogenesis, and up-regulated the expression of autophagy-related genes. In conclusion, LA incorporation into HFD for L. maculatus promoted growth performance, enhanced liver mitochondrial function, and mitigated excessive fat accumulation in the liver.

Veličković Tijana, Snoj Aleš, Bravničar Jernej et al.

Artificial propagation and stocking of brown trout is a standard practice in recreational fishery management. In recent decades, the importance of maintaining intraspecific diversity and protecting locally adapted lineages has been recognized for the species' long-term survival. The first step in selecting donors for stocking involves distinguishing native trout from non-native and introgressed individuals. The established method for discerning Atlantic hatchery strains from the wild populations involves genetic screening of individual diagnostic SNPs and microsatellite assignment tests. This study, using Serbia's Panjica hatchery as an example, illustrates the proper conduct of routine genetic screening for identifying suitable donors for supportive stocking. The broodstock and reference populations were screened using mtDNA control region, LDH nuclear gene, and 12 microsatellite loci to assess the origin, diversity, and inbreeding levels. The analysis revealed only moderate contamination with Atlantic trout and showed the regional origin of the Danubian genes – over 50% of the broodstock was composed of non-introgressed Danubian individuals tracing their origin to the Zapadna Morava River system. Additionally, the study highlighted a considerable discordance between LDH locus and microsatellites in identifying introgressed individuals, raising concerns about the sole reliance on LDH locus for the identification of Atlantic genetic origin in nuclear DNA.

Seham A.H. Hassan, Zaki Z. Sharawy, Shabaan A. Hemeda et al.

The role of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) as a cheap carbohydrate (CHO) source was evaluated in L. vannamei larvae on the zootechnical indices and the countenance of growth, immune and antioxident genes in the liver and muscle tissues. The experiment includes two treatments, the control which feeds a commercial diet and the SCB treatment. It continued for 45 days in outside ponds in ternary (each supplied with six hundred shrimp larvae). The results revealed that both growth and survival rates of SCB treatment were significantly improved (P < 0.05) when versus to the basal. The hepatic (H) and muscular (M) genes expression increased considerably in the SCB treatment (P ≤ 0.05) versus control. The SCB treatment was the highest in all mRNA transcripts of studied immune-related genes. The expression of antioxidant genes superoxide destmutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in both H and M were increased significantly in SCB treatment relative to the control. Generally, the results highlight the importance of inclusion SCB in a zero water exchange system without an artificial diet ameliorates both zootechnical and immunity in L. vannamei.

Weizhen Liu, Jiayu Tan, Guangyu Lan et al.

Accurate phenotypic analysis in aquaculture breeding necessitates the quantification of subtle morphological phenotypes. Existing datasets suffer from limitations such as small scale, limited species coverage, and inadequate annotation of keypoints for measuring refined and complex morphological phenotypes of fish body parts. To address this gap, we introduce FishPhenoKey, a comprehensive dataset comprising 23,331 high-resolution images spanning six fish species. Notably, FishPhenoKey includes 22 phenotype-oriented annotations, enabling the capture of intricate morphological phenotypes. Motivated by the nuanced evaluation of these subtle morphologies, we also propose a new evaluation metric, Percentage of Measured Phenotype (PMP). It is designed to assess the accuracy of individual keypoint positions and is highly sensitive to the phenotypes measured using the corresponding keypoints. To enhance keypoint detection accuracy, we further propose a novel loss, Anatomically-Calibrated Regularization (ACR), that can be integrated into keypoint detection models, leveraging biological insights to refine keypoint localization. Our contributions set a new benchmark in fish phenotype analysis, addressing the challenges of precise morphological quantification and opening new avenues for research in sustainable aquaculture and genetic studies. Our dataset and code are available at https://github.com/WeizhenLiuBioinform/Fish-Phenotype-Detect.

Xiangyu Fan, Jiaxin Lia, Yingzhe Wang et al.

This study was groundbreaking in its application of neural network models for nitrate management in the Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS). A hybrid neural network model was proposed, which accurately predicted daily nitrate concentration and its trends using six water quality parameters. We conducted a 105-day aquaculture experiment, during which we collected 450 samples from five sets of RAS to train our model (C-L-A model) which incorporates Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and self-Attention. Furthermore, we obtained 90 samples from a standalone RAS as the testing data to evaluate the performance of the model in practical applications. The experimental results proved that the C-L-A model accurately predicted nitrate concentration in RAS and maintained good performance even with a reduced proportion of training data. We recommend using water quality parameters from the past 7 days to forecast future nitrate concentration, as this timeframe allows the model to achieve maximum generalization capability. Additionally, we compared the performance of the C-L-A model with three basic neural network models (CNN, LSTM, self-Attention) as well as three hybrid neural network models (CNN-LSTM, CNN-Attention, LSTM-Attention). The results demonstrated that the C-L-A model (R2=0.956) significantly outperformed the other neural network models (R2=0.901-0.927). Our study suggests that the utilization of neural network models, specifically the C-L-A model, could potentially assist the RAS industry in conserving resources for daily nitrate monitoring.

Christian-Oliver Ewald, Kevin Kamm

This paper explores the impact of stochastic mortality and disease on animal-based commodities, with a specific emphasis on aquaculture, particularly in the context of salmon farming. The investigation delves into the stochastic nature of mortality and treatment plans based on historical data related to salmon lice. Given that salmon lice pose a significant challenge in salmon farming, with associated treatment costs estimated to be comparable to feeding expenses, their removal is imperative to ensure the survival of the salmon and comply with the Norwegian government's stipulation of maintaining 0.5 lice per fish. We propose a new model that considers the relationship between hosts and parasites to estimate the number of treatments required and their overall cost. An important aspect of this model is its incorporation of stochastic effectiveness for each removal. After calibrating the model to the available data, the study examines the stochastic behavior's impact on the optimal harvesting decision in comparison to deterministic mortality models. The results indicate an approximate $1.5\,\%$ increase in the value of the salmon farm when employing the harvesting rule based on the stochastic host-parasite model as opposed to a deterministic model.

Etienne Joubert, Charlotte Sève, Stéphanie Mahévas et al.

Conservation measures are implemented to support biodiversity in areas that are degraded or under anthropogenic pressure. Over the past decade, numerous projects aimed at rehabilitating a fish nursery function in ports, through the installation of artificial structures, have emerged. While studies conducted on these solutions seem promising on a very local scale (e.g., higher densities of juvenile fish on artificial fish nurseries compared to bare port infrastructures), no evaluation has been undertaken yet to establish their contribution to the renewal of coastal fish populations or their performance compared to other conservation measures such as fishing regulation. Here, we used a coupled model of fish population dynamics and fisheries management, ISIS-fish, to describe the coastal commercial fish population, the white seabream (Diplodus sargus) in the highly artificialized Bay of Toulon. Using ISIS-Fish, we simulated rehabilitation and fisheries management scenarios. We provided the first quantitative assessment of the implementation of artificial structures in ports covering 10% and 100% of the available port area and compared, at population level and fishing fleets level, the quantitative consequences of these rehabilitation measures with fishing control measures leading to strict compliance with minimum catch sizes. The rehabilitation of the nursery function in ports demonstrated a potential to enhance the renewal of fish populations and catches. When the size of projects is small the outcomes they provide remain relatively modest in contrast to the impact of regulatory fishing measures. However, we have demonstrated that combining fishing reduction measures and rehabilitation projects has a synergistic effect on fish populations, resulting in increased populations and catches. This study is the first quantitative assessment of fish nursery rehabilitation projects in port areas, by evaluating their effectiveness in renewing coastal fish populations and fisheries and comparing their outcomes with fishing control measures. Small-scale port-area nursery rehabilitation projects can support fish populations, but are less effective than controlling fisheries.

Dimitris Voskakis, Martin Føre, Eirik Svendsen et al.

The aquaculture industry is constantly making efforts to improve fish welfare while maintaining the ethically sustainable farming practises. This work presents an enhanced tank environment designed for testing and developing novel combinations of technologies for analyzing and detecting behavioral responses in fish shoals/groups. Regular cameras are combined with event cameras and a scanning sonar to comprise a sensor suite that offers a more detailed and complex way of fish observation. The modified tank environment is designed to simulate the prevailing conditions on-site at cage based farms, particularly in terms of lighting conditions, while all tank systems and sensors are hidden behind specially designed enclosures, providing a "clean" environment (open arena) less likely to impact the fish behavior. The proposed sensor suite will be tested and demonstrated in the modified tank environment to benchmark its ability in monitoring fish, after which it will be adapted for use in a more industrially relevant situation with open cages.

Gyan Chandra, V. Saini, Shailesh Kumar et al.

Fish deformities are detrimental to aquaculture and conservation initiatives; it is also an ethical problem and causes substantial financial losses to the aquaculture industry. The exact mechanism of deformities is still a mystery. Several factors cause deformities in fish; it seems that the deformations are inevitable but can be minimised by adopting good aquaculture practices such as proper broodstock husbandry, standard breeding and larval rearing protocol, management of water quality parameters, and providing nutritionally balanced feed, especially to the broodstock and developing larvae. In addition, it can be minimised by early detection of deformities, especially at the embryonic and larval stages. Monitoring of stocking materials should be an essential part of responsible aquaculture and conservation programmes; stocking materials should be free from any types of deformities as it affects not only aquaculture production, profitability and success of conservation programmes but also the reoccurrence of deformities in nature. The mechanism behind deformities and the development of low‐cost, robust methods/tools for detecting deformities in fish remain a challenge. Still, the opportunity exists to develop a robust marker that can predict deformities even at early embryonic and larval stages.