O rio Paraopeba, afluente do São Francisco, desempenhou um papel fundamental nas expedições paulistas pelas futuras terras de Minas Gerais nas últimas décadas do século XVII. Inicialmente, a região do médio Paraopeba foi alvo da busca pelo ouro, mas desenvolveu um caráter agropecuário em parte do período colonial e imperial. No entanto, no início do século XX, a construção da Variante do Paraopeba pela Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil (EFCB) transformou a dinâmica do território, que antes funcionava fora do controle direto das administrações centrais. Com base na visão holística do território de Saverio Muratori (1967), este estudo reavalia os efeitos da ferrovia na reversão das estruturas de longa duração observadas em duas cachoeiras deste rio e em ruínas presentes na paisagem. São analisados a rota de exploração (1670-1690) e quatro períodos morfológicos distintos: a colonização inicial (1690–1730), a distribuição de sesmarias (1730–1810), a estagnação e transição para a mineração de ferro (1810–1910) e a era ferroviária (1910–1940). Nos anos que se seguiram, enquanto a ocupação do fundo de vale era incentivada, os empreendimentos mineradores se estabeleceram em cotas superiores. Essa dupla condição estrutura parte dos dilemas entre as ocupações e o avanço da mineração na contemporaneidade.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
Pergeseran paradigma pertumbuhan dari pendekatan neoklasik menjadi pendekatan endogen telah mengungkapkan bahwa pertumbuhan wilayah cenderung terjadi secara divergen yang dapat mengakibatkan melebarnya ketimpangan antardaerah. Di sisi lain aglomerasi perkotaan memungkinkan terciptanya eksternalitas dan efek limpahan yang dapat menstimulus terjadinya konvergensi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat konvergensi pada pertumbuhan wilayah, dan menjawab apakah faktor pertumbuhan endogen dan faktor aglomerasi memengaruhi pertumbuhan wilayah. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda dari faktor-faktor endogen, seperti modal, tenaga kerja, teknologi, inovasi, dan keterampilan terhadap derajat konvergensi sigma pada aglomerasi perkotaan di Pulau Jawa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan di Pulau Jawa terjadi kecenderungan divergensi dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Selain itu ditemukan pola nilai konvergensi lebih lemah pada metropolitan besar seperti Jabodetabekpunjur, Kedungsepur, dan Germokertosusilo Plus. Hal ini mengindikasikan kekuatan aglomerasi di Pulau Jawa belum mampu mendorong pemerataan antarwilayah. Faktor endogen yang berpengaruh terhadap konvergensi wilayah adalah modal, tenaga kerja, serta keterampilan, yang berarti derajat konvergensi di Pulau Jawa lebih banyak dipengaruhi oleh faktor produksi neoklasik.
Given that over 50% of the global population resides in urban environments, more rigorous methods are essential to address social and health inequities that urban environments maintain, despite their potential to offer both economic and social possibilities. Thus, it is critical to adopt innovative approaches to address the inequalities while considering the complex relationship between the built environment and human well-being. For achieving spatial justice, an interdisciplinary field that integrates neuroscientific knowledge within design principles is needed. This study, particularly integrating the WHO’s dementia-inclusive cities model into neuroarchitecture, seeks to develop guidelines on how to improve the overall quality of life by enhancing the safety and accessibility for older adults, especially those with dementia. This paper presents a case study conducted in Wrocław, Poland, where the photoproduction methodology has been used to analyse urban ageing with attention to both the visible elements captured in the photographs and the underlying reasons. One of the key themes that emerged from the analysis was spatial justice coupled with cognitive accessibility, suggesting that urban design can alleviate the daily challenges of older adults. Results put emphasis on practical ways to apply neuroarchitectural approaches in urban design and provide insight into how the challenges linked to a sense of safety and security can be overcome in the ageing urban population.
El artículo analiza una de las modalidades de urbanización periférica agenciadas por el capital financiero-inmobiliario en la sabana de Bogotá: el macroproyecto de interés social nacional Ciudad Verde. Tomando como base el estudio de la variación de precios de la vivienda nueva en cada etapa de desarrollo del macroproyecto, se busca demostrar la consolidación paulatina de un esquema de especulación inductiva para la formación de rentas urbanas de magnitud creciente entre 2010 y 2020. Para esto, en la primera parte se considera la formación histórica del capital financiero-inmobiliario en Colombia, aportando elementos para su delimitación conceptual. En la segunda parte, se aborda el proceso de consolidación urbanística de Ciudad Verde por etapas y se subraya el papel del Estado en la configuración de rentas urbanas. En la última parte, se presenta una síntesis teórica en dos momentos: la imbricación aditiva de la estructura de rentas en el macroproyecto, que explica el auge de los precios de la vivienda por encima de la inflación y, en segundo lugar, la distribución espacial de dicha estructura, que ofrece pistas sobre las próximas fases de expansión de la frontera urbana en el área de estudio.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
Abstract
In guaranteeing the credibility of Pluang, it is affiliated with PT PG Berjangka, which has been officially registered and supervised by Badan Pengawas Perdagangan Berjangka Komoditi) di bawah Kementerian Perdagangan under the Ministry of Trade (BAPPEBTI). However, business operations need to be seen from their conformity with sharia rules. The aim of this research is to analyze the working system of the pluang application according to the review of the mui fatwa number 77/DSN-MUI/V/2010 concerning non-cash buying and selling of gold. This research is qualitative research using a library research method. The analysis technique used is content analysis. The conclusion from the results of this research is that in terms of the gold installment feature in Pluang, the installment principle is permitted due to compliance with procedures in accordance with DSN-MUI Fatwa No. 77/DSN-MUI/V/2010 concerning Non-Cash Buying and Selling of Gold. Judging from the limitations and conditions in the fatwa, there is no additional selling price even if there is an extension of time where there is concern that there will be usury, the gold purchased becomes collateral and cannot be used as the object of another contract.
Keywords: Gold Investment, Pluang Application, Fatwa
Abstrak
Dalam menjamin kredibilitas Pluang berafiliasi dengan PT PG Berjangka, yang telah resmi terdaftar dan diawasi oleh Badan Pengawas Perdagangan Berjangka Komoditi) di bawah Kementerian Perdagangan (BAPPEBTI). Namun pada operasional bisnisnya perlu dilihat dari kesesuaiannya dengan aturan syariah. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis sistem kerja aplikasi pluang sesuai tinjauan fatwa mui nomor 77/DSN-MUI/V/2010 tentang jual beli emas secara tidak tunai. penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan kepustakaan (library research). Adapun teknik analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis isi (content analisys). Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah dalam hal fitur cicilan emas di Pluang, prinsip cicilan boleh dikarenakan taat prosedur sesuai dengan Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 77/DSN-MUI/V/2010 tentang Jual Beli Emas Secara Tidak Tunai. Ditinjau dari Batasan dan Ketentuan didalam fatwa tersebut berupa tidak ada tambahan harga jual meski ada perpanjangan waktu yang mana dikhawatirkan akan terdapat riba, emas yang dibeli menjadi jaminan dan tidak boleh dijadikan objek akad lain.
Kata kunci: Investasi Emas, Aplikasi Pluang, Fatwa
Omid Memarian Sorkhabi, Behnaz Shadmanfar, Mohammed M. Al-Amidi
Due to climate change, it is important to study the relationship between floods and sea-level rise in coastal city resilience. In this research sea surface temperature (SST) from MODIS, wind speed, precipitation, and sea-level rise from satellite altimetry are investigated for dynamic sea-level variability. An annual SST increase of 0.1C° is observed around the Gothenburg coast. Also in the middle of the North Sea, an annual increase of about 0.2C° is evident. The annual sea surface height (SSH) trend is 3 mm on the Gothenburg coast. We have a strong positive spatial correlation between SST and SSH near the Gothenburg coast. In the next step, dynamic sea-level variability is predicted with a convolution neural network and long short term memory. Root mean square error of wind speed, precipitation, SST, and mean sea-level forecasts are ±0.84 m/s, ±48.75 mm, ±3.48C° and ±24 mm, respectively. The 5-year trends of mean seal level show a significant increase from 28 mm/year to 46 mm/year in the last 5 year periods and the rate of increase has doubled. In the final step, the water rise of 5–10 m in Gothenburg city was simulated, and in the worst scenario, more than 50 % of the city will be damaged.
Environmental sciences, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
Urban expansion patterns have always evolved with various successive Urban Spatial Cycles (USCs). Both densification and dispersion strategies have shown limited success in optimizing local benefits such as affordable housing, access to amenities, a good environment, and low-cost transport in the cities of developing countries. However, in such countries, a systematic assessment of USCs and strategic utilization of the analyses, are not usually part of the land use policy-making process. The outcomes of the policy decisions are therefore less than optimal. This paper aims to explore the impact of progressive USCs on housing price, travel time, fuel consumption and environment. Based on geospatial data, this study examines the progress of USCs in Ahmedabad city. Landscape matrices and local perceptions are used to quantify the consequences of USCs using the Generalized Additive Model (GAM). Ahmedabad’s case study shows that the densification cycle is firmly active in the inner suburb and is closely associated with housing price inflation as well as the increase in travel time and fuel consumption. The cycles of fragmentation and sprawl in the outer suburban area are consistent with environmental degradation and travel frequency. Findings suggest that USCs-based policy assessment can be a useful tool to trade-off the cost and benefit of urban expansion.
Ashtarout Ammar, Hala Nassereddine, Nadine AbdulBaky
et al.
As the notion of data-driven analytics and turning data into action is becoming more salient in the construction industry, researchers and practitioners have recently devoted considerable effort to investigate the digital transformation of the industry. Along this journey, Digital Twin has been introduced to the industry as a concept that holds the promise to challenge the status-quo and address long standing problems of productivity, efficiency, and value. While this concept is becoming more familiar among practitioners, there is a lack of universal definitions of what the Digital Twin of a construction project is. Additionally, while identifying the purpose of Digital Twin is recognized as the first step in implementing Digital Twins, there is little discussion on the perception of construction practitioners of the extent to which Digital Twin can deliver value. To address these research gaps and building on the existing work on Digital Twins in the context of the construction industry, this paper first proposes a definition of the Digital Twin of a construction project. Next, a series of semi-structured interviews are conducted with nine construction practitioners to understand their perceptions on the use and challenges of Digital Twins. Thematic analysis is then used to analyze interview data and summarize Digital Twins applications, capabilities, and challenges. Forty direct applications were identified and grouped into seven capabilities. Digital Twins capabilities of Increase Transparency of Information and Real-Time Monitoring, Analysis, and Feedback were the most discussed with a total of eight applications each, followed by Better Stakeholder Collaboration which had seven applications. The discussion on challenges led to the identification of 34 challenges to implementing Digital Twin, grouped into six categories coded through thematic analysis. The category on Data Understanding, Preparation, and Usage Challenges was found to be the most critical for the interviewees. Additionally, the paper presents a case study on how building authority can be integrated into Digital Twins and leverage its use throughout the lifecycle of a building. Future work can further investigate the challenges and develop prototypes that can help in quantifying the benefits of implementing Digital Twins on a Construction Project.
Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), City planning
The notion of “a large panel system (LPS)” means a building system from prefabricated structural elements, concrete slabs, used for the construction of blocks of flats and other buildings. Despite its simple definition, the name evolved over time into an urban, architectural and sociological phenomenon of massive impact changing the character of many European cities for good. It is estimated that nowadays in Europe (excluding the countries of the former Soviet Union) around 41 million inhabitants live in housing estates built from prefabricated panels. The presented elaboration aims to determine a real scale of this issue and provoke a discussion on the basis of undertaken actions - the discussion about the possibilities of stopping the destructive spatial and social processes affecting such areas. On the basis of the above-discussed architectural, urban planning, sociological and technical aspects of the large panel system housing estates and their juxtaposition with competitive contemporary housing estates, an attempt can be made to compare the negative and positive characteristics of these areas. A division into three groups is proposed: 1. Spatial and functional parameters in urban planning, 2. Spatial and functional parameters in architecture, 3. Technical and aesthetic parameters. However, the above-described terms mainly function on the grounds of the downtown (city-centre) building development. Therefore, only by the reference to the revitalization of housing estates do we understand specific areas in degraded housing complexes. Finally, the undertaking of the revitalization actions in the context of large housing developments made with industrial technologies is called ‘the humanization of housing estates’. This term refers to a whole range of works, beginning from the survey of the technical condition, through consultations with the local community, to the selection of solutions in the field of architecture, economics or ecology. On the contrary to the typical modernization, humanization focuses its activities also on the analysis of the collective addressee, their needs and expectations. Humanization of huge housing complexes is coupled with the strive for sustainable development of cities, which has recently become a strategic term in the economies of all developing European countries.
One fume hood in a laboratory can use as much energy as three homes per year. When a fume hood is in use, its door (or “sash”) needs to be open, but otherwise it should be closed for safety, as well as to conserve energy. This paper examines strategies to promote fume hood closure behavior. A behavior change experiment conducted in the field tested whether a design signifier (sticker) and comparative feedback extracted from automated building and equipment data would decrease the number of times people left fume hoods open when not in use (while spaces were unoccupied or the hoods were inactive). The experiment included a control building where no fume hood intervention was implemented. The sticker and feedback together resulted in significantly fewer instances of hoods being left open (a 52.8% reduction overall). One year later, with the sticker in place and without further feedback, the instances of hoods being left open when the space was occupied but the hoods were inactive remained significantly lower than baseline. In addition to providing a low-cost strategy to bring about behavior change, findings from this study suggest opportunities to improve fume hood design and to use automated building data to provide laboratory workers with feedback to change their behavior.
Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), City planning
De peste două decenii în care Guvernul Republicii Moldova cu eforturile sale proprii, cât şi, în special, în ultimii ani, cu suportul financiar din partea Uniunii Europene şi al altor donatori şi instituții financiare internaţionale a inițiat în practică o serie de măsuri menite să susțină sectorul businessului mic şi mijlociu – acestea au început să dea roade. Măsurile de susținere întreprinse s-au valorificat într-un șir de rezultate pozitive, remarcate şi în demersul analitic de față, cum ar fi: sporirea aportului sectorului IMM-urilor în PIB; creșterea numărului de IMM-uri şi a forței de muncă angajate în aceste întreprinderi. Totuși în cadrul analizei efectuate s-a observat, că aceste rezultate raportate la ţările cu o economie de piaţă funcțională sunt cu mult inferioare, iar dezvoltarea sectorului businessului mic şi mijlociu reprezintă încă o mare provocare pentru Republica Moldova. Realitatea economică demonstrează că întreprinderile care conștientizează necesitatea de a crea, evalua şi exploata cu succes idei noi au mai multe șanse de a supraviețui şi a prospera în economia globală competitivă. În acest context în vederea aprecierii evoluției dezvoltării sectorului businessului mic şi mijlociu în Republica Moldova, vom recurge la examinarea principalilor indicatori ce caracterizează activitatea IMM-urilor, inclusiv a IMM-urilor inovative. În baza acestui demers analitic vom evidenția principalele obstacole care stau în calea funcționării eficiente a sectorului dat, oferind totodată şi perspectivele dezvoltării sectorului.
The study contains basic international trends in the field of PPP in general sense and in section of several aspects. Some consequences of pandemic were also predicted as a result, respective conclusions were made, which may be of interest for application in the conditions of Republic of Moldova.
Este trabajo se propone analizar acciones en Este trabajo se propone analizar acciones en el marco de los procesos de (re)-urbanización de villas en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA) para aportar datos sobre posibles estrategias de articulación de los componentes, en particular sobre las sinergias buscadas entre la transformación del hábitat popular y las condiciones socio-laborales de sus poblaciones. Mediante el cruce de datos estadísticos se revisan posicionamientos que sustentan al contexto socio-laboral del hábitat popular en CABA desde la mirada oficial, como también desde las organizaciones populares; y a partir de aquellos, reflexionar sobre un posible rol y aporte de los diseños en el proceso de fortalecimiento del componente socio-laboral de la (re)-urbanización inclusiva. Las condiciones socio-territoriales singulares de CABA, las del tejido socio-productivo de los barrios populares, los marcos regulatorios para el acceso y participación en las transformaciones materiales y las políticas establecidas, son algunos de los tópicos que componen este artículo.
Architecture, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
Iasmin de Magalhães Oliveira Lopes, Marcos Thadeu Queiroz Magalhães
De acordo com órgãos responsáveis pelas hidrovias e transportes de cargas, atualmente a hidrovia do Rio Madeira, é a segunda via mais importante para o transporte de cargas e escoamento de produtos na Amazônia, ficando atrás somente do rio Amazonas. Além dessa função comercial, por ela trafegam também moradores de comunidades tradicionais pertencentes ao Município de Porto Velho que desenvolvem uma relação de sustentabilidade para com o rio. O presente artigo tem o objetivo de levantar aspectos empíricos relacionados ao uso do transporte hidroviário na região. Para levantamento de dados das comunidades foram feitas entrevistas e aplicação de questionários com moradores das comunidades tradicionais dos distritos de São Carlos, Nazaré, Calama e Demarcação, visitas em órgãos competentes ao tema e consulta a bibliografias específicas. Espera-se na conclusão deste trabalho, ter subsídios técnicos para auxiliar no planejamento da mobilidade das comunidades em questão, facilitando o acesso a serviços básicos e ampliar o campo de estudo sobre a temática.
Architecture, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
Indonesia merupakan pasar potensial bagi bisnis eceran (retail), mengingat bisnis eceran menjangkau langsung konsumen akhir sebagai pasar sasarannya. Dengan 188juta penduduk dan jumlah kelas menengah (the rising middle class) yang semakin memiliki daya beli, maka hal itu jelas berpengaruh pada prospek bisnis eceran.
Economic growth, development, planning, Regional economics. Space in economics