Hasil untuk "Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology"

Lin Tian, Marian-Andrei Rizoiu

Social media engagement prediction is a central challenge in computational social science, particularly for understanding how users interact with misinformation. Existing approaches often treat engagement as a homogeneous time-series signal, overlooking the heterogeneous social mechanisms and platform designs that shape how misinformation spreads. In this work, we ask: ``Can neural architectures discover social exchange principles from behavioral data alone?'' We introduce \textsc{Dreams} (\underline{D}isentangled \underline{R}epresentations and \underline{E}pisodic \underline{A}daptive \underline{M}odeling for \underline{S}ocial media misinformation engagements), a social exchange theory-guided framework that models misinformation engagement as a dynamic process of social exchange. Rather than treating engagement as a static outcome, \textsc{Dreams} models it as a sequence-to-sequence adaptation problem, where each action reflects an evolving negotiation between user effort and social reward conditioned by platform context. It integrates adaptive mechanisms to learn how emotional and contextual signals propagate through time and across platforms. On a cross-platform dataset spanning $7$ platforms and 2.37M posts collected between 2021 and 2025, \textsc{Dreams} achieves state-of-the-art performance in predicting misinformation engagements, reaching a mean absolute percentage error of $19.25$\%. This is a $43.6$\% improvement over the strongest baseline. Beyond predictive gains, the model reveals consistent cross-platform patterns that align with social exchange principles, suggesting that integrating behavioral theory can enhance empirical modeling of online misinformation engagement. The source code is available at: https://github.com/ltian678/DREAMS.

Venesio Bwambale Bhangyi, Mette Rømer

In Uganda, the social work profession was introduced by the British colonial government, and therefore activated as a tool of colonial state control. Consequently, the profession adopted Western philosophies with a disregard for indigenous social support philosophies. It used a non-political stance to counter political dissent, resistance and activism against the colonial administration. In the decades that have followed, the profession’s invisibility in politics and activism has undermined its critical contribution to challenging injustice in social policy and society. In this article, we challenge this apolitical epistemology of social work in Uganda rooted in the profession’s colonial past, the country’s violent political history and contemporary neoliberal economic choices. We use a case analysis of the political contestations, human rights violations and human victims in the 2021 presidential elections in Uganda. We conducted a thematic analysis of data sourced from both print and electronic media, election observer reports and human rights reports. From this analysis, we argue that Uganda’s political contestations produce widespread state- and non-state-driven human rights violations. We articulate that the resultant countless human victims can no longer be ignored, and should compel social work as a profession that seeks to promote social justice into action. From a decolonial standpoint, we stress that social work’s continued inaction cannot safeguard the profession’s social justice mission amidst Uganda’s political contestations. Since the outcomes of these political contestations profoundly impact social justice, human rights and the well-being of the majority of the communities, we argue that the social work profession in Uganda must galvanise the commitment to engage in the politics of the day vigorously and publicly. We conclude by making calls for social work actions that utilise indigenous pathways in building a credible political leadership that safeguards the rights and wellness of society.

Nathaniel Lubin, Yuning Liu, Amanda Yarnell et al.

Social media platforms have been accused of causing a range of harms, resulting in dozens of lawsuits across jurisdictions. These lawsuits are situated within the context of a long history of American product safety litigation, suggesting opportunities for remediation outside of financial compensation. Anticipating that at least some of these cases may be successful and/or lead to settlements, this article outlines an implementable mechanism for an abatement and/or settlement plan capable of mitigating abuse. The paper describes the requirements of such a mechanism, implications for privacy and oversight, and tradeoffs that such a procedure would entail. The mechanism is framed to operate at the intersection of legal procedure, standards for transparent public health assessment, and the practical requirements of modern technology products.

Bruno Augusto Vigo Milanez

O artigo busca demonstrar que a decisão liminar do Min. Luiz Fux, nas ADI’s 6.298, 6.299, 6.300 e 6.305, não contém nenhum fundamento explícito que permita a suspensão da eficácia do art. 3º-A do CPP. Além de violar o princípio constitucional da motivação das decisões, insere-se a decisão naquilo que se poderia denominar de movimento de contrarreforma, em que medidas salutares em prol do modelo processual penal acusatório são simplesmente anuladas, mantendo-se a mentalidade e as práticas inquisitoriais no processo penal brasileiro.

Melis Selamoglu, Ayse Emel Onal, Bircan Erbas et al.

Abstract Background Family physicians (FPs) are the first point of contact for people who smoke who are seeking to quit smoking in Türkiye. We aimed to explore Turkish FPs knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of e-cigarettes as smoking cessation aids. Methods Eleven in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with FPs in Istanbul, Türkiye. Participants were recruited through purposeful sampling from respondents to a previous survey study completed with 243 participants in 2022. The survey explored the knowledge, attitudes and recommendations of FPs in Istanbul about e-cigarettes as smoking cessation aids. Participants indicated availability for a follow up qualitative interview. FPs were interviewed and audio files were transcribed verbatim. QSR NVivo was used to aid coding, thematic analysis and retrieval of quotes. Results FPs expressed they had little knowledge about e-cigarettes and this impacted their confidence to discuss these with their patients. They held a range of views on the harms of e-cigarettes and the potential for a gateway effect and dual use with tobacco cigarettes. FPs stated they would not recommend e-cigarettes as smoking cessation aids and half were not keen on a prescription model for e-cigarettes. FPs did not feel comfortable or have the confidence to answer patient questions about e-cigarettes if asked. They were keen to learn more about e-cigarettes and receive training and education to be able to better inform their patients about e-cigarettes as smoking cessation aids. Conclusion FPs in Türkiye require more understanding of e-cigarettes if they are to answer patient questions about using e-cigarettes to support smoking cessation. They perceived to be lack of evidence and research on the harms of vaping and as such were not currently willing to recommend them to patients. FPs desired more information and resources from trusted sources to support them to learn about e-cigarettes in order to discuss them with patients. Providing evidence-based information and upskilling FPs on e-cigarettes may increase their knowledge and confidence to have discussions about e-cigarettes for smoking cessation.

Helen Schiek, Tobias Esch, Maren M. Michaelsen et al.

Abstract Background Cigarette smoking remains a leading cause of preventable illness and death, underscoring the need for effective evidence-based smoking cessation interventions. Nuumi, a novel smoking cessation program integrating a digital behavioral therapy and an electronic cigarette, may provide a solution. Objective To investigate the initial efficacy, acceptability and psychological outcomes of an evidence-based smoking cessation intervention comprised of a mobile phone app and an electronic cigarette among adults who smoke and who are motivated to quit. Methods A prospective 6-month single-arm mixed-methods pilot study will be conducted. Seventy adults who smoke and who are motivated to quit will be recruited via web-based advertisements and flyers. Participants receive access to an app and an electronic cigarette with pods containing nicotine for temporary use of at least 3 months. The electronic cigarette is coupled with the app via Bluetooth, allowing for tracking of patterns of use. The behavioral therapy leverages evidence-based content informed by cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness-informed principles. Web-based self-report surveys will be conducted at baseline, at 4 weeks, at 8 weeks, at 12 weeks, and at 24 weeks post-baseline. Semi-structured interviews will be conducted at baseline and at 12 weeks post-baseline. Primary outcomes will be self-reported 7-day point prevalence abstinence from smoking at 12 weeks and 24 weeks. Secondary outcomes will include other smoking cessation-related outcomes, psychological outcomes, and acceptability of the nuumi intervention. Descriptive analyses and within-group comparisons will be performed on the quantitative data, and content analyses will be performed on the qualitative data. Recruitment for this study started in October 2023. Discussion As tobacco smoking is a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality, this research addresses one of the largest health burdens of our time. The results will provide insights into the initial efficacy, acceptability, and psychological outcomes of a novel mobile health intervention for smoking cessation. If successful, this pilot may generate an effective intervention supporting adults who smoke to quit smoking. The results will inform feasibility of a future randomized controlled trial. Trial Registration German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00032652, registered 09/15/2023, https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00032652 .

Chaitya Shah, Ritesh Konka, Gautam Malpani et al.

There is a prevailing perception that content on a social media platform generally have the same political leaning. These platforms are often viewed as ideologically congruent entities, reflecting the majority opinion of their users; a prime example of this is Truth Social. While this perception may exist, it is essential to verify the platform's credibility, acknowledging that such platforms contain meaningful insights with neutral stances. To this end, we examine the dissemination of Wikipedia links on the alt-right platform, Truth Social. Wikipedia is recognized for enforcing content neutrality and serves as a unique lens to analyze the objectivity of user-generated content on Truth Social. By scrutinizing Truths with and without Wikipedia links, identifying toxicity trends & recognizing coordinated networks, we observe a lower level of engagement and a tendency for Truths shared on Truth Social to cover more neutral topics when it includes Wikipedia links (Wiki Truths). Given the significantly different engagement and nature of content shared of Wiki Truths against Non-Wiki Truths, we emphasize that we should not generalize the techno-political affiliation of a social media platform, but rather should investigate the content closely.

Titilayo Monsurat Musa, Adekola Ridwan Ademola, Adeleye Oluwagbemiga Adewale et al.

Background: The role of balanced diet in the life of an individual physically challenged or not cannot be overlooked. The condition of the physically challenged children attracts little or no attention. Several factors have been identified as causes of malnutrition in physically challenged persons. A nutritional diet is one of the factors that can help to reduce this phenomenon. The study was designed to examine the effect of a nutrition diet on health status of physically challenged students at Ade Okubanjo Institute for the Blind at Ijebu-Igbo. Method: This study used a descriptive survey research design and was conducted in 2022. 120 students were selected as the population of this study of which 100 were retuned valid. The research location was Ade Okubanjo Institute for the Blind, Ijebu-Igbo. A self-structured questionnaire was used to measure the nutrition diet of physically challenged students. To do so, 100 questionnaires were analyzed using a purposive sampling techniques method.  Nutritional diet and health status questionnaire was the instrument used for this study and questions about physical performance, nutritional diet, lack of adequate nutrition and family/parental status questions were asked from the participants. Cronbach’s alpha of NHSQ was 0.72. The data analysis method included the descriptive statistics were analyzed using chi-square. Result: Findings revealed that physical activities performance will significantly influence the nutrition diet of physically challenged children (Cal. value = 125.748a,, p-value = .000.), Lack of adequate nutrition will significantly influence the nutrition diet of physically challenged children (Cal. value = 46.180a,, p-value = .000.) also mental health status significantly influence the nutrition diet of physically challenged children (Cal. value = 41.165a,, p-value = .000.), Family/parental status will significantly affect the nutritional diet intake of the physically challenged (Cal value = 41.165a, , p-value = .000.). Conclusion: The findings concluded that Physical performance, Lack of adequate nutrition, Mental status and Family/parental status significantly affect the nutritional diet intake of the physically challenged students at Ade Okubanjo Institute for the Blind.

Sriniwas Pandey, Yiding Cao, Yingjun Dong et al.

Studying extreme ideas in routine choices and discussions is of utmost importance to understand the increasing polarization in society. In this study, we focus on understanding the generation and influence of extreme ideas in routine conversations which we label "eccentric" ideas. The eccentricity of any idea is defined as the deviation of that idea from the norm of the social neighborhood. We collected and analyzed data from two completely different sources: public social media and online experiments in a controlled environment. We compared the popularity of ideas against their eccentricity to understand individuals' fascination towards eccentricity. We found that more eccentric ideas have a higher probability of getting a greater number of "likes". Additionally, we demonstrate that the social neighborhood of an individual conceals eccentricity changes in one's own opinions and facilitates generation of eccentric ideas at a collective level.

Hamideh Dabbaghi, Kosar Mohammadi

Corona Pandemic, quarantine, and restrictions imposed on businesses, especially in the field of informal employment and services, women in their businesses have faced many problems in terms of providing and developing services. The purpose is to identify the problems of the group of women heads of households who are responsible for home baking and economic affairs and managing family financial resources. Therefore, in this study, from a qualitative approach and thematic analysis method, semi-in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 women and then coded by Max Q.D.A software. A total of 2 main themes, 4 subthemes, 12 concepts, and 110 phrases were extracted. The two main categories of causes of female unemployment in the Covid period were the nature of the job and the effect of the disease on some occupations. Consequences of unemployment in three categories of psychological consequences (decreased self-esteem and depression, reduced female resilience). The decline in women's resilience is due to job losses or unemployment or a reduction in their income. Job consequences, such as lack of skill development and role mixing and the mother-teacher phenomenon, have left women trapped in poverty and precarious jobs, and put double pressure on women. The findings indicate a lack of support based on gender sensitivity. Depression is not only due to economic problems but also due to the increase in gender roles and the return of previous roles of women that were previously left to institutions such as schools or kindergartens;

Melinda Pénzes, Tamás Joó, Róbert Urbán

Aims: There is limited knowledge on how ever and current heated tobacco product (HTP) users perceive the relative harm of various nicotine-containing products. The aim of this study was to explore relative harm perceptions of HTPs, e-cigarettes, and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) relative to conventional cigarettes (CCs) among ever versus current HTP users, and exclusive (who use only a HTP) versus dual/poly-users (concurrent users of HTP and CCs and/or e-cigarettes). Methods: Data came from 1423 ever or current Hungarian adult HTP users who participated in a cross-sectional web-based survey in 2020. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the associations between relative harm perceptions, HTP use patterns, past tobacco use, HTP dependence, and socio-demographic variables. Results: 81.2% of the sample was current HTP users, of them 78.4% were exclusive HTP users. Compared to CCs, 86.2% of the sample perceived HTP to be less harmful, with current and exclusive HTP users endorsing more this belief, followed by NRT (79.8%), and e-cigarettes (45.2%). In general, neither socio-demographic variables nor past tobacco use, HTP use pattern, and HTP dependence were related to perceived harmfulness across the tested products. However, there was a specific pattern for each tested product with a set of explanatory variables. Conclusions: Ever/current HTP users presented misperceptions about the harms of HTPs, e-cigarettes, and NRT. They underestimated the potential health benefits of NRT and had distorted harm perceptions about HTPs and e-cigarettes. Public education about the relative harms of different nicotine and tobacco products is urgently needed.

Alisson Nohelia Lanza Duarte, Jackeline Alger, César Augusto Durán López

Antecedentes: Las autopsias son esenciales para investigar las enfermedades emergentes ya que contribuyen a comprender su fisiopatología y fundamentar el tratamiento. Objetivo: Describir las publicaciones sobre autopsias de casos COVID-19 en el marco de la pandemia, 2019-2020. Metodología: Revisión de alcance. Periodo: publicaciones de noviembre 2019 a diciembre 2020. Términos utilizados: autopsia, cambios post mortem, hallazgos incidentales, infecciones por coronavirus, en sujetos humanos, en español e inglés; en bases de datos Research4Life, PubMed, LILACS, Researchgate. Se utilizó el estándar PRISMA. El protocolo fue aprobado por Unidad de Investigación Científica (UIC) de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (FCM), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH). Resultados: De un total de 320 artículos identificados, se seleccionaron 42, correspondientes a 582 autopsias, todos en el idioma inglés. De los 42 artículos, los dos países con más publicaciones fueron de Estados Unidos 16 y Alemania 5. En 27 el rango de autopsias reportadas fue 1-10. En 17 las medidas de bioseguridad implementadas no fueron consignadas y en 13 no fueron especificadas. En 19, no se describe si las autopsias fueron completas o parciales. Las autopsias completas se reportaron en 14 publicaciones, parciales en cinco y autopsias completas y parciales en cuatro. En 11 publicaciones no se describieron los hallazgos macroscópicos; en los 42 trabajos se examinaron los tejidos con microscopio óptico, en 28 se utilizaron marcadores inmunohistoquímicos y en 7 microscopio electrónico. El órgano descrito principalmente fue pulmón en 40 estudios. Conclusiones e implicaciones: Son necesarias más publicaciones reportando series de autopsias completas, retomar la importancia del estudio de todos los órganos y la determinación de las causas de muerte por COVID-19. A diciembre de 2020, en América Latina no se había publicado estudios sobre autopsias. Las implicaciones para el manejo de casos y políticas públicas demuestran que se debe invertir en la realización de autopsias incluyendo los estudios histopatológicos que se requieran.  

Lasocik Zbigniew

This article is devoted to the issue of awareness of human trafficking and forced labor among Poles. The analysis is based on the results of social opinion polls conducted in Poland between 1998 and 2020. Although there have been several such surveys, there is so far no summary or commentary on them in the Polish literature. There is extensive empirical material, however, some of the studies raise serious methodological doubts. Finally, interpretation of the results sometimes causes considerable controversy. In professional writing, the problem of social awareness of human trafficking has been discussed much less frequently than such issues as the scale of this phenomenon, the effectiveness of prosecution or the situation of the victims. The narrative axis of this article is Amitai Etzioniʼs concept of an active society. This author argues that a sense of community comes down to the development of optimal responses to emerging social needs. Therefore, questions have to be asked about whether Polish society perceives the problem of human trafficking as important, and whether it has developed the kind of readiness that guarantees that it will "deal" with it in the best possible way. In light of the data collected, and the analysis carried out, the proposed answer is decidedly negative. The article demonstrates that a low level of awareness from citizens became one of the factors that negatively affected the process of building an effective system of eliminating modern slavery in Poland. A poorly informed, passive, and most of all undemanding society turned out to be a “convenient” partner for the state apparatus, which never considered human trafficking to be one of its priorities. Even more, the state has almost completely neglected its duty to build a collective awareness of the danger of this crime, or to support societal responsibility for its victims.

Vasilios Ioakimidis

El capitalismo neoliberal ha impactado de manera brutal en términos del incremento de la desigualdad en todo el mundo. Esto tiene una estrecha relación con los problemas de salud mental que enfrenta de manera creciente la población en general, incluyendo a las/os trabajadores sociales. En este artículo planteo que no puede haber un trabajo social crítico, basado genuinamente en la búsqueda de la justicia social, que no ponga énfasis en las relaciones humanas; y que tampoco puede haber un trabajo social basado en las relaciones humanas que no aspire a la promoción de la justicia social en un plano estructural. Para argumentar en torno a esta posición, se abordan discusiones sobre el neoliberalismo y su impacto en las relaciones humanas como un marco amplio para pensar a trabajo social hoy. Se problematiza el pasado profesional y se analizan las condiciones actuales en que se produce la intervención de las/os trabajadores sociales, para pensar desde allí la posibilidad de la resistencia. En base al análisis de los actos de resistencia del trabajo social en algunos países europeos, se propone un proyecto radical de trabajo social, que pone al centro la solidaridad y el cuidado como impulso transformador en nuestras sociedades.perspectivas nos permiten considerar al lenguaje como principio ordenador y evidenciar la emergencia y actualidad del enfoque interpretativo. Planteamos esta lectura justamente porque consideramos que al trabajo social le ha costado, y le cuesta, incluirse en esta perspectiva, pese a las arraigadas tradiciones tanto técnico-instrumentales como teórico-epistémicas que abogan o promulgan la importancia de la interpretación. El final del texto abre a nuevas interrogantes, antes que a respuestas formalmente elaboradas. El punto de apertura y cierre, en espiral, es la reflexividad y la crítica.

Hao Peng, Jianxin Li, Yangqiu Song et al.

Events are happening in real-world and real-time, which can be planned and organized for occasions, such as social gatherings, festival celebrations, influential meetings or sports activities. Social media platforms generate a lot of real-time text information regarding public events with different topics. However, mining social events is challenging because events typically exhibit heterogeneous texture and metadata are often ambiguous. In this paper, we first design a novel event-based meta-schema to characterize the semantic relatedness of social events and then build an event-based heterogeneous information network (HIN) integrating information from external knowledge base. Second, we propose a novel Pairwise Popularity Graph Convolutional Network, named as PP-GCN, based on weighted meta-path instance similarity and textual semantic representation as inputs, to perform fine-grained social event categorization and learn the optimal weights of meta-paths in different tasks. Third, we propose a streaming social event detection and evolution discovery framework for HINs based on meta-path similarity search, historical information about meta-paths, and heterogeneous DBSCAN clustering method. Comprehensive experiments on real-world streaming social text data are conducted to compare various social event detection and evolution discovery algorithms. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed framework outperforms other alternative social event detection and evolution discovery techniques.

Rohit Ram, Marian-Andrei Rizoiu

Social influence pervades our everyday lives and lays the foundation for complex social phenomena. In a crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic, social influence can determine whether life-saving information is adopted. Existing literature studying online social influence suffers from several drawbacks. First, a disconnect appears between psychology approaches, which are generally performed and tested in controlled lab experiments, and the quantitative methods, which are usually data-driven and rely on network and event analysis. The former are slow, expensive to deploy, and typically do not generalize well to topical issues (such as an ongoing pandemic); the latter often oversimplify the complexities of social influence and ignore psychosocial literature. This work bridges this gap and presents three contributions towards modeling and empirically quantifying online influence. The first contribution is a data-driven Generalized Influence Model that incorporates two novel psychosocial-inspired mechanisms: the conductance of the diffusion network and the social capital distribution. The second contribution is a framework to empirically rank users' social influence using a human-in-the-loop active learning method combined with crowdsourced pairwise influence comparisons. We build a human-labeled ground truth, calibrate our generalized influence model and perform a large-scale evaluation of influence. We find that our generalized model outperforms the current state-of-the-art approaches and corrects the inherent biases introduced by the widely used follower count. As the third contribution, we apply the influence model to discussions around COVID-19. We quantify users' influence, and we tabulate it against their professions. We find that the executives, media, and military are more influential than pandemic-related experts such as life scientists and healthcare professionals.

Dengcheng Yan, Tianyi Tang, Wenxin Xie et al.

With the increase of complexity of modern software, social collaborative coding and reuse of open source software packages become more and more popular, which thus greatly enhances the development efficiency and software quality. However, the explosive growth of open source software packages exposes developers to the challenge of information overload. While this can be addressed by conventional recommender systems, they usually do not consider particular constraints of social coding such as social influence among developers and dependency relations among software packages. In this paper, we aim to model the dynamic interests of developers with both social influence and dependency constraints, and propose the Session-based Social and Dependency-aware software Recommendation (SSDRec) model. This model integrates recurrent neural network (RNN) and graph attention network (GAT) into a unified framework. An RNN is employed to model the short-term dynamic interests of developers in each session and two GATs are utilized to capture social influence from friends and dependency constraints from dependent software packages, respectively. Extensive experiments are conducted on real-world datasets and the results demonstrate that our model significantly outperforms the competitive baselines.

Cornelia Sindermann, Éilish Duke, Christian Montag

Introduction: The present study sought to address core issues in the association between personality and the putative disordered use of Facebook. First, to redress the issue of generalisation from samples solely recruited from Facebook, we sought to explore personality differences between users and non-users of Facebook. Second, we aimed to investigate associations between personality and Facebook Use Disorder. The present study contributes a novel perspective to extant research on this topic by moving beyond the broad Big Five of personality, to explore possible relationships between Facebook use and sub-facets of the Big Five; all analyses were additionally controlled for confounding effects of demographic variables. Methods: 3,835 (n = 2,366 males) participants completed socio-demographic variables, the Big Five Inventory and stated their user status on Facebook (i.e. user versus non-user). Facebook-users also completed a Facebook Use Disorder scale assessing addictive tendencies towards Facebook use. Results: Facebook users reported higher levels of extraversion and lower levels of conscientiousness compared to non-users. Tendencies towards Facebook Use Disorder correlated negatively with conscientiousness and positively with neuroticism in both males and females. Conclusions: The present results indicate that research samples drawn from Facebook users may be biased with regard to personality (extraversion, conscientiousness). Moreover, certain personality traits – conscientiousness and neuroticism – which may influence the tendency towards Facebook Use Disorder are discussed.

Yunzhong He, Wenyuan Li, Liang-Wei Chen et al.

With the rise of social networks, information on the internet is no longer solely organized by web pages. Rather, content is generated and shared among users and organized around their social relations on social networks. This presents new challenges to information retrieval systems. On a social network search system, the generation of result sets not only needs to consider keyword matches, like a traditional web search engine does, but it also needs to take into account the searcher's social connections and the content's visibility settings. Besides, search ranking should be able to handle both textual relevance and the rich social interaction signals from the social network. In this paper, we present our solution to these two challenges by first introducing a social retrieval mechanism, and then investigate novel deep neural networks for the ranking problem. The retrieval system treats social connections as indexing terms, and generates meaningful results sets by biasing towards close social connections in a constrained optimization fashion. The result set is then ranked by a deep neural network that handles textual and social relevance in a two-tower approach, in which personalization and textual relevance are addressed jointly. The retrieval mechanism is deployed on Facebook and is helping billions of users finding postings from their connections efficiently. Based on the postings being retrieved, we evaluate our two-tower neutral network, and examine the importance of personalization and textual signals in the ranking problem.

Anthony Piscitelli, Sean Doherty

Recently, scholars have begun to recognize new theoretical connections between geography and intimate partner violence (IPV). One such theory is social disorganization theory (SDT). According to SDT, crime in communities can primarily be explained as a consequence of economic disadvantage, insufficient informal social control, lack of collective efficacy, and family breakdown. SDT is typically used in the context of property crime and public violence. This article reviews this evolving literature, proposing a unique and comprehensive concept map offering insights into how neighbourhood dynamics influence IPV.