Hasil untuk "Petroleum refining. Petroleum products"

LIU Die, ZHOU Jinyu, SONG Lianteng et al.

To provide technical support for the exploration and development of coal-rock gas resources, and facilitate the achievement of the "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality" goals, this study systematically compares the reservoir characteristics of coal-rock gas in typical exploration areas and their differences from coalbed methane, summarizes the current status of coal-rock gas logging evaluation technology, outlines the challenges faced in coal-rock gas logging evaluation, and points out its future development directions. The research indicates that: ① Coal-rock gas reservoirs are characterized by high temperature and pressure, complex pore structures, strong heterogeneity, and coexistence of free gas and adsorbed gas. In the Benxi formation of the Ordos basin, free gas accounts for an average of 24.48%, while in the Xishanyao formation of the Junggar basin, free gas accounts for an average of 54.00%. ② Logging technology has achieved results in identifying coal structure, calculating industrial components, and evaluating adsorbed gas content. Continuous evaluation of coal structure can be achieved through conventional logging curves and electrical imaging data, while industrial component and gas content calculation models can be established using methods such as multiple regression and machine learning. ③ Coal-rock gas logging evaluation currently faces four core challenges: calibration and quantitative evaluation of free gas content, cleat identification and parameter characterization, permeability prediction under multiple pore structures, and evaluation of mechanical properties in coal-bearing strata. ④ Future breakthroughs in technological bottlenecks require innovative rock physics experimental methods and instruments, the construction of multiporosity space interpretation models, and the development of big data intelligent algorithms. The conclusion states that, as an important strategic alternative resource, coal-rock gas logging evaluation requires systematic technological innovation tailored to the uniqueness of the reservoir and the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation system to effectively address current evaluation challenges and support efficient resource exploration and development.

Sobolev P.O.

The article presents the results of studying sedimentary rock samples from outcrops of the Archipelago New Siberian Islands using coal petrography methods. The collection includes 16 samples of coal and sandstone with carbonaceous inclusions collected during the BGR-VSEGEI expedition in 2011. The age of the samples varies from the early Carboniferous to the Paleogene. Vitrinite reflectance was measured for all samples, and the maceral composition was determined for 7 coal samples. Thermal maturity of the organic matter of the samples regularly changes with their age.

Nannan XU, Jizhe XIAO, Jiaqian QIN et al.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is widely used in cables, building materials, artificial leather and packaging fields due to its excellent mechanical properties and good processability. However, because of its high rigidity, it needs to rely on plasticizers to endow flexibility. This paper systematically summarizes the research progress on the performance regulation of PVC by polyester plasticizers, with a focus on the structural design, synthesis methods and their application effects. Through comparative analysis of different molecular structures, branching structures and end group functionalization strategies, the influence mechanisms of polyester plasticizers on the thermal stability, mechanical properties, migration behavior and processing rheology of PVC are summarized. The results show that the rational design of the molecular structure of polyester can significantly improve the plasticizing efficiency and compatibility, and reduce the risk of plasticizer migration and volatilization. The conclusion holds that the source of bio⁃based monomers and green synthesis technology are the key directions for the development of polyester plasticizers. In the future, efforts should be focused on multi⁃functional collaborative design and large⁃scale preparation to promote their application in fields such as medical care, cables, and packaging, and achieve the sustainable development of high⁃performance and environmentally friendly PVC materials.

Wei Songbo, Liu Lin, Zheng Xingsheng et al.

In order to study the gas-liquid separation performance of gas-liquid cyclone separators and solve the problem of pump gas lock caused by potential high gas content in produced oil and gas fluid,a new type of spiral gas-liquid separator was designed based on the cyclone separation theory,and the internal flow field was studied under different gas-liquid ratios. The study results show that as the diversion ratio increases,the gas concentration near the inner wall and underflow outlet of the cyclone significantly decreases,the overflow pressure loss of the cyclone gradually increases,while the underflow pressure loss gradually decreases,and the rate of increase in overflow pressure loss is basically the same as the rate of decrease in underflow pressure loss. The increase in the diversion ratio gradually improves the degassing efficiency of the gas-liquid separator,and the gas volume fraction of underflow gradually decreases. Under working conditions of 1:1,1:2,1:5 and 1:8 gas-liquid ratios,the optimal overflow diversion ratios are 58%,39%,22% and 15% respectively. The study results provide a basis for the design of downhole gas-liquid separation devices for high gas content oil wells,and also provide guidance for field applications and operations.

TANG Yong,CHEN Kun,HU Xiaohu,FANG Sidong,LIU Hua

The exploration of Well-Fuye-10 in the Dongyuemiao section has provided valuable characteristic parameters of typical continental shale, revealing a reservoir with well-developed mesopores and macropores and significant heterogeneity. The predominant pore sizes are around 10 nm. Notably, deviations in the critical parameters of the confined fluids alter the condensate gas properties within these nanopores, differentiating them from conventional laboratory results. This study combines indoor phase state experiments, critical parameter migration calculations, and numerical simulations of confined fluids to analyze the phase state characteristics and extraction properties of shale condensate gas. The findings elucidate the phase state transformation and extraction dynamics of the condensate gas. Adjustments in the calculations for condensate gas phase characteristics to account for critical parameter offsets indicate that as pore radius decreases, there is a corresponding reduction in critical temperature and pressure of the system components. This results in a contraction of the phase diagram towards the lower left, a decrease in dew point pressure, reduced gas phase viscosity, an increase in deviation factor, and a gradual decrease in retrograde condensate saturation. Additionally, a mechanism model was employed to assess the impact of critical parameter shifts on depletion extraction effectiveness. Results demonstrate that while the recovery rate of natural gas remains relatively unchanged, the recovery rate of condensate oil shows a significant increase, rising by 9.93% as the pore radius decreases to 10 nm. These insights offer pivotal guidance for the development of shale condensate gas reservoirs, particularly in managing the unique phase behavior and optimizing recovery strategies.

Max J H Worthington, Renata L. Kucera, Inês S Albuquerque et al.

Abstract Mercury pollution threatens the environment and human health across the globe. This neurotoxic substance is encountered in artisanal gold mining, coal combustion, oil and gas refining, waste incineration, chloralkali plant operation, metallurgy, and areas of agriculture in which mercury‐rich fungicides are used. Thousands of tonnes of mercury are emitted annually through these activities. With the Minamata Convention on Mercury entering force this year, increasing regulation of mercury pollution is imminent. It is therefore critical to provide inexpensive and scalable mercury sorbents. The research herein addresses this need by introducing low‐cost mercury sorbents made solely from sulfur and unsaturated cooking oils. A porous version of the polymer was prepared by simply synthesising the polymer in the presence of a sodium chloride porogen. The resulting material is a rubber that captures liquid mercury metal, mercury vapour, inorganic mercury bound to organic matter, and highly toxic alkylmercury compounds. Mercury removal from air, water and soil was demonstrated. Because sulfur is a by‐product of petroleum refining and spent cooking oils from the food industry are suitable starting materials, these mercury‐capturing polymers can be synthesised entirely from waste and supplied on multi‐kilogram scales. This study is therefore an advance in waste valorisation and environmental chemistry.

Ziyu Liu, Haobo Liu, Xiaoyi Yang

The purpose of this paper is to discover the impacts of contradictory factors in the application of agricultural residue with sustainable biofuel benefits. Based on the Life cycle assessment (LCA) approach, the quantitative LCA assessment model and approach have been established, coupling upstream cultivation and downstream jet biofuel product, which would benefit agriculture residue choice. The LCA model investigated the effects of interaction factors on energy consumption, including land release and agriculture residue use change. The computational framework of the LCA model is classified into three sub-models, including the cultivation and harvesting model, the refining process and distribution model, and the flight model. According to uncertainty analysis by the LCA model, the positive energy gains have been conducted at a wide range of hydrogen production and methanol production. The application model is represented by six types of typical aircraft widely used in China, including the LTO cycle module, actual cruising distance and maximum cruising distance module, actual payload, and maximum payload module. In the whole life cycle assessment, GHGs of agriculture residue is 17.9 gCO2e/MJ while petroleum-based jet fuel is 90.2 gCO2e/MJ. The order of GHGs in WTW (well to wheel) is agriculture residue < corn stover < beanstalk < wheat straw < rice straw. The land release conducted obviously to the total GHGs emission for rice straw, which indicated that land release should involve in the LCA.

Mamphedi Sylvia Mabitje, Mimonitu Opuwari

This paper focuses on determining total organic carbon (TOC) from boreholes in the Kalahari Basin, Botswana, using Passey's method. The Kalahari Karoo basin is one of several basins in southern Africa filled with Late Carboniferous to Jurassic sedimentary strata that host Permian age coal seams. Nine exploration boreholes (wells) drilled in the central Kalahari Karoo basin are used to determine the Total Organic Carbon potential. Vitrinite reflectance (Ro), proximate and ultimate analyses were conducted on cored coal intervals. Passey's ΔLogR method applied in this study employs resistivity and porosity logs to identify and quantify potential source rocks. Results of Passey's method compared with laboratory-measured carbon showed that Passey's method effectively identifies coal intervals. In terms of TOC calculations, the method works poorly in coal metamorphosed by dolerite intrusions. The heat affected coal samples had Ro from 0.77% to 5.53% and increased in maturity from primarily maceral controlled to high volatile bituminous and anthracite coal. Results from proximate analysis showed compositional changes in the coal were controlled by proximity to sill intrusion, with a decrease in Fixed Carbon and an increase in ash yield in the contact metamorphism zone (2–12 m from sill). For the unaltered coal that has undergone burial maturation displaying Ro of 0.44%–0.65%, the method works well. In unintruded boreholes, correlations between Carbon and calculated TOC indicate strong relationships. Passey's ΔLogR method proved to be a suitable method of estimating TOC on coal that has undergone burial maturation. This study has demonstrated that TOC calculated from the sonic log is more reliable in coal not affected by contact metamorphism than TOC calculated from the density log.

M. Abdullayeva, Alizadeh Sh. N.

This article talks about promising ways of development of petrochemical and oil refining industry and efficient use of water resources. Water affects most segments of the petroleum industry, and therefore efficient water management plays a key role in oil and gas exploitation. In most process industries, water is vital to many operations and is used for a variety of purposes such as product preparation, cooling, high purity water makeup water systems, general plant service water, waste handling/conveyance, potable/sanitary service, and fire protection, The water to be managed is produced together with hydrocarbons, formed as a by-product during oil and gas processing. Water has been identified as one of the top four challenges facing the exploitation of one of the largest crude oil fields (oil sands extraction). Large volumes stored in tailings ponds from oil-sand separation must be managed with a long-term view, as dike failure can cause a major environmental disaster.

Suyun HU, Bin BAI, Shizhen TAO et al.

Based on the comparison of basic geological conditions and enrichment characteristics of shale oil plays, the heterogeneity of source and reservoir conditions and differential enrichment of medium-high maturity continental shale oil plays in China have been confirmed. (1) Compared with the homogeneous geological settings and wide distribution of marine shale oil strata in North America, the continental medium and high maturity shale oil plays in China are significantly different in geological conditions generally; continental multi-cyclic tectonic evolution forms multiple types of lake basins in multi-stages, providing sites for large-scale development of continental shale oil, and giving rise to large scale high-quality source rocks, multiple types of reservoirs, and diverse source-reservoir combinations with significant heterogeneity. (2) The differences in sedimentary water environments lead to the heterogeneity in lithology, lithofacies, and organic material types of source rocks; the differences in material source supply and sedimentary facies belt result in reservoirs of different lithologies, including argillaceous and transition rocks, and tight siltstone, and complex source-reservoir combination types. (3) The heterogeneity of the source rock controls the differentiation of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, the diverse reservoir types make reservoir performance different and the source-reservoir configurations complex, and these two factors ultimately make the shale oil enrichment patterns different. Among them, the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion capacity of high-quality source rocks affect the degree of shale oil enrichment. Freshwater hydrocarbon source rocks with TOC larger than 2.5% and saline hydrocarbon source rocks with TOC of 2% to 10% have a high content of retained hydrocarbons and are favorable. (4) High-abundance organic shale is the basis for the enrichment of shale oil inside the source. In addition to being retained in shale, liquid hydrocarbons migrate along laminae, diagenetic fractures, and thin sandy layers, and then accumulate in laminae of argillaceous siltstone, siltstone, and argillaceous dolomite, and dolomitic siltstone suites, etc. with low organic matter abundance in the shale strata, resulting in differences in enrichment pattern.

Ouyang Yong, Shen Zhaoxi, Bai Mingna et al.

During sidetracking in old wells,the drill bit may destroy existing casings and cement sheaths,and meanwhile,the cementing strength of the first and second cementing surfaces near the window will be decreased,which will affect the safety of sidetracking directly.In order to ensure the practice safety,taking a sidetracking old well as the study object,a 3D model of casing-cement sheath-formation was established by use of the finite element method to analyze the variation of cementing strength of cement sheaths during sidetracking.The calculation results show that,after sidetracking,the failure area for the first cementing surface is from 1.60 m above the sidetracking point to 4.00 m below the sidetracking point,in which the cementing surface between 0.20 m above the sidetracking point and 1.65 m below the sidetracking point fails completely in circumferential direction.The failure area for cement sheaths ranges from 1.80 m above the sidetracking point to 3.95 m below the sidetracking point,and the failure area for the second cementing surface ranges from 1.90 m above the sidetracking point to 4.10 m below the sidetracking point.

He Dongsheng, Tan Ya, Xiong Lang et al.

Hydraulic wet connector technology can effectively reduce the cost and safety problems caused by fluid loss accidents during electrical submersible pump(ESP)replacement operation. In the paper, on the basis of introducing the structure and performance of hydraulic wet connectors of foreign Baker Hughes, Schlumberger and Halliburton companies, the technical status of hydraulic wet connector in China was analyzed, and the structure and performance of subsea hydraulic connector of CNPC Baoji Oilfield Machinery Co., Ltd. and intelligent well string quick joint of Dongying Fulide Petroleum Technology Development Co., Ltd. were introduced. Then, the problems of hydraulic wet connectors at home and abroad were pointed out, i.e., there is a sealing problem in the control line of downhole wet connector, and the reliability of downhole wet connector has a great influence on downhole equipment such as flow control valve, temperature sensor and pressure sensor. And finally, suggestions for the development of downhole wet connector were put forward, i.e., the performance of its sealing system should be further improved, the cleaning function of debris in the connection process of downhole wet connector needs to be further studied, and at the same time of developing the downhole hydraulic wet connector technology, the research on its test methods and test devices also needs to be promoted. The conclusions provide guidance and reference for the future research of the downhole hydraulic wet connector.

Bowen Zhang, L. Dodd, Peiyao Yan et al.

Abstract The refining of petroleum feedstocks has produced a surplus of the by-product elemental sulfur that is currently underused and is therefore, extremely low cost. The combination of sulfur with organic crosslinking units by inverse vulcanization polymerization, provides a route to low cost materials with a wide array of potential applications. To fully exploit the availability of elemental sulfur and to allow the product polymers to align well with the principles of green chemistry, a renewable crosslinker is desirable. Reported here is a polymer formed from inverse vulcanization, produced from industrial waste sulfur, and bio-derived garlic oil blend. This polymer has tuneable properties when blended with another industrial waste product, dicyclopentadiene. These polymers were found to have a high affinity to capture mercury, particularly for low mercury concentrations where other sorbents are often not effective. It is these low concentrations that are most industrially relevant and important for environmental and health concerns as even low concentrations of toxic mercury can have cumulative and severe consequences. Crucially, these ternary polymer systems are mechanically robust due to their increased glass transition temperatures and hardness values, making them viable for practical applications.

Alexander Meshoulam, Ward Said–Ahmad, Courtney Turich et al.

Abstract Volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSC) are found in petroleum natural gas and condensates at trace levels. The abundance and δ34S values of VOSC were proposed as a proxy for thermal processes such as oil and gas generation during thermal maturation, thermochemical and microbial sulfate reduction, migration and expulsion. The understanding of VOSC formation and degradation mechanisms is needed to refine the use of δ34S values of VOSC as proxies for thermal processes over geological timescales in the subsurface. We therefore conducted pyrolysis experiments at 360 °C for 4, 12 and 72 h using pentane and H2S or pentanethiol as model compounds to study the formation and degradation pathways of VOSC and associated variations in δ34S values. The main products of these experiments are C1-C4 alkanes along with a variety of thiols and thiophenes, the most dominant VOSC formed. Most thiols were in equilibrium with H2S after 4 h based on their δ34S values. Thiophenes were first 34S depleted relative to H2S and only reached equilibrium at the 72 h experiment. The products and 34S fractionations in the pyrolysis experiment of pentanethiol at 360 °C and 12 h were similar to those of the experiment with H2S and pentane at the same conditions. This similarity suggests that pentanethiol is an intermediate product in the formation of aromatic VOSC during pyrolysis of pentane and H2S. Benzo- and dibenzothiophenes (BTs and DBTs) were formed in the liquid phase and their 34S depleted values relative to H2S indicated that they had not reached equilibrium. Ab-initio calculations of the thermodynamic properties of thiols, thiolanes, thiophenes BTs and DBTs were used to explain the relative abundance of products in the system and predict their abundance and S isotopic signature at reservoir conditions. The thermodynamic data suggests that at equilibrium, only small quantities of thiols and even smaller quantities of thiolanes can exist under our experimental conditions. Unlike thiols, the free energy of formation of thiophenes, BTs and DBTs is negative under these conditions indicating that the formation of these compounds is thermodynamically favored. The result suggests that the δ34S values of thiols are controlled by a very rapid equilibrium isotopic effect (EIE). On the other hand, aromatic sulfur compounds can preserve the δ34S value of the kinetic isotopic effect (KIE) associated with their formation for longer. However, under typical petroleum reservoir conditions, the formation of aromatic VOSC in the gas phase from short alkanes (

Peng Chong, Zhiming Zhou, Xiangchen Fang et al.

Abstract Hydrotreating represents an important process in modern petroleum refining industry, whose performance mainly relies on the identity of catalyst. In this work, we perform a combined thermodynamics and kinetics study on the hydrogenation of naphthalene over a commercialized NiMo/HY catalyst. The reaction network is constructed for the respective production of decalin and methylindane via the intermediate product of tetralin, which could further undergo hydrogenation to butylbenzene, ethylbenzene, xylene, toluene, benzene, methylcyclohexane and cyclohexane. The thermodynamics analysis suggests the optimum operating conditions for the production of monoaromatics are 400 oC, 8.0 MPa, and 4.0 hydrogen/naphthalene ratio. Based on these, the influences of reaction temperature, pressure, hydrogen/naphthalene ratio, and liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) are investigated to fit the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. It is found that the higher temperature and pressure while lower LHSV favors monoaromatics production, which is insensitive to the hydrogen/naphthalene ratio. Furthermore, the high consistence between the experimental and simulated data further validates the as-obtained kinetics model on the prediction of catalytic performance over this kind of catalyst.

A. A. Khan, Madhumanti Mondal

Abstract Gradual acceleration of heavy metal contamination in the aquatic environment experienced an enormous concern in the second half of 20th century, as the existence of many industrial and environmental accidents warned the world for the sake of detrimental environmental consequences. Water pollution caused by heavy metal concentration, along with their associated toxic effects resulting from several industrial activities, is a serious threat to the environment and human health and is a matter of worldwide concern. Effluents from enormous number of industries such as electroplating, leather, tannery, textile, pigment and dyes, paint, wood processing, petroleum refining, and photographic film production encompass a significant quantity of heavy metals in their wastewater. The conventional techniques for the treatment of heavy metal contamination consist of chemical precipitation, solvent extraction, chemical oxidation, ion exchange, membrane separation, reverse osmosis, electro dialysis, etc. However, the several disadvantages linked with these methods, such as higher cost, being energy intensive, and often related with the generation of toxic by-products, made them unpopular. Thus the adsorption process has been explored as one of the cost-effective techniques, along with its greater removal efficiency for heavy metal ion concentration from wastewater. The objective of this chapter is to emphasize the numerous low-cost adsorbents such as locally available natural materials, various agricultural wastes, and their indigenous preparation toward the effective adsorbent and greater removal efficiency for the removal of heavy metal contamination in wastewater. This chapter highlights this alternative low-cost adsorbent abundantly present in nature as a potential component for the removal of toxic heavy metals from industrial effluent and the adsorption process involved.

Leng Jiancheng, Qian Wandong, Zhou Linfeng

It has important engineering significance to carry out stress monitoring and safety warning for oil and gas pipelines; however, there are few studies on safety evaluation based on pipeline monitoring data in existing literatures. In view of this, the finite element analysis was used to ascertain the stress monitoring position sensitive to subsidence, and the rectangular strain gauge was used to carry out stress monitoring test on the pipeline model under different subsidence conditions. Based on the monitoring data, the GM(1,1)grey model, BP neural network and composite model were used to realize the stress prediction of the pipeline monitoring site; moreover, the prediction accuracy of the 3 methods was analyzed; on the basis of which, the Shewhart control chart based stress anomaly warning method was proposed. The study results show that the prediction accuracy of BP neural network is high, but the prediction results are sometimes unstable; the composite model based on GM(1,1)and BP neural network can accurately predict the change trend of pipeline surface stress; and the Shewhart control chart based on predicted stress can provide field guidance for on-line safety evaluation of pipelines.

Zhang Shuai, Zhang Rui, Wu Jiafeng et al.

The conventional method for designing rotary valve needs to build a variety of models, which affects the efficiency of rotary valve design and development. In this paper, a parameterized optimization design method for rotary valve with quadrant valve port was proposed. By means of setting the size of characteristic design parameters, the parameterization of rotary valve model was realized; the key structural parameters and grid size parameters of rotary valve performance set by parameterization were marked and defined, then, by means of CFX analytical calculation, the integration of modeling and analysis was realized. The analysis shows that the rotation of rotor produces throttling effect on the flow channel and the flow field is complex; after the fluid passes through the rotary valve, except that the edge wall belongs to jet, the middle is in a chaotic turbulent state; the rotor rotates continuously, periodically blocks drilling fluid and produces layer after layer of pressure waves, which are transmitted up and down simultaneously. The experimental verification shows the accuracy of the simulation results. This method lays a theoretical foundation for the localization design of continuous wave rotary valve.

Ziqiang Hu, Bingjie Wang, Zhi-shan Bai et al.

Abstract Pseudo-boehmite (PB) is often used as a precursor for hydrotreating catalyst support (γ-Al2O3) in the petroleum refining process. Recently, continuous-carbonation process was proposed to prepare PB in order to meet the increasing demand for macroporous γ-Al2O3, but the highly dispersed particle size of PB in this process limited its development. To obtain the PB with monodispersed particle size, a 10 mm mini-hydrocyclone was designed by 3D printing technology and used to the classification for PB. Then a high-performance zone for classification with Re of 4000–5000 was obtained. The volume ratio of particles (>10 μm) was increased from 56.3% to 83.5% at a split ratio of 15%, and the mean particle size was increased from 12.9 μm to 45.7 μm, which indicated that the highly dispersed particle size could be efficiently concentrated into monodispersed one by hydrocyclone classification. Under optimal operating conditions (Re of 4360 and Rf of 15%), the hydrocyclone was unprecedentedly applied to the continuous-carbonation preparation process of PB, and the volume ratio of particles (>10 μm) was significantly increased from 53.1% to 75.6% in the pilot test. This finding contributed to optimize continuous-carbonation process and improve product performance.

S. Mehla, S. Kukade, Pramod Kumar et al.

Abstract Recently the importance of Petroleum Refining Industries has gradually shifted from a supplier of nonrenewable fuels to a supplier of petrochemical feed stocks such as olefins and aromatics (BTX). Zeolite ZSM-5 still remains a zeolite of tremendous importance due to its application as a FCC additive among other applications. New cracking technologies such as deep catalytic cracking, which also use ZSM-5 catalyst to increase gas yields, are also being developed and commercialized. ZSM-5 increases the yields of gaseous fractions at the expense of gasoline and is a good source of Ethylene, Propylene, Butenes and Pentenes because of high alkene/alkane ratios in the gas fraction. Conventionally catalyst manufacturers have independently marketed propylene maximization and olefin reduction additives for the benefit of petroleum refiners. In this article, the use of metal promoted ZSM-5 based FCC additives for the increase of propylene yields along with simultaneous reduction of olefins in gasoline fraction is elaborated. A Dual Functional Index was proposed to compare the effectiveness of additives towards this objective. The effect of metal modification in same proportions on cracking ratios and product distribution over additives was analyzed and it was demonstrated that the extent of H-transfer, β-scission, protolytic cracking and dehydrogenation reactions could be fine-tuned by metal modifications. It was observed that an excess of H-transfer reactions led to high aromatics and high coke deposit on the additive whereas a balance between β-scission reactions and H-transfer reactions lead to high propylene yields along with a great reduction in cracked naphtha olefin content and minimum carbon loss as dry gas.