Hasil untuk "Oriental languages and literatures"

Armen Israyelyan

The article deals with Israel’s factor which influences Iran-Azerbaijan relations. The article highlights the following issues when assessing the impact of the Israeli factor on Iran-Azerbaijan relations:  Represent Israel’s foreign policy priorities on Azerbaijan,  Assess the position of the Islamic Republic of Iran on Azerbaijan-Israel cooperation and analyze Iran's policy within this context,  Analyze Azerbaijan's motives for strengthening cooperation with Israel. The nuclear program, Iran's missile systems, the Shia factor, the Iranian-speaking peoples of Azerbaijan (Tats, Talish), the activities of Azerbaijani Shia opposition figures, the 760-kilometer border between Azerbaijan and Iran – these are the main factors underlying Israel's policy towards Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan first of all justified the establishment of relations with Israel with the expectation of receiving military-political assistance from Israel in the settlement of the Nagorno Karabakh conflict.

Beniamin Mailyan

The purpose of this article is to explore the history of the emergence of the discourse of Georgian nationalism and the idea of the Georgian nation. The author offers an alternative view of the reasons for the emergence of Georgian nationalism and identifies the main top-ics of the Georgian national narrative. Ilia Chavchavadze, a poet, a writer, a publicist and a public figure, is considered the spiritual father of the nation in Georgia. He is one of the key figures in the Georgian histor-ical pantheon because he outlined the main ethnic markers of Georgian identity. He and his circle, the group of intellectuals known as Tergdaleulebi, mark the beginning of the history of Georgian nationalism. This makes him an indisputable authority for all those who call themselves Georgian patriots.

Ayşe Çekiç

Ahmet Selçukoğlu, Tiz Kellesi Vurula: Ortaçağda Baş Kesme Cezası ve Teşhirin Arkeolojisi, Kutadgu, 2023, İstanbul, ISBN: 978-605-71981-8-1

Omer Elsheikh Hago Elmahdi, Hanan Mahgoub Hamed Mohamad

This study aimed to investigate the views of final year students of Department Languages ​​and Translation at Taibah University regarding the skills required for professional success through the needs analysis approach. This study investigated the perspectives of 100 final year translation and interpretation students at Taibah University in Saudi Arabia regarding the professional competencies needed for career success.  A 21-item Likert-scale needs analysis questionnaire captured students' views. The results showed that students showed high agreement on the skill importance (M=4.55). The results showed that students at high level considered the sufficiently of current translation approach (M=3.72). Students also highly agreed on the existed substantial barriers with 3.78. Finally, students reported with very high rate (4.2) about the necessity of making changing in the curriculum practices. The study recommends aligning efforts with competency priorities reported by students promises continuously optimized outcomes. Recurring assessment input as stakeholders informs responsive planning per evolving needs amidst global demands. This methodology elevates student perspectives to guide curriculum improvements towards employer-relevant skill-building.

Muhajir Muhajir , Alimudin Alimudin, Era Sastra Pangestu et al.

The purpose of this study was to determine how the development of nabr al-ashwat al-arabiyyah material improved the Arabic speaking skills of Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta Junior High School students. This research utilised a research and development method with the ADDIE model, namely analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The data collection process employed observation, questionnaires, interviews and tests. The results explain that judging from the average pre-test value, it can be said that nabr material has proven effective in improving the speaking proficiency of the material Arabic lessons in grade IX of Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta Junior High School students. The researcher concluded that the development of nabr material from the pre-test results obtained an average value (mean) of 60.27, the minimal value being 48, the maximum value being 70 and the standard deviation being 6.036. while in the post-test table the average student score (mean) is 82.77, the minimum value being 70.00, the maximum value being 98.00 and the standard deviation being 8.149, which was proven by the effectiveness test using the JASP application. The paired samples t-test showed an increase in self-regulation (t (36) = -21.761, p <.001). This data shows that the p-value is <0.05; hence, it can be concluded that the data is significant. Furthermore, the Cohen's d table shows an effect of -3.627.

Artyom Tonoyan, Hakob Avchyan

Over the past 40-45 years, numerous articles and monographs have been published in Iran, focusing on both Iranian and non-Iranian languages and dialects spoken within the country. During this period, works have also been published in Iran on Iranian languages and dialects spoken outside the country, encompassing regions such as Turkey, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, among others. However, a significant portion of the works from both groups does not always capture the attention of non-Iranian researchers. This partial lack of visibility can be attributed to objective factors such as unavailability and language barriers. Additionally, subjective reasons, including a relatively lower interest in scholarly literature published in Iran, contribute to this oversight. One underlying factor for this reality could be a certain viewpoint, regarding the quality of publications in the East (perhaps partially fair in the past, but requiring a completely new approach today), prevalent in Western and Russian academic circles for at least the last two centuries.

Emrullah Yakut

Müderris-zâde Abdülkerîm Efendi tarafından tertip edilen Dîvân-ı Belâgât-Unvân-ı Abdülkerîm adlı divan mecmuası Nâsır Alî el-Hindî Divançesi ve Şevket-i Buhârî Dîvânı’ndan oluşmaktadır. Abdülkerîm Efendi’nin oğlu Müderris-zâde Sa‘dullah ‘İzzet ise Şevket-i Buhârî Dîvânı’nın derkenarına bazı beyitlerin şerhini ve/veya tercümesini kaydetmiştir. Ancak söz konusu bu tercüme ve şerhlerin, kendisine mi yoksa Şevket-i Buhârî dersi aldığı amcası ‘Ârif Efendi’ye mi ait olduğu tartışmalı bir husustur. Divanda tercüme ve şerhten başka; a‘lâ, gâyet a‘lâ, gâyetü’l-gâyet a‘lâ anlamına gelen bazı işaretler kullanılarak beyitler estetik bir derecelendirmeye tabi tutulmuş, anlam yönünden ise nükteli, müşkil gibi tasnifler yapılmıştır. Kendisi de şair olan Sa‘dullah ‘İzzet tarafından kaydedildiği anlaşılan bu derkenar notları Hint üslubunun ve Şevket-i Buhârî’nin kendine mahsus şiir anlayışı hakkında önemli bilgiler sunmaktadır. Derkenardaki dağınık ve düzensiz notlar içerdiği samimi yorumlar sayesinde XIX. yüzyılda yaşayan bir şiir okurunun klasik şiire nasıl baktığı, şiir karşısında neler hissettiği konusunda da ipuçları vermektedir. Bu makalede tasnife konu beyitler incelenerek bu tasniflerin neye göre yapıldığı irdelenecek; Hint üslubunda önemli bir yer tutan “ince hayal”in tespit ve tahlili yapılacak; övgü ve beğeni ifadelerine konu olan beyitler tahlil edilerek şârih/okurun nasıl bir şiir estetiğine sahip olduğu anlaşılmaya ve resmedilmeye çalışılacaktır.

Vladimir T. Tepkeev

Introduction. The article publishes one of the last letters submitted by Khan Ayuka of the Kalmyks to the Russian Emperor Peter the Great. Goals. The work aims at introducing newly discovered correspondence dealing with Russian-Kalmyk relations in the first quarter of the 18th century. Materials. The document analyzed is contained in Collection 119 (‘Kalmyk Affairs’) of Imperial Russia’s Foreign Policy Archive that houses quite a number of written sources in Kalmyk history. The never-published document is the first Kalmyk letter from the mentioned archive to be made available to the public. Results. The paper provides a brief historical review of the events described in Khan Ayuka’s letter. The most precious document sheds light on multiple circumstances to have preceded the outburst of the internal Kalmyk conflict in 1723. Conclusions. The examined 1724 letter is an invaluable source in the history of Kalmyk Khanate that shall essentially add to further understanding of 18th-century Russian-Kalmyk relations. So, the text clarifies Khan Ayuka’s stance on the emerging internal crisis. Having been one of those who wrecked the negotiation process between Chakdorjab’s sons, Ayuka turns to the Russian Emperor for assistance in his letter. The domestic conflict not only significantly weakened his positions as Khan but also resulted in external threats to Kalmyk Khanate at large.

Zhargal A. Aiakova

Introduction. The image of woman in Buryat literature had been created under the influence of Buddhist patriarchal views which led to discrimination against the former and humiliation of female nature in religious and social life. The article deals with the status of Buryat woman in The Mirror of Wisdom, a Buddhist composition authored by Ven. E.-Kh. Galshiev (1855–1915). It describes women’s spiritual paths in pre-revolutionary Buryat society and demonstrates how Buddhist values had been incorporated into their daily life to determine spiritual and social foundations. Goals. The study seeks to examine the impacts and role of women in religious and social life of Buryat society, identify the causes of prejudice against women and somewhat contradictory interpretation of female essence. Materials and methods. The work analyzes Lama Galshiev’s Mirror of Wisdom and fundamental treatises by outstanding Buddhist teachers. The main research methods are historical/philosophical and comparative analyses. The article proves topical enough due to the growing interest in gender studies as well as the need for a holistic understanding of the essence and role of woman not only in traditional but also in modern society. Results. Despite the influence of Buddhist teachings on interpretations of Buryat woman’s status is obvious, Lama Galshiev’s text contains no clear confirmation of discrimination against women or signs of oppression. There is a persistent opinion that Buryat women had been experiencing extremely difficult and rightless conditions in pre-revolutionary times, but Lama Galshiev tends to narrate a somewhat different image of woman — enjoying a certain degree of freedom and respectful enough. Conclusion. Though submissive in the Buddhist tradition, woman’s status was never questioned in traditional religious and family life. Actual conditions of a Buryat woman in pre-revolutionary society were rather determined by her personal spiritual level, marriage, childbearing functions, household keeping skills. In Buryat family not only woman sought to satisfy the needs of her husband but the latter also set himself a goal of meeting his wife’s wishes in accordance with her expectations and values.

Ahmet Kırkan

Dillerde eş anlamlı sözcükler zenginleştirici öğelerdir. Bazı dillerde bir sözcüğün birden çok eş anlamlısı bulunurken, bazı dillerde ise sözcüklerin eş anlamları çok az vardır veya hiç yoktur. Eş anlamlı sözcükler aynı kavramı farklı açılardan tanımlayan, kavramın çeşitli yönlerini ortaya koyan sözcüklerdir. Kürtçede ve özellikle Zazaca diyalektinde eş anlamlı sözcükler yoğun bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Eş anlamlı olarak belirtilen bütün sözcüklerde nüanslar vardır. Bu sözcükler genel yapı anlam ilişkisi içerisinde eş anlamlı olarak kabul edilirler. Özellikle farklı kültürlerin ve dillerin iç içe geçtiği coğrafyalarda eş anlamlı sözcüklerin sayısında ciddi bir artış meydana gelir. Konuşulduğu coğrafya göz önüne alındığında Zazaca; Türkçe, Arapça ve Farsça dilleri ile Kurmancca diyalektiğinin mozaik bir yapı oluşturduğu bir coğrafyada konuşulmaktadır. Bu kültürel mozaik ve dilsel atlas Zazacada birçok eşanlamlı sözcüğün ortaya çıkmasını sağlamıştır. Çalışmanın amacı Vate Çalışma Grubu tarafından hazırlanmış olan sözlükte, Zazacadaki eş anlamlı sözcükleri tespit etmek; bu sözcükleri anlamsal açıdan analiz etmek ve hangi seslerde daha fazla eş anlamlı sözcüğün bulunduğunu grafiklerle tespit etmektir. Kaynak olarak bahsedilen sözlük ve çeşitli dillerdeki dilbilim kaynakları kullanılacaktır. Türkçede bu alanda birçok çalışma yapılmış olmasına rağmen Zazacada bu alanda şimdiye kadar müstakil bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Bu açıdan çalışma önem arz etmektedir. Kaybolmaya yüz tutmuş bir dilde yapılacak kategorik çalışmalar, dilin envanterinin ortaya konulması açısından önemlidir. Zazacada tespit edilmiş eş anlamlı sözcükler, çalışmanın sonunda verilmiştir. Çalışmada günlük dilde aktif bir şekilde konuşulan sözcüklerin tespit edilmesine özen gösterilmiş, yabancı dillerden alınmış veya türetilmiş sözcükler çalışmaya alınmamıştır.

Amalia Catagnoti

The article focuses on the attestations of the Sumerograms en-nun-ak and igi-sig in the Ebla texts. Confirming that the two terms indicate activities of surveillance and custody, the discussion of various prosopographical and lexical matters permits to distinguish their different uses, as names of functions and, in the case of igi-sig, as qualification of prized goods kept in important buildings and places. Furthermore, the gathered materials can be added to those of other investigations on further personnel in charge of guard functions, in view of a comprehensive evaluation of watching activities at the time of the Palace G texts.

Сергей Александрович Крылов

В статье задаётся категориально-семантическая нотация словоформ базовых лексем монгольского языка; эти словоформы охарактеризованы по их встречаемости. В статье приводится список, содержащий базовую лексику современного монгольского языка (454 словоформы). Материалы и методы. Подсчет частотности словоформ вёлся на материале Генерального корпуса современного монгольского языка (ГКМЯ). Настоящая работа опирается на те же принципы квантитативной монголистики, что и предшествующие работы автора. Однако наиболее оригинальной особенностью данной словарной таблицы является наличие в ней особой категориально-семантической нотации. Такая нотация ориентирована на разработку семантической типологии языков мира. Она рассчитана на потенциальную типологическую сопоставимость данного базового лексикона с аналогично построенными базовыми лексиконами других языков мира. В статье приводятся базовые 454 словоформы современного монгольского языка, употребительные в ГКМЯ-1а: абсолютная частотность в ГКМЯ превышает 255, а относительная ― соответственно 220 ipm. (I.) Имя словоформы в квази-орфографической записи. Квази-орфографическая запись отличается от собственно орфографической снятием всех различий по регистру (заглавности/строчности). (II.) Обобщённая грамматема (т. е. сюда включаются не только собственно грамматемы, но и пучки омографических грамматем). (III.) Обобщённая лексема (т. е. сюда включаются не только собственно лексемы, но и пучки омографических лексем). (IV.) Семантическая помета-глосса, приписанная соответствующей словоформе или лексеме (строго говоря, она приписана одному из членов пучка омографических сегментов, совпадающему с именем словоформы). Этот столбец имеет функцию неформального мнемонического напоминания пользователю-типологу (особенно не знакомому с монгольским языком), какое лексическое значение имеет данная словоформа. (V.) Категориально-семантическая помета, приписываемая данной словоформе (точнее говоря, пучку омографических словоформ) в ГКМЯ. Этот столбец в данной таблице является ключевым. (VI.) Абсолютная частотность словоформы (точнее говоря, пучка омографических словоформ) в ГКМЯ-1а. (VII.) Ранг словоформы (точнее говоря, пучка омографических словоформ) в ГКМЯ-1а. (VIII.) Количество текстов из ГКМЯ-1а, в которых данная словоформа (точнее говоря, пучок омографических словоформ) встречается. (IX.) Ранг словоформы (точнее говоря, пучка омографических словоформ) в частотном словаре, упорядоченным по убыванию количества текстов из ГКМЯ-1а. Категориально-семантическая нотация словоформ базовых лексем монгольского языка представлена в виде таблицы, упорядоченной по прямому алфавитному порядку категориально-семантических помет.

I. V. Mamieva

The history of Enlightenment thought of the North Caucasus in the 80-90s of the XIX century manifested a reorientation of the ideological beliefs, caused by the collapse of expectations for the civilizing mission of the tsarist government and its «educated bureaucracy.» Illusions of the «intellectual mentorship» as a form of a dialogue with the government and rational correction methods of administration in the region were replaced by a concept of a critical thinking personality as the main driving force of progress. The present article views the poetic interpretation and implementation of the theses of P. L. Lavrov’s theory of narodism in the creativity of K. L. Khetagurov within the context of socio-philosophical quest of the North Caucasian creative intelligentsia of that time. Purpose: analyzing the number of poems included in “The Ossetian lyre” collection (“Iron fandyr”) by Kosta Khetagurov for presenting a reasoned evidence that the postulates of the Russian ideologist of narodism P. L. Lavrov, and namely, the idea of “indebtedness” to the people, were perceived by the classic of the Ossetian literature as a personal moral, artistic and philosophical imperative. Methods: comparative contrasting and hermeneutic-interpretative methods were used in the study to understand the synthesis of the elements of the extra-textual reality and features of the poetics of the texts of the poems. Results: the study of the poems of “The Ossetian lyre” collection viewed as consistent reflections of the various stages of “critical thinking”, discussed by P. L. Lavrov, and enabled to identify these texts as a semantic and motivational unity structured in a certain way. Step transition from one type of consciousness to another (“Meditation” contains the idea of “justifying” the idle state lamenting isolation from the “soil”, in the “Hope” the thought is active and aimed at the process of creative and spiritual growth, and in the poem “If to... “- a searching, dynamic thought, at the level of dreams, ideas comes out to the synthesis of “one’s individual”, national and universal, worldly) contributes to the comprehension of the most important fragments of the poet’s artistic vision of the world, who in his poetry and public discourse considered himself as a citizen of the world (”The whole world is my temple, my love is my shrine / The overall universe is the homeland of mine!”). The core of this compositional and semantic unity is the idea of “paying the debt” to the people, clearly formulated by K. L. Khetagurov in his program poem “Commandment”. Discussion: The use of new interpretative approaches to the microcycle distinguished within the internal structure of the collection “The Ossetian lyre” as a kind of the author’s “dialogue” with philosophical theses put forward in the “Historical Letters” (1870) by P. L. Lavrov and enabled to advance a new reading of this cycle of poems, necessitating the correcting of intonation and semantic accents in them with the view of transferring attention from the traditional social dimension to the factor of personal development, and the growth phase of individual and social consciousness.

G. Nurova

The article is devoted to studying of an image and a cult of Buddha Maytreya in the culture of Kalmyks, also to the analysis of the unique icon «Buddha Maytreya» from National Museum of Republic of Kalmykia. The author analyzes the multifigured composition of an icon and its art style and comes to a conclusion that the studied monument of the fi ne arts of Kalmyks, possibly, is created by several artists in full accordance with canons of Buddhist art.

Andrey Riazhev

The article is dedicated to the history of offi cers of Stavropol Kalmyk Troop. The study outlines the place of Stavropol offi cers in military and religious policies of the authorities from the Seven years War to the end of the Patriotic War of 1812 and Russian Foreign Campaign of 1813-1814. The results of the research expand scientifi c understanding of political and diplomatic actions of authorities on the south-eastern territories of the Russian Empire in this period.

Yoke Suryadarma, Fariz Mirza Abdillah

Linguists consider that the study of derivatives is an important subject in the study of Arabic language because it has characteristics that differ from other languages in the world. Arabic language teaching in Indonesia is widespread, this study has not been a top place among Arab students. Starting from this point of views, in this article the researcher would like to contribute the share in this study, especially on the words derivatives in Surat Al-Tarik, it becomes from this point of view, a common derivative study in the hands of Arab students as is commonly known. The researcher used qualitative research in his research, which the type of qualitative desk study is the descriptive method, and the researcher used the method of content analysis to get access to the information. The result of this research is that the derivatives names in this surah are ha>fiz{, da>fiq, qa>dir, na>s}ir, and al-ka>firi>n.

Ali Salimi, Reza kiani

Koranic intertextuality is one of the most frequently used stylistic devices in Arabic resistance poetry. It has a strong presence in poetic productions because it is able to develop the meaning in the poems. It gives the poems depth and make it an entrance to the nature of man. This feature is something different from supporting and consecrating the words of the poet. Moreover, during the past years, there have been errors in relation to Koranic intertextuality- expressions which are inconsistent with the status of the Koran. This article reviews the Koramic intertextuality in a selected sample of Palestinian and Egyptian resistance potry, that is, in the poetry of Mohmud Darwish and Amal Donqol. The review shows that the two poets sometimes go astray in their use of Koranic references.