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João Paulo Avelãs Nunes

Visa-se neste ensaio biográfico antes de mais propor uma síntese acerca do papel desempenhado pelo hoje Coronel Vasco Lourenço e por diversos outros líderes do MFA no conjunto de processos de transformação política e social global ocorridos em Portugal – e nos territórios não autónomos até então tutelados por Lisboa – de 1973 (nas vésperas do que veio a ser o Golpe Militar/a Revolução do 25 de Abril de 1974) a 1986, ano de integração de Portugal na CEE. Procura-se, ainda, analisar tanto as escolhas que Vasco Lourenço e muitos dos seus camaradas do MFA procuraram concretizar como as opções que foram recusando. Explicita-se alguma informação acerca do percurso pessoal, profissional e cívico de Vasco Lourenço de forma a contextualizar o seu envolvimento no processo que, em 1973, levou à criação do Movimento dos Capitães e, depois, à concretização do Golpe de Estado de 25 de Abril de 1974. Analisam-se as principais correntes político-ideológicas que se foram estruturando no seio do Movimento das Forças Armas e os corelacionamentos estabelecidos com outros protagonistas do processo revolucionário português (forças políticas e sindicais, Igreja e “acção católica”, Movimentos de Libertação de territórios não autónomos e representações diplomáticas). Identificam‑se as implicações das opções feitas por Vasco Lourenço e por outros membros do Grupo dos Nove.

Bernat Francesch Itxart

Ressenya com a treball de final de curs (2024-2025) de l'assignatura de màster Europa oriental i Euràsia (Intel·ligència, expansió i control, 1798-2025) del Departament d'Història Moderna i Contemporània, UAB

Jure Volčjak

The Ljubljana Archbishop Michael Leopold Freiherr von Brigido was acutely aware of the fact that he was managing a vast and demanding archdi-ocese and metropolis. From the appointment of Franz Philipp von Inzaghi to Gradisca d’Isonzo in 1788 until his installation at the end of April 1789, the western part of the new metropolis was without a residential bishop, which led the archbishop to his decision to act. For this short period, he appointed a metropolitan general vicar in spiritual matters who assumed bishop’s duties in the west of the metropolis. For this position, he appointed “a local” from Cor-mons, the Ljubljana cathedral canon Giovanni Antonio Ricci, who performed his work with distinction, for which he later received a commendation from none other than the Viennese court.The newly appointed general vicar embarked on his duties vigorously and in agreement with Bishop Inzaghi managed, in a very short time, to prepare the so-called Status dioecesis Goritiensis, i.e. a census of all 20 deaneries of the gen-eral vicarage in four parts, according to: 1. clergy, 2. parishes and local curacies, 3. parish and curacy churches, and 4. benefices. He received answers from 533 priests. At the ordinariate, the entire material was transcribed into 20 manu-script books, which are today kept in three boxes in the Archdiocesan Archives in Gorizia. In fact, there exists another box of “Ricci’s” material that is unbound; however, this material is not discussed or published in this monograph.Until today, the material has been known to only a handful of histori-ans; however, due to its valuable content it certainly deserves an independent publication and wider awareness. Hence, this publication strives to take a step forward in the research of the history of the Gorizia Archdiocese, Diocese of Gradisca d’Isonzo, and also of the Gorizia-Gradisca d’Isonzo Diocese, since the turbulent period of church history of this territory between 1784 and 1830 is poorly studied and deserves greater attention of researchers, not only historians.The material collected by General Vicar Ricci offers an insight into a se-ries of interesting facts. Some of the tables are filled in completely, others only include basic data. The first table, with 20 questions, pertained to clergy. Each cleric had to introduce himself with his name, surname, and function. He had to state his place of origin, titulus mensae, age, and the year he received his Rite of 888Acta Ecclesiastica Sloveniae 47Ordination, the place and type of studies, the period spent working in pastoral care, posts performed, and potential benefices held. Other questions touched upon his ability in elocution, reading of appropriate books, and consequently the knowledge, habits, intelligence, behaviour, physical strength, virtues, flaws, and deficiencies, the manner of acceptance with the believers, possible repri-mands, etc. At the end, everyone had to present his financial situation.The second table inquired about parishes and local chaplaincies and in-cluded 12 questions. The name of the parish or local chaplaincy and the name of the priest or local chaplain and their associates (chaplains or expositi) had to be written. This was followed by questions regarding monastic life in the parish: the number and types of monasteries and convents in the parish and names of priests or nuns together with their age. Other questions pertained to foundation masses, the parish patron and lawyer, villages and neighbourhoods, midwives, offences, schools, distance to individual villages, the position of the parish, and the number of believers.The third table, including 11 questions, was dedicated to churches. The name of the parish church, its patronage and consecration, individual altars, filial churches and expositurae, brotherhoods, oratories and Way of the Cross, indulgences and altar privileges, lawyers, church accounts, caretakers, sextons and their income, and the financial state of churches had to be given.The last table, with 10 questions, pertained to benefices. The name and place of the benefice had to be given together with its founder and time of foun-dation, the holder of the benefice, his duties and the type of the benefice, the patron and lawyer of the benefice, as well as its subordination to a priest, the benefice’s home, the type of schools, their financing and maintenance, and ben-efice’s income.Each and every one of these tables as well as every answer to the given questions are certainly very interesting for the history of the discussed period and territory. Every person interested in the history of this era or area can find some useful information in the published source. This, in its own right, achieves the purpose of the publication.

Ram Padmanabhan, Antoine Aspeel, Necmiye Ozay et al.

In this paper, we consider the problem of designing prefix-based optimal controllers for switched linear systems over finite horizons. This problem arises in fault-tolerant control, when system faults result in abrupt changes in dynamics. We consider a class of mode-prefix-based linear controllers that depend only on the history of the switching signal. The proposed optimal control problems seek to minimize both expected performance and worst-case performance over switching signals. We show that this problem can be reduced to a convex optimization problem. To this end, we synthesize one controller for each switching signal under a prefix constraint that ensures consistency between controllers. Then, system level synthesis is used to obtain a convex program in terms of the system-level parameters. In particular, it is shown that the prefix constraints are linear in terms of the system-level parameters. Finally, we apply this framework for optimal control of a fighter jet model suffering from system faults, illustrating how fault tolerance is ensured.

E. Hobsbawm

Salimon V.Yu.

The article deals with the views of the leader of the “centre-left” François-Denis Tronchet on the interference of the legislative and executive branches of power in the political system of revolutionary France and the place of the king in it. One of the important problems facing the deputies of the National Constituent Assembly was to change the form of government that existed under the Old Regime, in which all power was in the same hands. The position of Tronchet, who thought in the spirit of the liberal majority for the abolition of absolutism and the subordination of the monarch to the law, at the same time, differed from the supporters of the influential royal power of Mirabeau, Lafayette, Le Chapelier, and from the adherents of the powerful parliament of Barnave, Duport, Alexander and Charles Lameth. Unlike the moderate deputies of the Assembly and the “left”, the representative of the “centre-left” expressed balanced judgments about the parity cooperation between the branches of power insisting on the significant role of the head of the executive branch. The Varennes crisis changed the views of many politicians. Tronchet was one of the main heralds of the liberal majority, who consolidated their intention to strengthen the executive branch of power in the person of the king and his agents, to complete the Constitution, to stabilize the situation in the country, to prevent the further radicalization of the revolution and the spread of republican mentality.

Elżbieta Badach, Janina Szewczyk, Sławomir Lisek et al.

Changes in the agrarian structure are among the indicators of Polish agriculture’s adaptation to competition with the EU agriculture and therefore require a thorough examination. The purpose of this paper is to determine the scale, direction and level of diversification of Polish agricultural farm size structures in 2010–2020 by typological groups of voivodeships. The research was carried out on the basis of Statistics Poland (GUS) data on the number of farms by size groups for the years 2010 and 2020. The following farm size groups were analysed: up to 2 ha of agricultural land (AL), 2–5 ha, 5–10 ha, 10–20 ha, 20–50 ha and over 50 ha. Based on fuzzy classification, four typological groups were distinguished, comprising voivodeships with similar farm size structure. Then, changes in the structure of the typological groups and changes in the number of farms in absolute terms were presented. The structure of the typological groups changed only marginally, while changes in the number of farms in absolute terms were very significant. In all groups, a decrease in the total number of farms was observed, notably farms of up to 10 ha in size, as well as an increase in the number of farms larger than 20 ha, with the rate and scale of those changes varying regionally. The largest decrease in the number of farms was recorded for voivodeships with the most fragmented agrarian structure.

Andrea Anderlini

The essay analyzes the two different burials of Francisco Franco: that of 1975 and that of 2019. Both symbolize political meanings and represent fundamental moments in the recent history of Spain, engaged in the tortuous process of transition to democracy. The treatment of the leader’s body records two symbolic passages of great importance. In the first funeral ceremony, the Caudillo was placed in the significant monument of the Valle de los Caídos together with the fallen of the civil war of 1936. In the second, the dictator was expelled and delivered to a smaller, private, and almost secret location. Between the two burials, there was a complex repositioning of the country’s ruling class and the reworking of the national memory.

Bingquan Ji, Xiaohan Zhu, Hong-lin Liao

The positive definiteness of discrete time-fractional derivatives is fundamental to the numerical stability (in the energy sense) for time-fractional phase-field models. A novel technique is proposed to estimate the minimum eigenvalue of discrete convolution kernels generated by the nonuniform L1, half-grid based L1 and time-averaged L1 formulas of the fractional Caputo's derivative. The main discrete tools are the discrete orthogonal convolution kernels and discrete complementary convolution kernels. Certain variational energy dissipation laws at discrete levels of the variable-step L1-type methods are then established for time-fractional Cahn-Hilliard model.They are shown to be asymptotically compatible, in the fractional order limit $α\rightarrow1$, with the associated energy dissipation law for the classical Cahn-Hilliard equation. Numerical examples together with an adaptive time-stepping procedure are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

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Augusto Piemonte

Reseña de Magalí Andrea Devés, Guillermo Facio Hebequer. Entre el campo artístico y la cultura de izquierdas, Buenos Aires, Prometeo Libros, 2020, 302 pp.

Yury E. Geints, Igor V. Minin, Oleg V. Minin

Optical energy flow inside a dielectric microsphere is usually codirected with the optical wavevector. At the same time, if the optical field in a microsphere is in resonance with one of the high-quality spatial eigenmodes (whispering-gallery modes - WGMs), a region of reverse energy flow emerges in the shadow hemisphere. This area is of considerable practical interest due to increased optical trapping potential. In this Letter, we consider a perforated microsphere with an air-filled single pinhole fabricated along the particle diameter and numerically analyze the peculiarities of WGM excitation in a nanostructured microsphere. A pinhole isolates the energy backflow region of a resonant mode and changes a perforated microsphere into an efficient optical tweezer. For the first time to our knowledge, we reveal the multiple enhancement of backflow intensity in the pinhole at a WGM resonance and discuss the way for its manipulation.

Hernán Camarero

Presentación

El Hassane Lahrar, Anouar Belhboub, Patrice Simon et al.

We use molecular simulations of an ionic liquid in contact with a range of nanoporous carbons to investigate correlations between ion size, pore size, pore topology and properties of the adsorbed ions. We show that diffusion coefficients increase with the anion size and, surprisingly, with the quantity of adsorbed ions. Both findings are interpreted in terms of confinement: when the in-pore population increases additional ions are located in less confined sites and diffuse faster. Simulations in which the pores are enlarged while keeping the topology constant comfort these observations. The interpretation of properties across structures is more challenging. An interesting point is that smaller pores do not necessarily lead to larger confinement. In this work, the highest degrees of confinements are observed for intermediate pore sizes. We also show a correlation between the quantity of adsorbed ions and the ratio between the maximum pore diameter and the pore limiting diameter.

Tadeusz Dobrowolski, Mikołaj Krupski, Witold Marciszewski

We prove that every homogeneous countable dense homogeneous topological space containing a copy of the Cantor set is a Baire space. In particular, every countable dense homogeneous topological vector space is a Baire space. It follows that, for any nondiscrete metrizable space $X$, the function space $C_p(X)$ is not countable dense homogeneous. This answers a question posed recently by R. Hernández-Gutiérrez. We also conclude that, for any infinite dimensional Banach space $E$ (dual Banach space $E^\ast$), the space $E$ equipped with the weak topology ($E^\ast$ with the weak$^\ast$ topology) is not countable dense homogeneous. We generalize some results of Hrušák, Zamora Avilés, and Hernández-Gutiérrez concerning countable dense homogeneous products.

Peter Clark

J. D. Quigley

The $2$-primary homotopy $β$-family, defined as the collection of Mahowald invariants of Mahowald invariants of $2^i$, $i \geq 1$, is an infinite collection of periodic elements in the stable homotopy groups of spheres. In this paper, we calculate $\mathit{tmf}$-based approximations to this family. Our calculations combine an analysis of the Atiyah-Hirzebruch spectral sequence for the Tate construction of $\mathit{tmf}$ with trivial $C_2$-action and Behrens' filtered Mahowald invariant machinery.

Christine Stansell

Susana Sueiro Seoane

Este texto analiza las fuertes discrepancias que hubo en el anarquismo del siglo XIX a propósito del tema independentista cubano. En un principio, la tesis más extendida fue que la liberación de Cuba del dominio español no garantizaba a la isla su libertad, que los anarquistas entendían como una emancipación económica y social y no política. La lucha por la instauración de una república, pensaban, no era su lucha. Sin embargo, el mensaje de Martí caló entre muchos obreros cubanos, incluidos los anarquistas, y en las páginas de los periódicos libertarios, tanto de Cuba como de España o Estados Unidos, se discutió mucho sobre si los anarquistas debían o no apoyar la causa independentista. Personajes centrales en esta polémica fueron los impresores Enrique Roig, Enrique Creci y Pedro Esteve, que utilizaron los periódicos que editaron para reflexionar sobre el tema de la patria, el patriotismo y el independentismo. Finalmente, ganó en el seno del anarquismo cubano la causa de la independencia. Incluso Esteve, el más reticente, acabó aceptando que había que apoyar la guerra por la independencia cubana siempre que el objetivo último siguiera siendo la revolución anarquista.   This text analyses the strong discrepancies that arose in XIXth Century anarchism regarding Cuban independence. At first, the anarchist theory was that the liberation of Cuba from Spanish rule did not guarantee the Island its freedom, which the anarchists understood as being an economic and social emancipation but not a political one. The fight for the establishment of a republic, they thought, was not their fight. However, Martí’s message made an impression amongst many Cuban workers, including the anarchists, and in the pages of the libertarian newspapers, both Cuban and Spanish or North American, there was much debate on whether or not the anarchists should support the cause of independence. Key figures in this controversy were the printers Enrique Roig, Enrique Creci and Pedro Esteve, who used the periodicals they published to deliberate on the themes of homeland, patriotism and independence. Finally, at the heart of Cuban anarchism it was the struggle for independence that prevailed. Even Esteve, the most reluctant, ended up accepting that it was necessary to support the Cuban war of independence as long as the final objective continued to be anarchist revolution.

Denis Gokhfeld

Order-disorder transitions of a vortex lattice transfer type-II superconductors from a low critical current state to a high one. The similar transition between different current states can be caused by electromagnetic granularity. A sigmoid curve is proposed to describe the corresponding peak in a field dependence of the macroscopic critical density. Using the extended critical state model, analytic expressions are obtained for the field dependencies of the local critical current density, the depth of equilibrium surface region, and the macroscopic critical current density. The expressions are well fit to published data.