Hasil untuk "Special aspects of education"

Yongliang Wang, Ali Derakhshan, L. Zhang

In addressing the recent special issue in Frontiers in Psychology, namely “Positive Psychology in Foreign and Second Language Education: Approaches and Applications,” calling language education researchers around the globe to study positive emotions, positive personality traits, and positive institutional tendencies and their implications for language education systems, stakeholders, and policy practices, the present conceptual review paper aims to acquaint language education researchers, practitioners, instructors, and learners with the main tenets of positive psychology and their application in second/foreign language (L2) education research. Accordingly, by drawing on the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions, we explain how individuals' positivity can result in their flourishment and development in any aspect of life, including L2 learning and teaching. Then, we introduce and conceptualize seven instances of positive psychology variables, namely academic engagement, emotion regulation, enjoyment, grit, loving pedagogy, resilience, and well-being and explain how these positive factors contribute to desirable L2 learning and teaching experiences. Subsequently, potential theoretical and pedagogical implications are drawn to enhance the quality and effectiveness of language education systems and their respective stakeholders. In the end, the limitations of the studies in this area are explicated, and suggestions for future research are provided to expand the extant literature on positive psychology in the domain of L2 education.

Anna Ahlgren

Natalia D. Galskova, Elena A. Komochkina, Nataliia V. Poliakova

The article adopts a cross-disciplinary perspective on foreign language instruction for non-linguistic students, with particular emphasis on the axiological aspects of developing their professional speaking and writing skills in a foreign language. The theoretical framework of the study integrates contemporary achievements in axiology, cognitive psychology, social studies, and language education into a coherent teaching methodology, designed to reflect the lifestyles, modes of thinking, preferences, values, and cultural practices of today’s youth. The study is aimed at identifying the correlation between professional values and foreign language communicational skills and prove its positive effect on the formation of student’s professional speech culture through a foreign language course titled ‘Professional Speech Culture in the Native and Foreign Language’ for undergraduate science students. The course is tailored to the learners’ specific linguistic, cultural, and professional needs, focusing on oral and written communication in both L1 and L2 to support their future academic and professional success. The course incorporates authentic academic materials in both languages, collaborative activities, and grammar and vocabulary practice, with special attention given to the analysis and categorisation of specialised discourse units and markers within a cross-cultural professional context. The methodology was implemented and tested through a three-stage pedagogical experiment conducted among Physics and Mathematics students at the State University of Education during the 2024–2025 academic year. The results of current and final assessment procedures confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed methodology: students in the experimental group demonstrated greater fluency, fewer grammatical and lexical errors, and more substantial progress in both oral and written communication compared to the control group. Thus, we can state that the proposed methodology makes a valuable contribution to the theory and practice of foreign language instruction.

Elizabeth Bettini, Nelson Brunsting, Kristen O’Brien et al.

Improving special education teachers’ (SETs’) working conditions will require a shared definition of working conditions. Thus, we aimed to develop a definition of SETs’ working conditions and relevant subconstructs, as a foundation for future efforts to assess and improve SETs’ working conditions. We developed a definition based on prior research, which we iteratively revised through feedback from focus groups and interviews with SETs. Based on these data, we developed the following definition: Working conditions are the job responsibilities special educators fulfill and the resources special educators experience, as a result of how their school is organized to structure and coordinate teachers’ work. We explain key dimensions of this definition, what working conditions are not, and working conditions subconstructs. This definition, and the constructs and subconstructs within it, provide a strong foundation for the field to pursue coordinated lines of inquiry on SETs’ working conditions.

Lina Markauskaite, Baruch B. Schwarz, C. Damşa et al.

ABSTRACT The importance of engaging students with complex societal challenges has led to the adoption of various interdisciplinary teaching and learning practices in both K-12 and higher education. However, interdisciplinary learning is one of the most complex domains of contemporary educational practice, and, despite its significance, remains significantly undertheorized and under-researched. This Special Issue highlights empirical research efforts toward understanding interdisciplinary learning in its complexity. It simultaneously aims to 1) advance ecological perspectives that encompass concepts and methodologies for studying complex heterogeneous learning practices and 2) apply these perspectives to the research of interdisciplinary learning—of how people learn across and beyond disciplines. This introduction provides a historical context for interdisciplinary learning, introduces an ecological stance toward researching learning across and beyond disciplines, and reviews critical theoretical and methodological challenges within interdisciplinary learning, arguing that the field of the learning sciences is well-positioned to address these challenges. It discusses how the contributions presented in this special issue shed light on theoretical, methodological, empirical, and design aspects of interdisciplinary learning and offer a basis for further design work and research.

Mario Ruiz Ortega

Este artículo es una propuesta para la enseñanza de la prosopografía en el Centro Universitarios de Ciencias Económico Administrativas. Bosqueja sus inicios como herramienta de las ciencias sociales,  hasta su consolidación como un método aceptado para la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Describe las dos grandes escuelas que identifican las estudios prosopográficos. Detalla una crisis metodológica sufrida en el último tercio del siglo. Aborda los principales pasos para su uso, acompañada esta última sección por reflexiones adecuadas para estudiantes universitarios de ciencias económico administrativas.

Antonia Rich, Rowena Viney, Milou Silkens et al.

Background High rates of burnout, anxiety, and depression in medical students are widespread, yet we have limited knowledge of the medical school experiences of students with mental health issues. The aim of the study is to understand the impact of mental health issues on students’ experience and training at medical school by adopting a qualitative approach.Methods Qualitative study using in-depth semi-structured interviews with 20 students with mental health issues from eight UK medical schools of varying size and location. Students were purposefully sampled to gain variety in the type of mental health issue experienced and demographic characteristics. Reflexive thematic analysis was employed using NVivo software.Results Three themes were identified. 1) Culture of medicine: medical culture contributed to causing mental ill-health through study demands, competitiveness with peers, a ‘suck it up’ mentality where the expectation is that medical school is tough and medical students must push through, and stigma towards mental ill-health. 2) Help-seeking: students feared others discovering their difficulties and thus initially tried to cope alone, hiding symptoms until they were severe. There were multiple barriers to help-seeking including stigma and fear of damage to their career. 3) Impact on academic life: mental health issues had a detrimental impact on academic commitments, with students’ unable to keep up with their studies and some needing to take time out from medical school.Conclusion This study provides insight into how medical culture contributes both to the cause of mental health difficulties and the reluctance of medical students to seek help. Mental health issues had a considerable negative impact on medical students’ ability to learn and progress through their degree. Addressing the medical culture factors that contribute to the cause of mental health issues and the barriers to help-seeking must be a priority to ensure a healthier medical workforce.

Jennifer A. Kurth, Alison L. Zagona

Letícia Fleig Dal Forno, Lucas França Garcia, Camila Cortellete Pereira da Silva

Nota-se, na literatura nacional e internacional, um desafio constante nos processos educacionais do estudante com altas habilidades/superdotação, referente ao compartilhamento do conhecimento e das informações entre a área clínica e pedagógica. Na identificação e diagnóstico das altas habilidades/superdotação, é preciso um psicodiagnóstico, no intuito de identificar características, potencialidades e necessidades especiais, contudo o diagnóstico não garante a promoção do processo educacional voltado à inclusão e especificidades de aprendizagem. Assim, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo discutir caminhos para compreender o psicodiagnóstico como um recurso de compartilhamento de saberes e de apoio para as ações pedagógicas. Recorreu-se a uma revisão narrativa da literatura com a utilização do software de análise qualitativa QSR NVIVO(r), visando realizar uma análise de conteúdo dos artigos selecionados para compor o estudo. Com a amostra de publicações que integram a revisão narrativa da literatura, observou-se que, no campo das altas habilidades/superdotação, poucos estudos discutem a promoção da saúde mental com base no pós-diagnóstico e o entendimento da subjetividade do sujeito. Notou-se que ainda se mantêm o conhecimento clínico e o conhecimento pedagógico como vertentes diferentes; entretanto, para ocorrer uma compreensão por parte do próprio estudante com altas habilidades/superdotação, é necessário que as dimensões clínica e pedagógica dialoguem de maneira a auxiliar as famílias e os sujeitos envolvidos.

Klaudius Ware, Klaudia E.N. Bambut, Sri Sulystyaningsih N.D. Tiring et al.

Practicum-based worksheets have been proven to improve students' thinking abilities. This research aims to describe the design and determine the feasibility of a project-based practical worksheet on buffer solution material. This research uses the Borg & Gall development model which consist of analyzing potential problems stage, data collection, product design, product marketing, product analysis and revision. The research subjects were 11th grade students from two different senior high school. The validation results show that the project learning-based student worksheet is classified as very valid with a score of 93 for small scale, 96 for medium scale, and 99 for large scale. The media was declared suitable for use based on the results of trials on small, medium and large scale students in the very good category with scores of 50, 51 and 55 respectively. This shows that project-based practical worksheets on buffer solution material are suitable for application to students.

Tove Stjern Frønes, Jenny W. Folkeryd, Kjetil Børhaug et al.

Kritisk literacy har de siste årene blitt mer sentralt både i forskningen og i skolens praksis, i likhet med nært beslektede begreper som kritisk tenking, kritisk lesing og kritisk skriving. Hvordan vi snakker om kritisk literacy er noe forskjellig i de ulike fagene. Både verdenssituasjonen og den gjennomgripende digitaliseringen av de nordiske samfunnene har aktualisert behovet for en kritisk tilnærming, og det har vært ulike drivkrefter for at kritisk literacy har blitt satt på dagsorden i de nordiske skolesystemene i de senere år. Den fornyede forskningsinteressen for kritisk tilnærming gjenspeiles i praksisfeltet og i lærerutdanningene, ikke minst gjennom de rammene for undervisning som læreplaner og forskrifter gir. Denne introduksjonsartikkelen til temanummeret om kritisk literacy i skolens fag klargjør hva en kritisk tilnærming kan innebære innenfor ulike fagtradisjoner. I tema­nummerets 12 artikler ses kritisk literacy i sammenheng både med fagenes egne uttrykk og det samfunnet og med de kulturene som fagene kan gi en kritisk tilnærming til, mens her ser vi nærmere på literacy-begrepets utvikling og på hvordan kritisk literacy har vært forstått, først i språkfagene og så i naturfagene og samfunnsfagene. Vi velger kritisk tilnærming som det overordnede begrepet, og som i ulike fag og situasjoner kan innebære både lesing og skriving, kritisk tenking eller andre praksiser. Dette temanummeret belyser fagspesifikk literacy, og i denne introduksjonsartikkelen ser vi på fagbegrepenes røtter og på hva som forener og hva som skiller de ulike fagenes perspektiver fra hverandre.

Alex Kossak, Nelma Vieira

O artigo analisa a atuação do empresariado no Novo Ensino Médio. No processo de recomposição burguesa, compreendemos que o empresariado tem atuado no sentido de direcionar as políticas educacionais e o Estado, como por exemplo, o movimento Todos Pela Educação. Utilizamos uma pesquisa de cunho documental, calcada no materialismo histórico-dialético para apontar que a atuação do capital privado tem sido no sentido de conformar a classe trabalhadora para as demandas de um mercado flexível e pragmático. Palavra-chave: Novo Ensino Médio; Empresariado; Reforma Educacional; Todos Pela Educação.  

D. Golden, L. Erdreich, K. Stefansen et al.

Over three decades ago (in a paper published in this Journal), Brown discerned the emergence of a ‘parentocracy’, in which a child’s education is ‘increasingly dependent upon the wealth and wishes of parents, rather than the ability and effort of pupils’ (1990, 66, emphasis in original). Since then, the changing field of education across the globe – including the entrenchment of neoliberalism, increased competition, and expansion of educational choices – has reinforced the transferal of responsibility for children’s future prospects from the state onto families. Against this background, a major line of inquiry in the sociology of education addresses the contribution of parents’ educational aspirations and strategies to the reproduction of social advantage. Informed by Bourdieu’s concept of cultural capital and by Lareau’s studies (2000/1989, 2003) of the class-based capacities of families to align their modes of childrearing with the ethos and requirements of education – in and outside of schools – a large body of research addresses the links between class, education and parenting. Much of this research has been undertaken in North America and Western Europe. A primary aim of this Special Issue is to broaden the scope and to provide a forum for studies of class, education and parenting hailing from a range of cultural contexts and social groups – of particular importance in an era of increasing global movement of families. Moreover, we are curious to see how these studies might invite further theoretical elaboration of the links between class, education and parenting. We are pleased that indeed the papers do extend the scope as they engage with aspects of parents’ work on behalf of their children’s education, as these are elabourated in unique circumstances. In the following, we present the papers as we highlight common, sometimes overlapping, themes. In the final section, we note some general points while indicating possible directions of future research.

B. Meskhi, S. Ponomareva, E. Ugnich

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the limitations, opportunities and conditions for the development of e-learning in the inclusive education system in the universities. Design/methodology/approach The paper reviews the literature dedicated to e-learning, its application and adaptation in higher inclusive education. Systemic and social approaches were applied to the perception of higher inclusive education for the purposes of this study. The principles of evolutionary economics and institutional theory were used for determining the possibility of using e-learning in higher inclusive education. The findings are confirmed by an empirical study of the integration of e-learning into the higher inclusive education system by the example of Russia. Findings It has been shown that the development of e-learning in the national higher education system and its perception by the higher inclusive education system depends on the level of development of social and information interrelation in the society. In addition, e-learning can only be used in higher inclusive education when it is interrelated with traditional learning. The efficiency of e-learning in higher inclusive education depends on the systemic institutional environment which was formed both at the level of the state and at the level of a particular university. In this case, the institutional environment should be focused not only on the development of e-learning and inclusive education, but also on their collaboration. Practical implications The results of the study, which identified special aspects, opportunities and limitations of e-learning in higher inclusive education, can be applied to improve its effectiveness both at the level of individual universities and at the level of formation of national strategies for the development of higher education. Originality/value Given the growing relevance of higher inclusive education in the contemporary world and the limited number of studies of adaptation and the use of e-learning in it, the results obtained can contribute to the implementation of strategic planning of this direction at the national and local levels.

Nancy Fichtman Dana, James Rigney, Vicki Vescio et al.

The purpose of this study was to understand the ways doctoral students in an online Ed.D. program developed their skills as practitioner researchers through a project-based learning (PBL) experience. In order to describe and analyze the nature of the students’ PBL experiences, case study methodology was used. Interviews, a video-recording of a two-hour synchronous class session, and student generated artifacts were iteratively analyzed by a team of researchers. Results reveal underlying tensions within three case themes: individual versus collective learning, simulated versus real research experience, and public class activity versus private group conversations. These findings demonstrate that Ed.D. program area faculty must balance the competing tensions raised by these case themes in order to facilitate research skill development and foster the ability of their students to grow as practitioner scholars.

Jain S, Dewey RS

Sunil Jain,1 Rebecca S Dewey2 1Department of Paediatrics, Command Hospital (Northern Command), Jammu and Kashmir, India; 2Neuroimaging, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG1 5DU, UKCorrespondence: Sunil JainDepartment of Paediatrics, Command Hospital (Northern Command), Pin 901131, c/o 56 APO, Jammu and Kashmir, IndiaTel +91 9086068677Email sunil_jain700@rediff.comPurpose: Advanced methodical learning and optimised learning leads to better-trained doctors. Such teaching typically comprises the illustration of features and access to facilities. This article explores the role of “Special clinics” in medical education. The role of sophisticated “Special clinics” is to provide vigour and vibrancy in treating and teaching as well as advancing the art and science of medicine. All this contributes towards the current evidence indicating benefits of reducing hospitalization.Methods: This article comprises an analysis of the guidance produced by leading medical education institutions. Findings are presented in the perspective of a relevant theoretical framework around “Special clinics”, in light of the available evidence and personal experience.Results: The implementation and potential impacts of “Special clinics” are presented within the context of the “ 4SAs”, a favoured teaching mnemonic: 1) Scientific Approach: medical education rules and regulations reflecting scientific reasoning in support of “Special clinics”, 2) Setting Advantages: the mechanisms by which “Special clinics” are conducive to and contribute towards increasing the capacity to comprehensively treat complex disorders in the outpatient setting, avoiding hospitalization and its associated risks, as well as expenditure, 3) Sophistication Advantages: tools and techniques to ensure advanced clinical skills teaching including novel outpatient technologies, understanding the need for focussed study and practice, and exploiting the advantages of internationalization of medical education, and 4) Successes and Advancements: opportunities to observe experts providing specialist care of the highest standard. The use of a focussed approach aims to explore and advance frontiers of medical education.Conclusion: “Special clinics” will soon form a major component of the hospital workload and play a crucial role in medical education. They provide the advantage of condition-specific patient-centered care, the motivation for excellence. Clinical skills learnt by medical students in “Special clinics” will undoubtedly contribute to long-term improvements in the medical care.Keywords: medical education, competency, outpatient clinics, communication skills, case-based learning, patient-centered care

Ilkay Gok, E. Ulu

PurposeAfter the introduction of functional food term in 1980s, production and marketing of functional food in Japan, USA and European markets has developed rapidly. Compared to these developed countries, the market size of the functional food in Turkey is very limited. The purpose of this study is to explore reasons of limited development and marketing strategies regarding the size of expenditure, governmental legislation and consumer preferences and highlight the type of functional food products available at large retail chains of important suppliers in Turkey.Design/methodology/approachDescription and exploration of market size and expenditure were determined by using Euromonitor International (2017). The factors influencing consumption and attitudes toward functional food purchasing were evaluated by studying literature research. The number and types of functional foods in the most important supermarket chains were determined to show the growth rate in Turkey. Products in the markets were determined based on the direct observation available, and functional foods sold in the markets were noted at the visits and tabulated. The type of functional food product, its category, the main benefit offer to the consumer and the brand and status of the food processing industry (national or not) were identified. Government legislation on special health claims for functional foods was stated.FindingsMarket size of Turkey per capita expenditure was approximately US$5.8m, which was very low, whereas that of Japan and USA was US$86.7m and 100.2m, respectively, in 2017. The variety of functional food products was at a very low level, and functional food market share was limited compared to powerful countries like Turkey. International companies had a higher market share than national companies. Danone with dairy functional foods was the biggest company in Turkey market. Literature studies showed that Turkish people have less knowledge about functional foods and need education. According to reviews, socio-demographic characteristics such as age, education, income levels, gender and prices were important indicators influence consumer awareness and consumption of functional foods. Consumer’s knowledge must be increased with their health benefits by education. Reviews showed that nearly 60 per cent of people did not have any information about functional food and women were more aware and the most active user group. Dairy products were the most preferred functional foods in Turkey. Because of limited awareness, there is a need for elucidating studies that are targeting potential consumers. Turkey did not have labeling system to claim foods functionality on packages and did not permit foods that contribute to health maintenance and/or recovery from disease, but Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock applies some laws and regulations.Originality/valueThis study provides market study and detailed research about marketing strategies and legislation of functional foods in Turkey. People have high demand to consume and there are big potentials of functional food marketing and opportunities for food industries. But to increase consumption and marketing size, it needs education of consumer, advertising and some adjustment of legislation by government.

Iván Borroto Rodríguez, Yanina Micaela Sammarco

El presente artículo se propone contribuir a las discusiones sobre el papel de museos frente a la crisis ambiental, mediante la discusión de la presentación del medio ambiente y de sus problemas socioambientales en las exposiciones. En esa dirección, se presenta inicialmente una revisión histórica sobre la constitución de los museos, a partir de algunas transformaciones experimentadas por sus colecciones. A continuación se desarrolla una discusión sobre la educación de los visitantes en el ámbito de las dimensiones tiempo, espacio y objeto. A partir de esa discusión se analizan las posibilidades comunicativas y educativas de las exposiciones. Por último, se presentan reflexiones sobre la exhibición del medio ambiente y sus problemas en las exposiciones de museos. A partir de este estudio, se percibe al museo público con posibilidades para la educación de la ciudadanía en cuestiones sociambientales. Por otro lado, se aprecia que en la práctica el tratamiento dado al medio ambiente y a sus problemas socioambientales no atiende a su naturaleza multifacética. Esta situación lleva a ubicar a museos públicos en una posición desfavorable frente a la posibilidad de contribuir al enfrentamiento de la crisis ambiental.

Dwi Rahdiyanta, Olha Prokopenko, Maksym Slatvinskyi et al.

The objectives of this study were: (1) to describe the application of occupational safety and health in the machinery industry in the Yogyakarta area, (2) describe the application of OSH in vocational schools in Yogyakarta and (3) evaluate how the application of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) in the machinery industry if applied in the implementation of OSH in vocational schools. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research. Research subjects are PT. Mega Andalan Kalasan, PT. Yogya Presisi Tehnikatama Industri, CV. Karya Hidup Sentosa, SMK Negeri 2 Depok Sleman, SMK Negeri 2 Yogyakarta, and SMK Muhammadyah 3 Yogyakarta. Data collection used observation and interviews. The results of the study: (1) The machinery and manufacturing industry in the Yogyakarta area has carried out OSH aspects including occupational safety, occupational health, and OSH management in accordance with the OSH application rules for industry, (2) SMKs in the Yogyakarta area have not implemented all aspects of OSH implementation in accordance with industry standards. The application of occupational safety aspects is still lacking, the application of occupational health is still lacking, and management aspects have not been implemented, and (3) SMKs should implement OSH management in accordance with industry standards, especially OSH management, namely: (a) OSH education and training, (b) socialization of OSH in schools, and (c) provision of personal protective equipment, and (d) health services in schools.

Valentina Y. Kirillova, Larisa I. Sokolova

The article deals with the modern understanding of the university and its role in the educational process, the essential features and criteria of the university, the idea of the reference university are given. The authors emphasize that the educational environment of the modern university is an important resource for the formation and development of the student's personality. The university acts as a social institution, performs socio-cultural tasks of modern society development and acquires new qualities.